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Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textPoslovna zona Retfala Jug smještena je na rubu istoimenog naselja preko puta trgovačkog centra Portanova. Poslovna zgrada omeđena prometnicom na jugu i križanjem na istoku. Zgradu karakterizira ekspresivna konstrukcija koja odvlači pažnju prolazniku od Portanove, pošto se ona smatra nemjestom i poziva prolaznika da dođe u novoizgrađeno „mjesto“. Zgrada se sastoji od tornja i lamele koje međusobno povezuje konstrukcija, odnosno nosači koji izlaze i van zgrade i stvaraju novi oblik same zgrade.The business zone Retfala Jug is located on the edge of the village of the same name across from the shopping center Portanova. Office building bounded by a road to the south and an intersection to the east. The building is characterized by an expressive construction that distracts the passer-by from Portanova, as it is considered a non-place and invites the passer-by to come to the newly built "place". The building consists of a tower and a lamella that are connected to each other by a structure, i.e. supports that extend outside the building and create a new shape for the building itself
Comparison of non - linear analyses of the structure
No full textDiplomski rad temelji se na usporedbi nelinearnih analiza konstrukcija, te spoznaji njihovih prednosti i mana. U okviru rada izrađen je model realne okvirne, armiranobetonske, apartmanske zgrade uz pomoć softvera SeismoStruct2018. Prva provedena bila je statička metoda postupnog guranja s ciljem dobivanja krivulja kapaciteta nosivosti te međukatnih pomaka kako bi bilo moguće procijeniti oštećenja konstrukcije. Prilikom provedbe metode, opterećenje se nanosilo na 4 modela različitih dimenzija stupova i greda te količine armature u 2 različita slučaja: kao jednoliko raspodijeljeno i kao trokutasto raspodijeljeno. Nakon dobivenih rezultata, kao mjerodavan model odabran je Model 3, jer je pokazao najbolje ponašanje u oba slučaja opterećenja (do dosezanja granice popuštanja dolazi pri većoj sili u odnosu na ostale modele, a granična nosivost doseže se pri većim pomacima). Prilikom procjene oštećenja, vidljivo je da prilikom nanošenja opterećenja jednoliko, vrijednosti međukatnih pomaka ukazuju na značajna oštećenja konstrukcije, dok za trokutasto raspodijeljeno opterećenje ukazuju na oštećenja blizu kolapsa. Prilikom provođenja nelinearne dinamičke analize, odabran je set od 7 zapisa potresa s ubrzanjem tla 0,2g, a rezultati su očitani međukatni pomaci i pomaci u vremenu. Nakon analize, na temelju 6 mjerodavnih potresnih zapisa, određena je srednja vrijednost međukatnih pomaka, koja ukazuje na značajna oštećenja konstrukcije. Kao posljednja, provedena je inkrementalna dinamička analiza s istim setom potresa kao kod nelinearne dinamičke analize. Kao rezultat dobivene su IDA krivulje, krivulje oštetljivosti te razine oštetljivosti. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata uočljivo je kako pojedine IDA krivulje ukazuju na neelastične odgovore konstrukcije ili linearno ponašanje do sloma. Na temelju krivulja oštetljivosti i razina oštećenja, vidljivo je da postoji velika vjerojatnost pojave značajnih oštećenja. Prednosti i mane svih navedenih analiza te preporuke njihove primjene detaljno su opisane u zaključku ovog rada.The master thesis is based on the comparison of nonlinear seismic analyses of structures, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. As part of the work, a model of a realistic reinforced concrete (RC) frame apartment building was created using the SeismoStruct2018 software. The first analysis conducted was the static pushover analysis, aimed at obtaining load-bearing capacity curves and inter-story displacements to assess structural damage. During this method, loads were applied to four models with varying dimensions of columns and beams and different amounts of reinforcement in two scenarios: uniformly distributed and triangularly distributed. Based on the results, Model 3 was selected as the most relevant, demonstrating superior performance in both load cases (the yield point was reached at a higher force compared to other models, and the ultimate load capacity was achieved at greater displacements). When evaluating damage from the results, it was observed that uniform loading resulted in significant structural damage, while triangular loading indicated damage nearing collapse. This was followed by a nonlinear dynamic analysis, where a set of six earthquake records with a ground acceleration of 0.2g was used. Inter-story displacements and displacements over time were recorded. The mean value of inter-story displacements was