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Community Archives Pedagogies in Poland and the US – an attempt at a comparative study
Full text linkThe growing number of community archives, as well as the increasing scholarship on them, can be observed not only in the Anglophone countries that are most represented in the literature (especially the United Kingdom and the United States), but also in Poland. Community archives are also becoming a more recognizable ingredient of archival education. The article looks at the presence of community archives in university programs in the United States of America and Poland through six interviews conducted with archival educators from both locations teaching courses on community archives. The interviews covered among other course content and student assessment methods; challenges of teaching community archives; broader learning outcomes associated with these courses; advice for future educators. The article also tackles local contexts of community archives pedagogies in the US and Poland.Kosciuszko Foundation: The American Center of Polish Cultur
Cпілка Польських Бібліотекарів : структура та місцева діяльність. На прикладі діяльності Yніверситетського Бібліотечного Kластеру та філії у Tоруні
Full text linkInterconnected Track and Tech: The Impact of Multiplex Transport and Technology Networks on Labor Market Integration in the Yangtze River Delta, China
No full textPreprint artykułuDespite growing scholarly attention to the role of urban networks in explaining regional integration dynamics, a more explicit focus on the multiplexity of infrastructure- and knowledge-based networks is required for understanding the nuanced ways in which cities regionally integrate. Applying a panel model to data for the Yangtze River Delta for the period 2014-2021, we juxtapose the impacts of transport and technology connections on labor market integration. To this end, we abstract both types of connections into a two-layer network and explore their (potential) interplays. Our analysis reveals that while transport networks show a positive correlation with labor market integration, technology networks demonstrate a complex U-shaped effect. We also find evidence for nuanced interactions in the multiplex network: 1) cities’ connectivity in both networks leads to a U-shaped effect on labor market integration due to the dominant role of technology connections; 2) cities’ interdependencies within the two-layer network lead to synergy effects, specifically manifested as increased integration of labor markets. We reflect on the broader implications of our findings for regional development strategies and discuss possible avenues for future research
Global warming confers performance advantages to a non-native predator
No full textAnthropogenic impacts manifest in rising temperatures worldwide, with drastic consequences for communities and ecosystems. Ectotherms tend to reach a smaller size at maturity in warmer environments, however, whether these responses elicit performance advantages between native and invasive species remains poorly understood. This is of particular importance for aquatic ecosystems, where size structuring across trophic levels is profound, and effects of environmental change are exacerbated. Here, we investigated size-specific responses of aquatic predators (invasive racer goby, Babka gymnotrachelus; native European bullhead, Cottus gobio) to current and predicted future temperatures (15oC; 23oC), using a comparative functional response approach. We show that the growth rate of both predators was negatively affected by a temperature increase, but was consistently higher for the invasive species compared to the native. Specifically, at an increased temperature, all individuals of the native species lost body mass, while small individuals of the invader were still able to grow. This was driven by changes in predators’ foraging efficiency, increased in the invasive, and decreased in the native species. Fish foraging was also shaped by prey motility, with active prey consumed more often than inactive ones. The results indicate that a temperature increase may shift the competitive balance between invasive and native species, with the former being more robust to temperature increase under a limited food supply than native comparators. This could further modify the impact of invaders on the local communities, with implications for ecosystem stability.Narodowe Centrum Nauki, grant nr 2020/39/D/NZ8/0122
Feminist and queer qualitative research
No full textCelem tego tekstu jest dostarczenie osadzonych w praktyce i doświadczeniach badawczych wskazówek dotyczących tego, jak prowadzić feministyczne i queerowe badania jakościowe. Szczególną uwagę kierujemy na uruchomienie refleksji nad miejscem płci osób realizujących badania w procesie badawczym oraz nad ich pozycjonalnością względem osób uczestniczących w badaniach i w analizowanych zjawiskach. Oprócz płci zwracamy uwagę także na inne cechy i tożsamości osób uczestniczących w badaniach i je prowadzących, co podyktowane jest feministyczną wrażliwością badawczą i naszym autorskim wielogłosem. Proponujemy zapoznanie się z tematyką, rozpoczynając od perspektywy historycznej, w następnej kolejności prezentujemy główne pojęcia, które
są znaczące przy zrozumieniu specyfiki jakościowych badań feministycznych i queerowych. Pojęcia te obrazujemy poprzez empiryczne przykłady z polskich badań. W ostatniej części tekstu proponujemy rozwiązania do praktycznego zastosowania.
The aim of this text is to provide practice- and experience-embedded research guidance on how to conduct feminist and queer qualitative research. We pay a particular attention to initiating reflections on the place of the gender in the research process of those conducting the research and their positionality in relation to research participants. In addition to gender, we also pay attention to other characteristics and identities of participants and researchers, as directed by our
feminist research sensibility and authorial polyphony. We propose to explore the subject matter, beginning with a historical perspective, followed by a presentation of the main concepts which are significant in understanding the specifics of qualitative feminist and queer research. We illustrate these concepts through empirical examples from Polish research. In the last part of the text we propose solutions for practical application
The characteristic of the climate and its changes in Poland (Central Europe) in the 16th century
No full textThe paper presents the updated state of knowledge on climate and climate change in Poland (Central Europe) in the 16th century. The
multiproxy approach was utilised to improve the existing knowledge. All available quantitative climate reconstructions created since the 1990s based on biological proxies and documentary evidence were utilised for this purpose. In addition, four new reconstructions
using three dendrochronological series and a new reconstruction of temperature based on an updated extensive database
containing weather notes extracted from historical sources have been used. The cold season, especially the temperature in February
and March, has the greatest influence on the growth of conifers in lowland and upland parts of Poland. All available reconstructions based on dendrochronological data represent this time of the year. Winter temperature reconstructed for Poland was
used as the proxy for annual temperature proxies instead of the more usual use of summer temperature. Climate humidity and
changes therein were estimated using documentary evidence describing the occurrence and intensity of the precipitation. The range of humidity of seasons was estimated using a seven-degree scale (-3[extremely dry], -2 [very dry], …, +2[very wet], +3[extremely wet]).
