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    Descriptor systems - examples and applications

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    978-0-429-39849- 0/ebook). xiv, 601 p. (2024).

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    978-3-030-88956-2/ebook). xi, 239 p. (2021).

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    translation from Differ. Uravn. 55, No. 11, 1528-1544 (2019).

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    Tektonske strukture na krasu

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    The doctoral dissertation presents a geological study of the Postojna-Planina Cave System, a major karstic network in southwestern Slovenia. The research explores its role as a natural underground laboratory for understanding tectonic structures, deformation, and karstification processes. Central to the study is the question of whether this cave system can serve as a geological archive of the region’s tectonic history. By combining surface and subsurface data, the study interprets the caves not only as karst features but as records of both ancient and ongoing tectonic activity. Two case studies: micro-displacement monitoring in Postojna Cave and structural analysis in Planina Cavedemonstrate how caves preserve tectonic evidence in higher resolution than surface outcrops. These findings enable detailed interpretations of multiphase tectonic development, including neotectonics, and provide near real-time evidence of current micro-displacements. Situated between the Predjama and Idrija faults, the cave system occupies an actively deforming block within the Dinarides. Structures and displacements observed in the caves reveal a rare three-dimensional view of fault dispalcements. Extensometer monitoring records subtle fault kinematics even during low seismic activity, offering insights for seismic hazard assessment in carbonate terrains where karstification often obscures tectonic signals. The research also identifies hydrologically induced movements, underlining the importance of studying groundwater–tectonic interactions. A 60,000-year tectonic record preserved in the caves further contributes to speleoseismology, with recommendations for comprehensive monitoring that integrates geophysical and hydrometeorological data. The Planina Cave study produced a new detailed structural map of the massif, updating geological cartography after more than 50 years. It shows how karstification both exposes and protects tectonic features, enabling high-resolution reconstructions of deformation history. Methodologically, the dissertation combines classical geological mapping with speleological and geophysical techniques, presenting the Postojna-Planina system as a dynamic environment for both long-term records and real-time monitoring. Overall, the research confirms the value of karst caves as archives of tectonic processes and as natural observatories for crustal deformation and seismic hazard assessment.Doktorska disertacija obravnava Postojnsko-planinski jamski sistem, enega največjih in najpomembnejših kraških sistemov v jugozahodni Sloveniji, kot naravni laboratorij za preučevanje tektonskih struktur, deformacijskih procesov in zakrasevanja. Ključno raziskovalno vprašanje je, ali lahko jamski sistem deluje kot geološki arhiv tektonske zgodovine območja. Z združevanjem površinskih in podzemnih podatkov ter analizo geoloških struktur študija pokaže, da jame hranijo tako zapise preteklih kot tudi sodobnih tektonskih dogajanj. Dve podrobni raziskavi, spremljanje mikro-premikov prelomov v Postojnski jami in strukturno-tektonska analiza Planinske jamepotrjujeta, da jame ohranjajo tektonske strukture v precej boljšem stanju kot površinski izdanki, kar omogoča natančnejše interpretacije večfaznega razvoja in neotektonskih deformacij. Jamski sistem se nahaja med Predjamskim in Idrijskim prelomom, v aktivni tektonski enoti, kjer se strukture in premiki odražajo v tridimenzionalnem prostoru, ki ga na površju pogosto zakrivata zakrasevanje in vegetacija. Ekstenziometri v jamah zaznavajo tudi subtilne premike v obdobjih nizke seizmičnosti, kar je pomembno za oceno potresne nevarnosti v karbonatnih območjih. Raziskava izpostavlja tudi vpliv hidroloških dejavnikov na tektonske signale ter podaja prvo 60.000 let dolgo kroniko tektonske aktivnosti v jamskem arhivu. Predlaga vzpostavitev celovitega nadzornega sistema z dodatnimi geofizikalnimi in hidro-meteorološkimi meritvami. Raziskava Planinske jame je prinesla novo strukturno-geološko karto masiva, ki bistveno nadgrajuje več kot pol stoletja stare zemljevide. Pokaže, da zakrasevanje hkrati omogoča razkrivanje in ohranjanje tektonskih značilnosti, zato so jame ključne za razumevanje geoloških procesov v kraških okoljih. Metodološko delo združuje klasično geološko kartiranje s speleološkimi in geofizikalnimi pristopi ter predstavi jamski sistem kot dinamično okolje, ki ponuja visoko ločljive zapise in sprotno spremljanje tektonske aktivnosti. Disertacija potrjuje pomen kraških jam kot arhivov geološke evolucije ter kot naravnih opazovališč za razumevanje deformacij skorje in potresne nevarnosti

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