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Development of a hydrophilic interaction-based procedure for the extraction, separation, and determination of therapeutic oligonucleotides
No full textPreprint artykułu, który ukaże się w Analytica Chimica Acta.Background: For analyzing oligonucleotide impurities and metabolites in serum samples, where mass spectrometry detection is essential, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography utilizing fully mass spectrometry compatible mobile phases is the best choice. However, reliable analysis must be preceded by a reliable extraction method providing sufficient and repeatable recoveries. Thus, this work aimed to develop a simple and repeatable methodology for extracting and analyzing modified oligonucleotides differing in length (4mer-14mer), both under hydrophilic interaction conditions.
Results: A comprehensive retention study examining the effects of mobile phase composition and temperature on retention and peak shape was conducted for the zwitterionic and amide columns. Based on the results, the amide column was chosen for further study, mainly because the zwitterionic column does not permit elution of longer oligonucleotides (>10mer). In addition, the amide column exhibits greater robustness (minor effects of tested parameters on chromatographic performance), which ensures higher repeatability. The optimization of mass spectrometry parameters was performed to obtain the highest possible sensitivity, which is well well-known issue because of adducts formation. A validated procedure was applied to analyze enriched serum extracts - a newly synthesized amide-based sorbent was used for the dispersive solid-phase extraction. The conditions for adsorption and desorption, which are driven by a weak ion-exchange mechanism and thus by pH change, were optimized to obtain the highest recoveries.
Significance: A fully hydrophilic interaction-based procedure was utilized for the first time f extraction and analysis of a mixture of 5 modified oligonucleotides differing in length from enriched serum. This method proved to be simple, repeatable, and provides recoveries higher than 75% (RSD <5%).Narodowe Centrum Nauk
Застосування штучного інтелекту як інструменту підтримки пошуку в бібліотечному каталозі
Full text linkArchiwum Centrum Badań Mniejszości Niemieckiej - raport z badań terenowych
No full textRaport stanowi część projektu badawczego pt. "Oddziaływanie niezależnych archiwów społecznych" i opisuje archiwum społeczne prowadzone w Opolu przez Centrum Badań Mniejszości Niemieckiej - związek stowarzyszeń działających na rzecz mniejszości niemieckiej w Polsce. Działania Centrum koncentrują się na dwóch zakresach – zakresie badawczym (na zlecenie CBMN wykonywane są różnorodne działania badawcze dotyczące Niemców w Polsce) oraz zakresie archiwalnym (polegającym na dokumentowaniu historii mniejszości niemieckiej w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej organizowania się w latach 80. i po przełomie 1989/1990).
Raport zawiera następujące rozdziały:
1. Źródła i sposoby pozyskiwania informacji;
2. Ogólny profil archiwum;
3. Początki archiwum;
4. Cele i motywacje;
5. Siedziba;
6. Charakterystyka zasobu archiwalnego;
7. Działania w przestrzeni publicznej;
8. Współpraca i partnerstwa;
9. Finansowanie;
10. Osoby zaangażowane w tworzenie archiwum;
11. Gromadzenie zasobu archiwalnego;
12. Przechowywanie zasobu archiwalnego;
13. Opracowanie zasobu archiwalnego;
14. Udostępnianie zasobu archiwalnego;
15. Problemy;
16. Plany na przyszłość;
17. Miejsce w ruchu archiwistyki społecznej;
18. Bibliografia;
ZałącznikiNarodowe Centrum Nauk
Short review on currently used sample preparation and determination methods of risdiplam
Full text linkPreprint artykułu, który ukaże się w Journal of Separation ScienceRisdiplam is a new therapeutic agent developed to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. Unlike previous invasive therapies, risdiplam offers the advantage of oral administration, significantly improving patient comfort and accessibility. The review provides information on an SMA historical overview, breakthrough therapies of the development, and design of the methods used to treat SMA. We then focus on its structure and physicochemical properties. The analysis of risdiplam concentrates on developing improved analytical methods for the precise quantification of risdiplam and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry in biological samples using octadecyl stationary phases. For sample preparation, only the protein precipitation method was used. Challenges associated with the risdiplam analytics include developing a highly sensitive and selective method in biological matrices and dealing with potential interferences from the biological matrix. Future research should focus on improving analytical methods, investigating metabolite activity, and expanding our knowledge of its long-term effects.National Science Centre (Cracow, Poland) under Opus project (2023/51/B/NZ7/00537