calculated from the six seismic records, revealing significant damage as indicated in the previous analysis. Finally, an incremental dynamic analysis was conducted using the same set of earthquake records. This resulted in the generation of IDA curves, vulnerability curves, and levels of vulnerability. The results revealed that some IDA curves indicated inelastic responses of the structure or linear behavior up to failure. The vulnerability curves and damage levels indicated a high probability of significant damage, consistent with the previous analyses. The thesis concludes with a detailed discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the various analyses and offers recommendations for their application
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textGlavna ideja urbanističkog rješenja je prateći okolnu izgradnju stvoriti ugodan prostor za korisnike izmjenom građenog i prirode. Nastavno na to proizlazi koncept poslovne zgrade unutar koje se stvaraju ozelenjeni balkoni koji predstavljaju dio prirode na svakoj etaži.The main idea of urban design is to create pleasant space by interchanging nature and buildings, all while following surrounding structures. Subsequently, the concept of an office building with green balconies which symbolize a part of nature on each floor i sin direct correlation with urban design
Architectural - urban design of Retfala - south business zone
No full textZadatak završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala-jug, koja se nalazi u jugozapadnom dijelu grada Osijeka. Urbanističko rješenje sastoji se od osam poslovnih zgrada, dva tornja, pet hibridnih lamele i jedne obične lamele. U sklopu kompleksa nalaze se i hotel i tržnica, te čelična struktura koja se provlači oko organski oblikovane promenade koja prolazi središtem kompleksa. Koncept rješenja poslovne zgrade usko je povezan s tematskim promatranjem samog kompleksa. U poslovnoj zgradi, lamela postaje prozračan dio izveden u čeličnoj konstrukciji, predstavljajući točku susreta i komunikacije ljudi, a kao motiv promenade u urbanizmu donosi ravnotežu. Lamela preuzima funkciju društvenih događanja i cirkulacije ljudi. Fasadu čini zelenilo koje se penje oko tornjeva, unoseći prirodu unutar same zgrade. Središte tornjeva predviđeno je kao mjesto za ljudske susrete i komunikaciju. Odjeli su povezani internim stubištem koje se vrti oko fleksibilnog prostora za sastanke i neformalne susrete, iznad kojeg se otvaraju galerije gornjih etaža, čime se prostor čini povezanijim i humanijim.The final project task is the urban and architectural solution for the Retfala-South business zone, located in the southwestern part of the city of Osijek. The urban design consists of eight business buildings, two towers, five hybrid lamellas, and one regular lamella. The complex also includes a hotel and a market, as well as a steel structure that winds around an organically shaped promenade passing through the center of the complex. The concept of the business building design is closely connected to the thematic observation of the complex itself. In the business building, the lamella becomes an airy element constructed in steel, serving as a meeting and communication point for people, just as the promenade motif in urbanism brings balance. The lamella takes on the function of social events and the circulation of people. The facade is formed by greenery that climbs around the towers, bringing nature into the building itself. The center of the towers is designed as a place for human meetings and communication. Departments are connected by an internal staircase winding around a flexible space for meetings and informal gatherings, above which galleries from the upper floors open up to make the space more connected and humane
Changes in the morphological structure of the streets of Osijek
No full textUlica je ključni element gradskog prostora koji služi povezivanju prostora i društvenim aktivnostima. Kroz povijest, ulica se prilagođavala lokalnim karakteristikama, no s vremenom slika ulice počela se sve više podređivati tehničkim kriterijima. Ovaj rad istražuje povijesni razvoj ulice, njezine dijelove te oblikovne faktore koji utječu na sliku ulice. Uz to, navode se i razrađuju uzorci ulica u gradu s obzirom na njihovu namjenu. Grad Osijek nastao je na uzvišenju uz rijeku Dravu, a njegova strateška pozicija kroz povijest privukla je mnoge osvajače. Od rimskog naselja Mursa, grad se razvio u značajno srednjovjekovno i osmansko
