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The frequency, intensity, and origin of floods in Poland in the 11th–15th centuries based on documentary evidence
Get PDFDocumentary evidence is increasingly being recognized as a precious source for assessing flood records. We have
used this type of proxy data to identify the occurrence of floods in Poland from the 11th to the 15th centuries. In
addition, we estimated the intensity of each flood event using the best-known classifications for Europe (Barriendos
and Coeur, 2004; Br´azdil et al., 2006) and assessed their origin based on modified Lambor’s (1954)
criteria. The database of floods in Poland contains 166 occurrences in the study period. Most occurred in the 15th
century (61.4%). Of the studied regions, Silesia and the Baltic Coast and Pomerania regions were the two most
affected by flood events, each accounting for 33–34% of instances. Based on the Br´azdil et al. (2006) classification,
77 of the recorded floods are above-average or supra-regional. Also, the indexation of floods based on
Barriendos and Coeur (2004) demonstrated that 99 were extraordinary flood events. Rain and its subtypes were
the leading causes of floods, with 79 records (47.6%). Flood occurrence in Poland exhibited good spatial coherency
with neighboring countries. The updated and most complete inventory of floods in medieval Poland that
we present here with a detailed analysis of their frequency, intensity and origin, improves the existing knowledge
about this phenomenon in Central Europe. The results of this study, similarly to many other previous studies, also
confirm the great capacity for documentary evidence to provide valuable and reliable information about flood
records for the pre-instrumental period.National Science Centre, Poland, project (no: 2020/37/B/ST10/00710
From Contact Relations to Modal Operators, and Back
Get PDFOne of the standard axioms for Boolean contact algebras says that if a region
x is in contact with the join of y and z , then x is in contact with at least one of the two regions. Our intention is to examine a stronger version of this axiom according to which if x is in contact with the supremum of some family S of regions, then there is a y in S that is in contact with x. We study a modal possibility operator which is definable in complete algebras in the presence of the aforementioned axiom, and we prove that the class of complete algebras satisfying the axiom is closely related to the class of modal KTBalgebras. We also demonstrate that in the class of complete extensional contact algebras the axiom is equivalent to the statement: every region is isolated. Finally, we present an interpretation of the modal operator in the class of the so-called resolution contact algebras.This research was funded by (a) the National Science
Center (Poland), grant number 2020/39/B/HS1/00216 and (b) the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie
Sk lodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101007627
Pact of Free Cities – A New Form of European Cities’ Cooperation
Get PDFThis research was funded in whole or in part by National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2021/41/B/HS5/00526.International cooperation of cities is a crucial part of multi-level governance, yet,
nowadays, it is facing new challenges, such as the pandemic or the growing role of populist movements, not to mention the war in Ukraine. The research goal of the paper is to determine what drives cities to participate in the Pact of Free Cities and what the perspectives of such an enterprise are. To reach this goal, the authors attempt to answer questions regarding the Pact’s intentions, methods of achieving its objectives and chances to do so, possible EU interest in this kind of initiative, and chances that other cities will be inspired to follow. Do cities want to bypass governments, or are there other reasons for establishing such cooperation?
This exploratory case study aims to show a new form of city cooperation introduced by the Pact of Free Cities initiative.Narodowe Centrum Nauk
Determination of selected biogenic amines in fermented vegetables juices
Get PDFPreprint artykułuFermented vegetables and fruits are a good source of selected vitamins, antioxidants, microelements and revealed immune-boosting properties. The appropriate content of health-promoting compounds and probiotics allows you to qualify juices from fermented vegetables or fruits as better-for-you food. Notwithstanding, biogenic amines in this type of food are also detected due to the fermentation process, which may negatively affect their health-promoting
properties. In this study, various biogenic amines were determined in juices obtained during the pressing of fermented vegetables (white and red cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, cauliflowers, celery, celery leaves, broccoli, and beetroots). The level of monamines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine), diamines (putrescine, cadaverine), and polyamines (spermidine and spermine) was discussed. The significant discrepancies between all the tested determined compounds as well as the sums of the BAs in tested samples, were observed. The
calculated values of BAs sum varied from 6.36 mg·L-1 (fermented tomato juice) to 116.52 mg·L-1 (fermented cucumber juice). Among the determined amines, the majority were histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine (from 66% to 97-98% of total biogenic amines level). Moreover, depending on the type of tested juice, the amount of histamine and tyramine 2 in the full content of BAs was between 0.44% (for fermented red cabbage juice) and 68% (for fermented broccoli juice). According to our knowledge, this is the first time that the determination of biogenic amines in fermented vegetable juices has been studiedNational Science Centre, Poland
grant number 2020/39/B/NZ9/0169
Droga krzyżowa z księdzem Leonem Dzieniszem, 36 s.
