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Proceedings in matters of labour law after the amendment to the CCP
Get PDFArtykuł jest poświęcony jest przedstawieniu zmian dokonanych ustawą 4 lipca 2019 r. oraz ustawą z 16 maja 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy - Kodeks Pracy oraz niektórych innych ustaw, ale jedynie w zakresie mającym wpływ na obecny kształt postępowania odrębnego w sprawach z zakresu prawa pracy. Dwie przywołane ustawy obejmują zarówno zmiany mające przełomowe znaczenie z punktu widzenia stosowania prawa, jak również takie o charakterze terminologicznym, jak i techniczno-organizacyjnym, mające na celu usunięcie dotychczasowych niejasności, które można uznać za porządkujące.
Przyjętą przez Autorkę kolejność omawianych zmian wyznaczają etapy postępowania w sprawach z zakresu prawa pracy. Artykuł zasadniczo koncentruje się na przedstawieniu najważniejszych zmian k.p.c., Autorka jednak nie stroni od ich oceny.The article is devoted to the presentation of changes made by the Act of July 4, 2019 and the Act of May 16, 2019 amending the Act - Labour Code and some other acts, but only to the extent that affects the current shape of separate proceedings in the matters of labour law. The two cited acts include changes that have a breakthrough significance from the point of view of applying the law, those of terminological character as well as technical and organizational ones, aimed at removing current ambiguities that can be considered as ordering.
The order of the changes adopted by the author determines the stages of proceedings in the matters related to labour law. The article essentially focuses on presenting the most important changes in the Code of Civil Procedure, but the author does not avoid their assessment
Plasmonic nanostructures for light trapping in thin-film solar cells
Get PDFThe optical properties of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) sustained by self-assembled silver nanoparticles are of great interest for enhancing light trapping in thin film photovoltaics. First, we report on a systematic investigation of the structural and the optical properties of silver nanostructures fabricated by a solid-state dewetting process on various substrates. Our study allows to identify fabrication conditions in which circular, uniformly spaced nanoparticles are obtainable. The optimized NPs are then integrated into plasmonic back reflector (PBR) structures. Second, we demonstrate a novel procedure, involving a combination of opto-electronic spectroscopic techniques, allowing for the quantification of useful and parasitic absorption in thin photovoltaic absorber deposited on top of the PBR. We achieve a significant broadband useful absorption enhancement of 90% for 0.9 um thick uc-Si:H film and demonstrate that optical losses due to plasmonic scattering are insignificant below 730 nm. Finally, we present a successful implementation of a plasmonic light trapping scheme in a thin film a-Si:H solar cell. The quantum efficiency spectra of the devices show a pronounced broadband enhancement resulting in remarkably high short circuit current densities (Jsc).EU H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014 through the POLONEZ 1 funding scheme of National Science Centre, Poland (Grant no. 665778, Fellowship no. 2015/19/P/ST5/03808)
The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657–00.127 II. Expansion of the maser structure
Get PDFTo protect the copyright in your article, the following copyright notice should be included in the credit: “Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © ESO”.
https://www.aanda.org/for-authors/author-information/copyrightContext. Ring-like distributions of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser spots at milliarcsecond scales represent a family of molecular structures of unknown origin associated with high-mass young stellar objects.
Aims: We aim to study G23.657-00.127, which has a nearly circular ring of the 6.7 GHz methanol masers, and is the most suitable target to test hypotheses on the origin of the maser rings.
Methods: The European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network was used at three epochs spanning 10.3 yr to derive the spatio-kinematical structure of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission in the target.
Results: The maser cloudlets, lying in a nearly symmetric ring, expand mainly in the radial direction with a mean velocity of 3.2 km s-1. There is an indication that the radial component of the velocity increases with cloudlet's distance from the ring centre. The tangential component does not show any clear evidence for rotation of the cloudlets or any relationship with distance from the ring centre. The blue-shifted masers may hint at an anticlockwise rotation of cloudlets in the southern part of the ring. The nearly circular structure of the ring clearly persisted for more than 10 yr. Interferometric data demonstrated that about one quarter of cloudlets show significant variability in their brightness, although the overall spectrum was non-variable in single-dish studies.