središte. Tijekom stoljeća prošao je brojne transformacije, uključujući osmansku okupaciju te modernizaciju u 18. i 19. stoljeću. Strossmayerova ulica, koja je pratila ovaj razvoj, danas je jedna od ključnih ulica grada, važna za promet i urbani život Osijeka. Analiza morfološke strukture Strossmayerove ulice obuhvaća brojna obilježja, od položaja kuća u odnosu na ulicu sve do starosti zgrada i oblika krovova. Generalni urbanistički plan (u daljenjem tekstu GUP) za odabrani dio Strossmayerove ulice propisuje pravila pozicioniranja građevina i minimalni broj etaža objekata. Nadalje, u analizi dijela ulice razrađuje se korištenje i namjena prostora, oblici korištenja te način gradnje. Analiza se završava obradom prikupljenih podataka o koeficijentima iskorištenosti i izgrađenosti te katnosti objekata. Za kraj, predložen je plan za poboljšanje trenutnog stanja analiziranog dijela Strossmayerove ulice u tri faze. Cilj ovog rada prikazati je zabilježene i dostupne promjene u morfološkoj strukturi ulica grada Osijeka na primjeru analiziranog dijela Strossmayerove ulice.A street is a key element of urban space for spatial connectivity and social activities. Throughout history, streets have adapted to local characteristics, but over time, street image has increasingly been influenced by technical criteria. This paper explores the historical development of streets, their components, and the design factors that shape the image of the
street. Additionally, it discusses and elaborates on the different street patterns in the city based on their purpose. The city of Osijek was founded on an elevated area along the Drava River, its strategic position throughout history attracted many conquerors. From the Roman settlement of Mursa, the city developed into a significant medieval and Ottoman center. Over the centuries, it underwent numerous transformations, including Ottoman occupation and modernization in the 18th and 19th centuries. Strossmayer Street, which followed this development, is today one of the city’s key streets, important for traffic and urban life in Osijek. The analysis of the morphological structure of Strossmayer Street encompasses various
features, from the positioning of houses in relation to the street to the building age and roof shapes. The General Urban Plan (hereafter referred to as GUP) for the selected part of Strossmayer Street prescribes regulations for the positioning of buildings and the minimum number of building floors. Furthermore, the analysis of this part of the street elaborates on the
use and purpose of the land, forms of use, and construction methods. The study concludes with the processing of collected data on floor area ratio (FAR) and floor space ratio (FSR), as well as the number of building floors. Finally, a three-phase plan is proposed to improve the current state of the analyzed part of Strossmayer Street. This paper aims to present the recorded and available changes in the morphological structure of Osijek’s streets, using the analyzed part of
Strossmayer Street
Structural analysis and design of the reinforced concrete structure of a City archive
No full textProveden je statički proračun te postupak dimenzioniranja ploča i greda armiranobetonske konstrukcije trokatne zgrade gradskog arhiva primjenom računalnog programa Excel. Temeljem provednog proračuna sukladno Eurokod normama, u obje stropne promatrane ploče ugrađena je jednaka armaturna mreža tipa Q, a u krovnoj ploči ugrađuje se armaturna mreža tipa R. Stropna ploča je nosiva u dva smjera, a krovna ploča nosiva je u jednom smjeru. U programu Excel napravljen je proračun koji promjenom ulaznih parametara vraća nove izlazne vrijednosti. Usvojene ploštine armaturne mreže približno su jednake medijanu od najmanje dopuštene, potrebne i najveće dopuštene ploštine armature. Usvojene ploštine armaturnih šipki u presjecima stropnih ploča iznad oslonaca približno su jednake potrebnoj ploštini armature.The static calculation and dimensioning of the slabs and beams of the reinforced concrete structure of the three-storey building of the city archive was carried out using the computer programme Excel. On the basis of the calculations carried out in accordance with Eurocode standards, the same type Q reinforcement mesh is installed in both ceiling slabs under consideration and type R reinforcement mesh in the roof slab. The ceiling slab is load-bearing in two directions, the roof slab is load-bearing in one direction. A calculation was carried out in Excel, which provides new output values if you change the input parameters. The adopted areas of the reinforcement meshes correspond approximately to the mean value of the smallest, required and largest permissible areas of the reinforcement. The adopted areas of the reinforcement bars in the sections of the floor slabs above the supports are approximately equal to the required area of the reinforcement
Thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry elements of Petrinja cultural heritage buildings
No full textOvaj završni rad posvećen je koeficijentu toplinske vodljivosti λ (W/mK), jednom od ključnih parametara koji utječe na prijenos topline kroz materijale. Moja zadaća je istražiti osnove, metode mjerenja, primjene i napredne koncepte koje vežemo uz navedeni koeficijent. Nadalje, dotaknuti ću se i njegove uloge u građevinarstvu do primjene u razvoju novih materijala ali kako koeficijent toplinske vodljivosti ima širok spektar primjena, vrlo je važan i u projektiranju učinkovitijih sustava i materijala. Dakle, poznavanje načina na koji opekarski elementi prenose toplinu te kakva svojstva imaju na svakodnevne primjene i budućnost tehnoloških inovacija vrlo je bitna i složena tema te je nužno njeno poznavanje i razumijevanje. Osim ključnih činjenica koje vežemo uz koeficijent toplinske vodljivosti, u ovome završnom radu provest ću i laboratorijska ispitivanja koeficijenta toplinske vodljivosti zidnih elementa zgrada kulturnog dobra grada Petrinje na ispitnim uzorcima prikupljenim na terenu u 2 zgrade koje pripadaju periodu gradnje od kraja 18. do početka 19. stoljeća. Dobiveni rezultati ispitivanja predstavit će doprinos postojećoj bazi podataka te time omogućiti i praktičnu primjenu pri procjeni energetske učinkovitosti i obnove zgrada kulturnog doba.This final paper is dedicated to the thermal conductivity coefficient: λ (lambda), one of the critical parameters that affect heat transfer through different materials. My task is to investigate the basics, measurement methods, applications and advanced concepts related to the mentioned parameter. Furthermore, I will also touch on its role in construction and application in developing new materials. However, as the coefficient of thermal conductivity has a wide range of applications, it is also essential in the design of more efficient systems and materials. Therefore, knowing how brick elements transfer heat and their properties for everyday applications and the future of technological innovations is a critical and complex topic, and it is necessary to know and understand it. In addition to the critical facts related to the coefficient of therman conductivity, in this final paper, I will also conduct laboratory tests of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry elements of buildings of Petrinja cultural heritage on test samples collected in the field in 2 buildings belonging to the period of construction from the late 18th and beginning of the 18th century. The obtained test results will contribute to the existing database and thus enable practical application is assessing energy efficiency and renovating buildings from the cultural era
Hydraulic jump and its function
No full textU ovom završnom radu prikazana je tema vodnog, odnosno hidrauličkog skoka i njegove funkcije, te je objašnjeno kada i zbog čega zapravo dolazi do njegove pojave. Kroz samu obradu vodnog skoka opisane su neke od njegovih osnovnih karakteristika poput spregnute dubine, visine i dužine vodnog skoka. Prikazane su i funkcije vodnog skoka, odnosno obrađene su teme slapišta, kaskada, disipacije energije u vodnom skoku te sam utjecaj vodnog skoka na daljnji tok. Navedene teme dodatno su potkrijepljene raznim primjerima u vidu fotografija. Na samom kraju ovog završnog rada prikazano je ispitivanje iz laboratorija. U ispitivanju je na demonstracijskom modelu prikazano kako se ponaša vodni skok ovisno o brzini tečenja i veličini protoka te je donešen zaključak u skladu sa ispitivanjem. Cilj ovoga završnoga rada bio je na jednostavan način pojasniti sam pojam vodnoga skoka te prikazati oblike njegove pojave i utjecaj njegove energije na okoliš. Još jedan od ciljeva bio je razumjeti zašto je uopće vodni skok važan te kako možemo oblikovati slapišta sa svrhom kontrole velike disipacije energije do koje dolazi upravo zbog pojave vodnog skoka.This final paper presents the topic of hydraulic jump and its function, explaining when and why it occurs. Through the analysis of the hydraulic jump, some of its basic characteristics—such as conjugate depths, height, and length—are described. The functions of the hydraulic jump are also presented, addressing topics such as weirs, cascades, energy dissipation, and the jump's impact on downstream flow. These topics are further illustrated with various examples in the form of photographs. At the end of the paper, a laboratory experiment is described, demonstrating how the hydraulic jump behaves depending on flow velocity and discharge rate. A conclusion was drawn based on the experiment's results. The aim of this final paper was to explain the concept of the hydraulic jump in a simple way, to show the different forms it can take, and to illustrate its environmental impact. Another goal was to understand the importance of the hydraulic jump and how we can design weirs to control the significant energy dissipation that occurs as a result of the hydraulic jump