Interconnected Cities, Integrated Markets: Exploring the Impact of Transport Networks on Labor Market Integration in the Yangtze River Delta, China
No full textPreprint artykułuThis paper examines the impact of cities' network connections on regional labor market integration in megacity‐regions. By applying a panel model to data for the Yangtze River Delta between 2014 and 2021, we analyze the impact of transport networks on labor market integration and explore the (potential) mechanisms in terms of network externalities. Our empirical analysis suggests a positive association between connectivity in transport networks and labor market integration. We also observe evidence of indirect effects: transport networks allow cities to benefit from network externalities associated with effective labor matching, specifically by reducing geographical distance restrictions and lowering matching costs, thus contributing to the increased integration of labor markets. We reflect on the broader implications of our empirical findings for regional development strategies and discuss possible avenues for further research.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72174090)
Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim - dwie dekady badań, 218 s.
No full textKsiążka zawiera syntetyczne porównanie wyników czterech projektów badawczych zrealizowanych po powstaniu w 1999 roku województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, stanowiąc swego rodzaju zwieńczenie prowadzonych przez jej autorów badań BIZ w województwie w całym dotychczasowym okresie jego istnienia. Kompleksowość tych badań, a przede wszystkim ich ciągłość w czasie czynią uzyskane wyniki oryginalnymi. Mogą być one przydatne w rozważaniach teoretycznych dotyczących międzynarodowych przepływów kapitału, mają jednak przede wszystkim wartość praktyczną, wyposażają bowiem władze województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego w unikatowy zbiór informacji, którego wykorzystanie może mieć istotne znaczenie w działaniach na rzecz rozwoju przedsiębiorczości, a zwłaszcza w polityce wobec BIZ
Amendments introduced to the Electoral Code between January 2011 and June 2025 - table
No full textKodeks wyborczy przyjęty w 2011 roku miał nie tylko ujednolicić przepisy dotyczące różnych elekcji, ale również zabezpieczyć prawo wyborcze przed instrumentalizacją i częstymi zmianami. Prawie 14 lat jego obowiązywania pozwala niestety negatywnie zweryfikować te założenia. Zmiany są częste i występują zwłaszcza w okresie okołowyborczym, pomimo wypracowanego standardu sześciomiesięcznej ciszy legislacyjnej. Zestawienie ustaw nowelizujących zawiera załączona tabela.WPiA UM
Antarctica and US policy: a strategic evolution amid global shifts
No full textThis article explores the evolution of US policy on Antarctica, focusing on its legal, environmental and geopolitical aspects. It aims to identify
changing US priorities in this regard.The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) governs the region, emphasizing peace, scientific cooperation and
environmental protection. The USA has issued four major memoranda on Antarctica in 1982, 1994, 2020 and 2024. This article highlights
growing geopolitical competition, particularly with China and Russia. China frames Antarctica as essential to its global rise, using dualpurpose
technologies that blur the line between science and strategic military interests. Similarly, Russia’s activities in the region raise concerns
about potential violations of the ATS’s peaceful purpose mandate.The USA maintains its leadership in Antarctic diplomacy, advocating for
environmental preservation and scientific cooperation. This article concludes by emphasizing the need for international collaboration to
address climate change, resource exploitation and rising strategic tensions, ensuring Antarctica remains a region dedicated to peace and
science.Narodowe Centrum Nauki, OPUS, nr projektu 2024/53/B/HS5/0027
Projection of climate change impact on the occurrence of drought events in Poland
Full text linkIn the era of human-induced climate change, droughts are one of the extreme events that can severely impact water resources, regional agriculture and the ecological environment. A reliable projection of droughts for the future is crucial with the rapid global increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts. This research aims to project the future of droughts in Poland by the end of the 21st century. To achieve this, we use a multi-model mean ensemble of 26 downscaled and bias-corrected high-resolution general circulation models (GCMs) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) scenarios from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to project changes in temperature and precipitation. Then, estimation