Conclusions: Taking into account the three-dimensional motion of the maser cloudlets and their spatial distribution along a small ring, we speculate about two possible scenarios where the methanol masers trace either a spherical outflow arising from an (almost) edge-on disc, or a wide angle wind at the base of a protostellar jet. The latter is associated with near- and mid-infrared emission detected towards the ring. High angular resolution images of complementary (thermal) tracers are needed to interpret the environment of methanol masers.Narodowe Centrum Nauk
Nieznany "Pan Tadeusz"
Get PDFPrzedruk z "Forum Akademickiego" nr 12, 2018.Recenzja: Maria Prussak, Teresa Rączka-Jeziorska, "Nieznany autograf Adama Mickiewicza. Dwie strony Inwokacji „Pana Tadeusza”, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa 2018
Zbiory pieśni ludowych Zygmunta Glogera z perspektywy współczesnych badań folklorystycznych
No full textAnalysis of the pension formula E=K/T
Get PDFWraz z reformą emerytalną z roku 1999 zmienił się zasadniczo sposób naliczania wysokości emerytury. Emeryturę E nalicza się według prostego wzoru:
E=K/T,
gdzie K jest sumą zwaloryzowanych składek emerytalnych oraz zwaloryzowanego kapitału emerytalnego, a T jest średnią dalszą długością trwania życia wyrażoną w miesiącach. W pracy zaproponowany jest alternatywny sposób naliczania wysokości emerytury, który także opiera się na wielkościach K oraz T. Zaproponowana formuła uwzględnia ponadto dodatnią stopę procentową(techniczną stopą procentową) równą średniej realnej stopie waloryzacji świadczeń w okresie ostatnich dwudziestu lat. W rezultacie przyjęcia proponowanej formuły wysokość emerytury jest znacząco wyższa w momencie przechodzenia na emeryturę, co w istotny sposób podnosi stopy zastąpienia. Jednocześnie waloryzacja emerytur zostaje ograniczona do waloryzacji o wskaźnik inflacji, dzięki czemu zaproponowana zmiana nie wpływa zasadniczo na finanse ZUS.The method of calculating pensions in Poland has essentially changed along with the pension system reform in 1999. Along with the new rules, an E pension is calculated with the use of a simple formula
E=K/T,
where K is the sum of indexed pension contributions and indexed initial capital and T is an average future lifetime measured in months as calculated on the basis of the Polish Life Expectancy Tables for women and men together. In the paper, a variant formula for pension calculation is proposed. The new formula is based upon the same K and T quantities. The proposed formula takes into account a positive interest rate referred to as the technical interest rate in actuarial mathematics. In the paper, the interest rate is equal to the average real annual rate of benefits indexation over the last 20 years. As a consequence of application the proposed formula, it would be necessary to reduce the benefits indexation rate to the inflation rate. However, the pension level would be higher at the moment of retirement and, in turn, the substitution level would also be higher. In essence, the proposed changes have no effects upon the financial condition of ZUS [Social Security Institution]
Plea of compensation and the manner of taking limitation into account after amendment to the CCP of 4 July 2019 in the context of the right to legal protection
Get PDFArtykuł jest poświęcony ocenie zmian w kodeksie postępowania cywilnego wprowadzonych ustawą z 4 lipca 2019 r., dotyczących zarzutu potrącenia i sposobu uwzględniania przedawnienia w postępowaniu klauzulowym i egzekucyjnym. Autorka dla właściwego zaprezentowania tego zagadnienia w pierwszej kolejności omawia stan prawny istniejący przed nowelizacją, następnie przedstawia obowiązujące unormowania, by na tej podstawie dokonać oceny rozwiązań prawnych.
