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Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Causes, signs and treatment
Get PDFViolence against children is a common issue as well known as in Poland and the whole world. The main problem that occurs is domestic violence, which in most of the cases remains unreported, due to the shame, fear, relationship and the lack of a victim awareness. Among the maltreatment we can name three most prevalent; shocked children syndrome, sexual abuse of a child and the Munchausen syndrome by Proxy (MSbP). The purpose of this article is to describe the causes and effects of this dangerous disorder, where children become victims. We need to bare in mind that all people who interacts with children, for instance; doctors, teachers, psychologists, pedagogues may struggle this issue. Moreover they should also have knowledge about the health and surrounding conditions of a particular child. Thanks to understanding the acting of the mothers, who suffer from MSbP, we can not only protect children from further maltreatment, but also prevent them from complications and deaths. Furthermore, it will increase the probability of a medical help for mothers, like psychiatric and psychological treatment. The MSbP is a special form of the violence – a parent to gain the attention and compassion of the surrounding is able to make a physical and emotional harm to a child. There also appears the threat of child’s life, hospitalization and more over potentially harmful medical activities, not only to healthy children, but also chronically ill. As a result it may cause to exacerbation of the disease process and even more to death of a child if we could not spot the difference between the real and fabricated symptoms made by caregivers
Telemedicine devices in internal medicine and neurology
Get PDFIntroduction Monitoring of patients systems remotely with feedback send to physician and patient could be applied in many fields of medicine. Telemedicine could presumably lead to improvement of patients care and treatment both in chronic conditions and in emergency, lowering demands on costs and time resources. Material and methods Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: Telemedicine devices, telemedicine devices, neurology, cardiology. The available literature is subjectively selected. Then, the newest version of every paper was searched for. Results The most important and popular types of devices used in telemedicine in internal medicine and neurology were presented. Conclusions The development of devices in telemedicine results in an increase in effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. In addition, remote access to the results of measurements made by these devices affects the quality of treatment
Forest stand biomass of Picea spp.: an additive model that may be related to climate and civilisational changes
Get PDFSince ancient times, climate change has largely determined the fate of human civilisation, which was related mainly to changes in the structure and habitats of forest cover. In the context of current climate change, one must know the capabilities of forests to stabilise the climate by increasing biomass and carbon-depositing abilities. For this purpose, the authors compiled a database of harvest biomass (t/ha) in 900 spruce (Picea spp.) sample plots in the Eurasian area and used the methodology of multivariate regression analysis. The first attempt at modelling changes in the biomass additive component composition has been completed, according to the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. It is found that the biomass of all components increases with the increase in the mean January temperature, regardless of mean annual precipitation. In warm zonal belts with increasing precipitation, the biomass of most of the components increases. In the process of transitioning from a warm zone to a cold one, the dependence of all biomass components upon precipitation is levelled, and at a mean January temperature of ˗30°C it becomes a weak negative trend. With an increase in temperature of 1°C in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, there is a general pattern of decrease in all biomass components. With an increase in precipitation of 100 mm in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, most of the components of biomass increase in warm zonal belts, and decrease in cold ones. The development of such models for the main forest-forming species of Eurasia will make it possible to predict changes in the productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia due to climate change
6.7 GHz variability characteristics of new periodic methanol maser sources
Get PDFDiscovery of periodic maser emission was an unexpected result from monitoring observations of methanol transitions in high-mass young stellar objects. We report on the detection of five new periodic sources from a monitoring program with the Torun 32 m telescope. Variability with a period of 149 to 540 d and different patterns from sinusoidal-like to intermittent was displayed. Three-dimensional structure of G59.633−0.192 determined from the time delays of burst peaks of the spectral features and high angular resolution map implies that the emission traces a disc. For this source the 6.7 GHz light curve followed the infrared variability supporting a radiative scheme of pumping. An unusual time delay of ∼80 d occurred in G30.400−0.296 could not be explained by the light travel time and may suggest a strong differentiation of physical conditions and excitation in this deeply embedded source. Our observations suggest the intermittent variability may present a simple response of maser medium to the underlying variability induced by the accretion luminosity while other variability patterns may reflect more complex changes in the physical conditions.Narodowe Centrum Nauk