Window and glass production technology
No full texttaklo je jedan od osnovnih materijala za izradu prozora. U radu je opisano staklo kao građevinski materijal koji ima značajan utjecaj u građevinarstvu i arhitekturi ne samo zbog svojih funkcionalnih karakteristika, već i zbog estetskih i energetskih svojstava. Opisan je povijesni razvoj stakla i prozora te način njihove proizvodnje. Nakon proizvodnje prikazana je tehnologija ugradnje prozora i stakla. Različite vrste stakla i okvira prozora omogućuju bolju estetsku prilagođenost okolini. Staklo je svestran materijal pa su radom opisane samo neke od njegovih primjena. Na kraju, recikliranje stakla i prozora je važan proces koji doprinosi očuvanju prirodnih resursa, smanjenju otpada i energetskoj učinkovitosti. Tako je staklo danas jedan od najrecikliranijih materijala na svijetu.Glass is one of the basic materials for making windows. The paper describes glass as a building material that has a significant impact in construction and architecture not only because of its functional characteristics, but also because of its aesthetic and energy properties. The historical development of glass and windows and the method of their production are described. After production, the window and glass installation technology was presented. Different types of glass and window frames enable a better aesthetic adaptation to the environment. Glass is a versatile material, so the work describes some of its applications. Finally, glass and window recycling is an important process that contributes to the conservation of natural resources, waste reduction and energy efficiency. Thus, glass is one of the most recycled materials in the world today
Communication strategy and communication plan of the construction project
No full textOvaj rad bavi se problematikom komunikacijskog plana i komunikacijske strategije u građevinarstvu, detaljno analizirajući njihove ključne izazove te primjenu u praksi. Komunikacijski plan i strategija predstavljaju temeljne elemente za uspješno upravljanje projektima u građevinskoj industriji, ali u praksi često dolazi do problema poput nejasnih ciljeva, nedovoljno definirane odgovornosti i neusklađenosti među dionicima. Ovi problemi mogu uzrokovati nesporazume, kašnjenja i značajno povećanje troškova. Iako teorijski okviri nude strukturirana rješenja, ona se ne podudaraju uvijek s realnim izazovima na terenu s kojima se projektni timovi suočavaju. U radu se također opisuju ključne komunikacijske kompetencije voditelja projekta u građevinarstvu, uključujući sposobnost učinkovite koordinacije među različitim dionicima, jasno i pravovremeno prenošenje informacija te upravljanje očekivanjima svih uključenih strana. Analiza pokazuje da je povezanost između teorijskih znanja i praktičnih vještina od presudne važnosti za uspješnu komunikaciju i upravljanje projektima u građevinskoj industriji. Spajanje teorijskih smjernica s praktičnim iskustvima omogućuje voditeljima projekata da se uspješno nose s izazovima te osiguraju uspješnu realizaciju projekata.This paper addresses the issue of communication plans and strategies in the construction industry, thoroughly analyzing their key challenges and practical application. Communication plans and strategies are fundamental elements for successful project management in the construction industry. However, in practice, problems such as unclear goals, poorly defined responsibilities, and misalignment among stakeholders often arise. These issues can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and significant cost increases. Although theoretical frameworks offer structured solutions, they do not always align with the real challenges faced by project teams on the ground. The paper also describes the key communication competencies of a project manager in construction, including the ability to effectively coordinate among various stakeholders, convey information clearly and timely, and manage the expectations of all involved parties. The analysis demonstrates that the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical skills is crucial for successful communication and project management in the construction industry. Integrating theoretical guidelines with practical experience enables project managers to effectively handle challenges and ensure the successful completion of projects