Get PDFRozważania drogi krzyżowej zaczerpnięte z wydarzeń z życia ks. Leona Dzienisza (1906-1942)- pierwszego proboszcza parafii św. Antoniego w Toruniu, męczennika drugiej wojny światowej
Zabezpieczenie zabytków odkrytych w podziemiach klasztoru służące zachowaniu dziedzictwa lokalnego - folder
Get PDFFolder został sfinansowany w ramach Projektu Grantowego Lokalnej Grupy Działania "Razem dla Powiatu Radziejowskiego" realizowanego ze środków Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014-2020
Zjazd Badaczy Polonii
Get PDFOd 24 do 26 listopada 2022 r. odbywał się w Toruniu II Zjazd Badaczy Polonii – zorganizowany przez Kancelarię Prezesa Rady Ministrów oraz Bibliotekę Uniwersytecką UMK. Tekst jest zwięzłą relacją z tego wydarzenia
Proceeds of Crime, Punishment, and Libertarianism
Get PDFThis research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant number 2020/39/B/
HS5/00610. For the purposes of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author
Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.In his recent publication, Walter Block claims that disgorgement of indirect proceeds
of crime is incompatible with libertarianism. The present paper argues that Block’s claim
is incorrect. In support of this position two general arguments are offered. The first one
builds on the distinction between restitution and punishment, showing that forfeiture of assets
derived indirectly from crime would not – contra Block – result in unequal punishment under
retributive justice. The second one refers to libertarian principles of distributive justice and
demonstrates that indirect proceeds of crime are owned by the aggrieved parties. Put together,
these arguments conclusively show that the idea that indirect proceeds of crime should be
forfeited is compatible with libertarianism.Narodowe Centrum Nauki:
This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant number 2020/39/B/
HS5/00610. For the purposes of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author
Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission
Ludzkie sprawy. Kilka uwag o poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej
Get PDFO twórczości autorki Końca i początku powiedziano bardzo wiele, ale dziś – w roku, którego jest patronką – warto podkreślić nieprzemijające refleksje o człowieku tkwiące w jej poezji. Poezja liryczna Wisławy Szymborskiej wyrastała zarówno z codziennych doświadczeń autorki, jak również jej lektur i obserwacji. Jednak talent noblistki sprawiał, że przeżycia indywidualne podlegały uniwersalizacji. Właśnie dlatego wielu czytelników znajdowało i wciąż znajduje w tych utworach inspirujące treści – ze względu poruszane problemy ogólnoludzkie i ich uniwersalne przesłanie, które skłania do głębokich i wielowątkowych refleksji
O posłudze Słowa diakona stałego
No full textW Dyrektorium o posłudze i życiu diakonów stałych, czytamy, że: „Posługa diakońska została ujęta przez Sobór Watykański II w potrójnym wymiarze «diakonia liturgii, słowa i miłości». W ten sposób wyraża się udział diakona w jedynym i zarazem potrójnym munus Chrystusa w święceniu sakramentalnym” . W niniejszym tekście chcemy przypomnieć jakie przejawy posługi słowa diakona zostały wymienione w przywołanym dokumencie. Posługa diakona kojarzy nam się najczęściej w kontekście posługi miłości (caritas). Diakona stosunkowo wyraźnie rozpoznaje się w posłudze liturgii. Możemy jednak zadać pytanie: A co z jego posługą Słowa? Czasami można nawet odnieść wrażenie, że zapomina się o tym, że posługa diakona ma także wymiar posługi Słowa. W artykule przywołano następujące możliwości posługi Słowa diakona stałego: głosiciel Ewangelii, szafarz Słowa, homilia, katecheza, nowa ewangelizacja, zadanie misyjności