New evidence for Dicke's superradiance in the 6.7 GHz methanol spectral line in the interstellar medium
Get PDFWe present new evidence for superradiance (SR) in the methanol 6.7 GHz spectral line for three different star-forming regions: S255IR-NIRS3, G24.329+0.144, and Cepheus A. Our analysis shows that some of the flux–density flares exhibiting fast rise times and asymmetric light curves reported in these sources can naturally be explained within the context of SR. When a threshold for the inverted population column density is exceeded in a maser-hosting region, the radiation mode switches from one regulated by stimulated emission (maser) to SR. Superradiance, as a more efficient energy release mechanism, manifests itself through strong bursts of radiation emanating from spatially compact regions. Elevated inverted population densities and the initiation of SR can be due to a change in radiative pumping. Here, we show that an increase in the pump rate and the inverted population density of only a factor of a few results in a significant increase in radiation. While the changes in the pump rate can take place over a few hundred days, the rise in radiation flux density when SR is initiated is drastic and happens over a much shorter time-scale.Narodowe Centrum Nauk
The most important changes of The Civil Code within thirty years after the fall of Communism
No full textUpadek komunizmu 4 czerwca 1989 roku zapoczątkował okres licznych reform w Polsce. Wśród nich wyróżnić należy reformy prawne. Należało podjąć działania, dzięki którym zostaną wyeliminowane regulacje prawne odnoszące się do Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej. Koniecznym stało się przystosowanie polskiego prawa do standardów Europy Zachodniej.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie najważniejszych zmian, których dokonano w polskim kodeksie cywilnym w latach 1989-2019.The fall of Communism on June 4, 1989, began period of numerous modifications in Poland. Among them, legal reforms should be distinguished. It was neccessary to take measures to eliminate legal regulations relating to the Polish People's Republic. It became neccessary to adapt Polish law to the standards of Western Europe
Manuscript from Czombrów. On Issues of Editing the Philomathic Translation of the Quran
Get PDFAutorka artykułu ukazuje skomplikowane losy wspólnego projektu Tatarów polskich (m.in. Józefa Sobolewskiego) i filomatów (ks. Dionizego Chlewińskiego i Ignacego Domeyki), którego rezultatem był XIX-wieczny przekład Koranu na język polski. Wskazuje ponadto na najnowsze odkrycie, którym jest fragment rękopisu filomackiego przekładu, pochodzący z podworskiego archiwum w Czombrowie (Białoruś) i podejmuje próbę weryfikacji naukowych hipotez dotyczących XIX-wiecznych tłumaczeń świętej Księgi islamu. Przybliża także projekt krytycznej edycji tzw. rękopisu z Czombrowa.The author of the article shows the complex picture of the joint project of the Polish Tatars (including Józef Sobolewski) and philomats (priests Dionysius Chlewiński and Ignacy Domeyko), which resulted in a nineteenth-century translation of the Quran into Polish. She also points to the latest discovery, which is a fragment of the manuscript of the philomathic translation, coming from the court archive in Czombrów (Belarus) and attempts to verify the scientific hypotheses regarding the nineteenth-century translations of the holy Book of Islam. She also brings closer ideas regarding the project of critical edition of the so-called manuscript from Czombrów
Strategic partnerships, international politics and IR theory
Get PDFStrategic partnerships are the ‘new normal’ in International Relations. They emerged at the close of the twentieth century and are most likely here to stay for the decades to come. The acquis académiques on strategic partnerships is thriving in the business and economics literature, wherefrom it originates. In political science scholarship, a serious theoretical problematizing of the nature and meaning of the concept is, to a wider extent, lacking. This chapter problematizes strategic partnerships as an emerging political category and provides a thematic literature overview. It more closely addresses several domain-featured typologies of strategic partnerships as well as typologies of partnership-constitutive elements. By elucidating on the scholarly achievements and drawbacks from the so far three waves of studies on strategic partnerships, this chapter critically analyses the current situation in the field and develops a plea for a structural-functional analysis of strategic partnerships within the realist-constructivist epistemological framework.Narodowe Centrum Nauk
Teologia della scienza. Lo status quaestionis e possibili sviluppi ulteriori
Get PDFIn questo articolo si discute la specificità e l’importanza dell’idea di teologia della scienza proposta dal filosofo e teologo polacco Michał Heller, ricostruendo sommariamente i tratti salienti di questa disciplina, spiegando i temi principali di cui si occuperebbe la teologia della scienza e mostrando alcune obiezioni ad essa rivolte, allo scopo di formulare alcune osservazioni epistemologiche e proposte per un ulteriore sviluppo della disciplina.In this paper we discuss the specificity and the importance of the idea of theology of science proposed by the Polish philosopher and theologian Michał Heller, summarily reconstructing the salient features of this discipline, explaining the main themes that this branch of knowledge would deal with and showing some objections addressed to it, in order to formulate some epistemological observations and proposals for further development of the discipline