Both thermal and pluvial extreme seasons, which were distinguished using analysis of the documentary evidence, were compared
against the list of negative and positive pointer years of Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus spp. (which are usually the result of
extreme climate conditions) available for Poland.The work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, project No. 2020/37/B/ST10/0071
The Calculus of Names—The Legacy of Jan Łukasiewicz
Full text linkWith his research on Aristotle’s syllogistic, Jan Łukasiewicz initiates the branch of logic known as the calculus of names. This field deals with axiomatic systems that analyse various fragments of the logic of names, i.e., that branch of logic that studies various forms of names and functors acting on them, as well as logical relationships between sentences in which these names and functors occur. In this work, we want not only to present the genesis of the calculus of names and its first system created by Łukasiewicz, but we also want to deliver systems that extend the first. In this work, we will also show that, from the point of view of modern logic, Łukasiewicz’s approach to the syllogistic is not the only possible one. However, this does not diminish Łukasiewicz’s role in the study of syllogism. We believe that the calculus of names is undoubtedly the legacy of Łukasiewicz.This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2021/43/B/HS1/03187
Short review on determination of nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy treatment
Full text linkPreprint artykułuNusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is an active ingredient of the first drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. A deficiency in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein causes the disease. SMN protein is required for the functioning of motor neurons and the transmission of nerve signals to muscles. Using nusinersen therapy determines the need for a pharmacokinetic and metabolic analysis of the drug. Consequently, this requires the use of various analytical techniques to study biological samples. Based on current scientific literature, encompassing publications from 2007 to 2024, the sample preparation methods for nusinersen involve liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and microextraction by packed sorbent or hybridization, which facilitate the removal of interfering components and ensure the efficient recovery of the analyte. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry is currently the primary tool used for the determination of nusinersen and its metabolites. This review discusses the latest developments in analytical methods used in nusinersen research, presents techniques for the purification of biological samples, and compares their efficiency. The use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the determination of oligonucleotides is also described. The results obtained using different chromatographic modes (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) are then summarised and compared.National Science Centre - Opus project (2023/51/B/NZ7/00537)
The same species, not the same invader: Metabolic responses of genetically distinct invasive populations of Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and their intraspecific hybrid to environmental stresses
No full text1. Climate change has a profound impact on ectotherms, which suffer suboptimum thermal conditions in their native areas or spread to previously unavailable locations. However, it is often neglected that responses to environmental changes are likely a population level, rather than species-specific phenomenon.
2. Two groups (Western and Eastern) of the invasive Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus independently spread in Europe from isolated, genetically distinct source populations living in the Danube and Dnieper deltas, respectively. They are expected to meet in the near future in Polish inland waters. This makes this species a perfect model to investigate the intraspecific variability in responses to environmental changes, as well as effects of hybridization between different genetic units on invasiveness.
3. We scaled maximal metabolic rate (MMR), standard metabolic rate (SMR), and aerobic scope (AS, a measure of physiological performance) of D. villosus at different temperatures and oxygen levels to check differences in responses to environmental changes among the distinct invasive groups and their hybrid.
4. With increasing temperature, the AS scaling exponent of the Western group decreased, whereas AS of the Eastern group was unaffected by temperature. In result, large Western group individuals showed a lower AS at a high temperature, compared to low temperature and to the Eastern group individuals. Oxygen reduction decreased MMR and AS scaling exponents regardless of amphipod group, suggesting that larger individuals experienced a greater reduction in these parameters under low oxygen conditions. Although parental groups reduced their AS in response to oxygen reduction, AS of the hybrid remained stable.
5. In conclusion, organism responses to climate change depend on intraspecific variation, which should be considered in studies related to this topic. Furthermore, D. villosus appears sensitive to oxygen deficits and temperature changes (especially the Western group and large individuals), but intraspecific hybridisation can enhance the environmental tolerance of invaders.Our study was supported by the grants of the National Science Centre, Poland No. 2018/31/D/NZ8/03061 and 2020/39/D/NZ8/0122
Role of city councils in the creation and scrutiny of international cities’ cooperation
Full text linkPreprint artykułuThe growing role of cities in international relations and their impact on nation-states have been unprecedented in recent decades. What has yet to be revealed is the part city councils play in this process. This article aims to examine whether city councils are active participants or are dominated by mayors and to classify what tools they have at their disposal to exert influence in cities’ international cooperation. The research methods include desk research of strategy documents and multiple case studies. The information was obtained primarily from the respective city councils as well as via interviews with the international affairs officers of examined cities. In conclusion, the authors state that the role of city councils in creating and scrutinizing international cooperation is relatively narrow, and the whole activity of cities is determined mainly by the mayors’ leadership and perception of international cooperation.Narodowe Centrum Nauki, grant number
2021/41/B/HS5/005