of droughts was completed for the periods 2031–2060 and 2071–2100 according to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at three-time scales of 1, 6 and 12 months to address three types of droughts (i.e., meteorological, agricultural and hydrological, respectively). The temperature and precipitation projection revealed that temperature will increase in both future periods, which is dramatic under the SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. However, precipitation fluctuates based on scenarios with a slight increase, excluding far-future periods under SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. The projected changes in droughts based on SPEI under SSP scenarios showed a decrease in frequency in the near-future, but an increase under SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 in the far-future. The number of severe and moderate droughts is expected to rise, with a notable increase in agricultural and hydrological droughts (SPEI-6 and SPEI-12) under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5.This research was funded by a grant obtained from the National Science Centre, Poland, project (no: 2020/37/B/ST10/00710). The funding for publication costs (open-access) was provided by the “Excellence Initiative - Research University” program (IDUB) at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
Global warming affects foraging efficiency of fish by influencing mutual interference
Full text linkThis is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Augustyniak, M., Preiszner, B., Kobak, J., Czeglédi, I., Kakareko, T., Erős, T., Cuthbert, R. N., & Jermacz, Ł. (2025). Global warming affects foraging efficiency of fish by influencing mutual interference. Journal of Animal Ecology, 00, 1–11 (Early View), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70003. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions1. Predator-prey interactions underpin ecological dynamics from population to ecosystem scales, affecting population growth and influencing community stability. One of the classic methods to study these relationships is the functional response (FR) approach, measuring resource use across resource densities.
2. Global warming is known to strongly mediate consumer-resource interactions, but the relevance of prey and predator densities remains largely unknown. Elevated temperature could increase consumer energy expenditure, which needs to be compensated by greater foraging activity. However, such greater activity may concurrently result in a higher encounter rate with other consumers, which potentially affects their total pressure on resource population because of synergistic or antagonistic effects among multiple predators.
3. We performed a laboratory experiment using three densities of a fish predator (pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus) (one, two, and four specimens), two temperatures (25 and 28 oC), and six prey densities. Using the FR approach, we investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature and predator and prey density on consumer’s foraging efficiency.
4. We observed a reduced maximum feeding rate at the higher temperature for single predators. However, the foraging efficiency of predators in groups was negatively affected by antagonistic interactions between individuals and further mediated by the temperature. Specifically, we observed a general decrease in antagonistic interactions in elevated compared to the ambient water temperature for multiple predator groupings. Irrespective of temperature, antagonistic multiple predator effects increased with predator density and peaked unimodally at intermediate prey densities, indicating multiple dimensions of density-dependence which interact to supersede the effects of warming.
5. This study shows that conspecific presence negatively affects the per capita performance of predators, but that this effect is dampened with increasing temperature. Their adaptive response to temperature consists of limited food intake and further reduced intraspecific interactions. Including intraspecific competition in study design may thus offer more realistic outcomes compared to widely-used experiments with only single predator individuals, which could overestimate the effect of increasing temperature.This research was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (NCN grant No. 2020/39/D/NZ8/01226). István Czeglédi was supported by the OTKA PD 138296 grant (National Research, Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH). The use of animals in all procedures was following Hungarian law and the permit for the delivery and use of aquatic animals for scientific purposes in the HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute (permit reg. no.: VE-I-001/01890-3/2013, issued by the Food-Security and Animal Health Directorate, Governmental Office of Veszprém County, Hungary)