Przeprowadzona analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że ustawodawca, by usprawnić przebieg postępowania i zminimalizować ryzyko nadużywania zarzutu potrącenia w praktyce stosowania prawa, doprowadził do ograniczenia zakresu zastosowania tego zarzutu (art. 2031 k.p.c.). W efekcie, w ocenie Autorki, uda się usprawnić tylko te postępowania, w których zarzut potrącenia faktycznie był nadużywany. Per saldo jednak wzrośnie liczba powództw wytaczanych na zasadach ogólnych w celu dochodzenia samoistnego roszczenia w miejsce zarzutu potrącenia, powództw wzajemnych oraz powództw opozycyjnych (art. 840 § 2 pkt 2 k.p.c.). Za nieudane rozwiązanie Autorka uznaje także dodanie do k.p.c. przepisów normujących badanie przedawnienia w postępowaniu klauzulowym i egzekucyjnym (art. 7821 § 1 pkt 2, 797 § 11, 804 § 2 i art. 825 pkt 11 k.p.c.). Przepisy te wyręczają dłużnika, nakładając na wierzyciela kolejne obowiązki, co prowadzi do zachwiania równowagi procesowej. Autorka postuluje uchylenie budzących wątpliwości interpretacyjne przepisów dotyczących przedawnienia w postępowaniu klauzulowym i egzekucyjnym.The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the Code of Civil Procedure introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019, regarding the plea of compensation and the manner of taking into account the limitation period in clause and enforcement proceedings. To present the issue properly, the author first discusses the existing legal status before the amendment of CCP, then presents the applicable regulations to assess the legal solutions. to the conclusion that in order to improve the course of proceedings and minimize the risk
The analysis leads of abuse of plea of compensation in the practice of applying the law, the legislator has limited the scope of application of this plea (Art. 2031 CCP). As a result, in author's opinion, it will be possible to improve only those proceedings in which the plea of compensation was actually abused. However, per saldo the number of actions brought on general principles to assert an independent claim in place of a plea of compensation, counterclaims and opposition actions (Art. 840 § 2 item 2 CCP) will increase. The author also considers adding provisions regulating the examination of limitation periods in clause and enforcement proceedings (Art. 7821 § 1 item 2, 797 § 11, 804 § 2 and art. 825 item 11 CCP) to the CCP as a failed solution. These provisions relieve the debtor by imposing further obligations on the creditor, which leads to imbalance the proceedings. The author postulates the repeal of provisions on limitation in clause and enforcement proceedings
Challenges around Inclusive Classroom according to Supporting Teachers: Ethnographic Report from School Cultures
Get PDFThe following article is an excerpt from the entire qualitative, ethnographic research report on the challenges existing at work of 9 supporting teachers in inclusive classrooms of 2 public schools in Poland. The research project was carried out as part of the master's thesis of the first author of the article under the supervision of the second author. The main research question analyzed in this article is: what challenges do supporting teachers have while working in the inclusive classrooms? In addition, the data was focused to obtain the answers for three detailed research questions.
Data analysis was conducted using thematic coding and categorization techniques according to Gibbs1. The study results identified 8 main categories related to the challenges indicated by 9 supporting teachers working in inclusive classrooms. These are (a) an institutional support, (b) lack of institutional support, (c) educational barriers, (d) dealing with educational barriers, (e) conflicts, (f) difficulties of supporting teachers, (g) difficulties of leading teachers, and (h) space
The Evolution of Language: Towards Gestural Hypotheses, 208 s.
Get PDFA translation of Żywiczyński, P., Wacewicz, S. (2015): Ewolucja języka. W stronę hipotez gesturalnych. Toruń, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK.
This is a submitted manuscript version. The publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form. Final published version, copyright Peter Lang Publishing: https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/62447Why is language unique? How did language come about? When did this happen? Those questions, although quite emblematic of the Western intellectual tradition since its ancient beginnings, so far have not found satisfying answers. Indeed, many still question the very possibility of addressing those basic problems of language origins with proper scientific rigour. However, an emerging consensus is that current research in the field of language evolution is in fact bearing fruit: at the very least, by making it possible to adjudicate in an informed way between those competing scenarios that are far more and far less probable. Ewolucja języka: w stronę hipotez gesturalnych (The Evolution of Language. Towards the Gestural Hypotheses) is the first monograph that presents this developing field of language evolution research to the Polish reader.
The book begins with two introductory chapters. Chapter One takes the Reader on an intellectual history tour comprised of two principal parts – a reconstruction of traditional views on the origin of language found in religious and philosophical reflection, and an account of the beginnings of naturalistic investigation that came with the birth of science in Europe. Chapter Two offers a readable introduction to the basics of general evolutionary theory and evolutionary psychology. The field of language evolution itself comes to the fore in the middle chapters: Chapter Three presents the historical and theoretical background of this field, its methods and its research agenda; and the following chapter contains a discussion of preadaptations, or preconditions for language, that is the anatomical and socio-cognitive traits that made the rise of language possible. Of these, we single out the emergence of honest and cooperative nature of linguistic communication as the key evolutionary invention en route to modern language, and we devote Chapter Five to its extended analysis. Finally, the last chapter of the book keys in on a more specific issue – the gestural, or “gesture-first”, hypotheses of language origins – and at the same time it serves as an illustration of how interdisciplinary evidence is synthesised and used argumentatively in current language evolution research.The translation, publication and editing of this book was financed by a grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland within the programme Uniwersalia 2.1 (ID: 347247, Reg. no. 21H 16 0049 84) as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities (Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki, NPRH). This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein