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The influence of recycled concrete as an aggregate on concrete properties
No full textU građevinarstvu se generira velika količina otpada koji predstavlja izazov za zbrinjavanje i često zahtijeva znatne površine za odlaganje. Stoga je recikliranje građevinskog otpada postalo imperativ. U fokusu ovog diplomskog rada stoji istraživanje primjene recikliranog betona umjesto tradicionalnih agregata te analiza kako ta promjena utječe na karakteristike betona. Istraživanje započinje postupkom usitnjavanja otpadnog betona te daljnjim prosijavanjem i razvrstavanjem agregata po frakcijama. Na temelju proračuna kreirani su sastavi četiri betonske mješavine, pri čemu jedna mješavina služi kao referentna bez recikliranog agregata, dok su preostale tri mješavine uključivale reciklirani agregat u različitim omjerima. Proces izrade betonskih mješavina temelji se na preciznom sastavu definiranom proračunom. Dalje se istražuju ključna svojstva betona u svježem i očvrslom stanju, uključujući ispitivanja slijeganja betona, tlačnu čvrstoću, statički modul elastičnosti, skupljanje betona te vodonepropusnost betona, s ciljem
procjene utjecaja recikliranog agregata na svojstva betona. Korištenjem eksperimentalnih metoda testiranja, rezultati se uspoređuju s konvencionalnim betonom, pružajući dublji uvid u potencijalne prednosti i nedostatke primjene recikliranog betona u različitim građevinskim projektima.A large amount of waste is generated in the construction industry, which is a challenge to dispose of and often requires considerable areas for disposal. Therefore, the recycling of construction waste has become imperative. The focus of this thesis is research on the use of recycled concrete instead of traditional aggregates and the analysis of how this change affects the characteristics of concrete. The research begins with shredding waste concrete and further sieving and sorting aggregates into fractions. Based on the calculation, the compositions of four concrete mixes were created, with one mix serving as a reference without recycled aggregate. In comparison, the remaining three mixes included recycled aggregate in different proportions. Making concrete mixes is based on the precise composition defined by the calculation. Key properties of fresh and hardened concrete are further investigated, including concrete slump tests, compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity, concrete shrinkage, and concrete water tightness, to assess the impact of recycled aggregate on concrete properties. Using experimental testing methods, the results are compared with conventional concrete, providing a deeper insight into the potential advantages and disadvantages of using recycled concrete in various construction projects
Properties of foam concrete with recycled aggregate
No full textOvaj rad istražuje utjecaj različitih vrsta recikliranih agregata na svojstva pjenobetona, uključujući gustoću, tlačnu čvrstoću, trajnost te toplinsku i zvučnu izolaciju. Analizom su obuhvaćeni materijali poput stakla, plastike, keramike, drva, gume i recikliranog betona kao zamjena za fini riječni pijesak. Pjenobeton, poznat po svojoj niskoj gustoći i izvrsnim izolacijskim svojstvima, može smanjiti upotrebu prirodnih resursa i količinu otpada. Rad pruža pregled potencijala i ograničenja korištenja recikliranih agregata u pjenobetonu, te nudi preporuke za njihovu primjenu u građevinskim konstrukcijama, s ciljem poboljšanja ekoloških i ekonomskih aspekata građevinske industrije.This paper explores the impact of different types of recycled aggregates on the properties of foamed concrete, including density, compressive strength, durability, and thermal and acoustic insulation. The analysis includes materials such as glass, plastic, ceramics, wood, rubber, and recycled concrete as substitutes for fine river sand. Foamed concrete, known for its
low density and excellent insulation properties, can reduce the use of natural resources and the amount of waste. The paper provides an overview of the potential and limitations of using recycled aggregates in foamed concrete and offers recommendations for their application in construction, aiming to improve the ecological and economic aspects of the construction industry
Reconstruction of existing and construction of new traffic areas in the Krapina settlement in Osijek
No full textRekonstrukcija Krapinskog naselja nužna je za poboljšanje kvalitete života stanovnika. Postojeće prometne površine u osječkom Krapinskom naselju su u lošem stanju; asfaltni kolnik je ispucao, a elementi odvodnje zahtijevaju obnovu. Projektom je predviđena rekonstrukcija kolnika širine 4,5 metara, predviđenog za jednosmjerni promet, osim dijela kod ulaza u naselje, gdje će promet biti dvosmjeran. Predviđeno je 54 parkirališna mjesta, uključujući 3 mjesta prilagođena za osobe s invaliditetom. Planirana je i izvedba novog sustava za odvodnju oborinskih voda. Drugi dio rada prikazuje Krapinsko naselje nakon rekonstrukcije, uz priložene dijelove projekta kao što su situacijski plan te poprečni i uzdužni presjeci
Design of a steel frame structure
No full textZadatak završnog rada je proračun glavnog čeličnog punostjenog nosača industrijske hale smještene u Zagrebu. Hala je širine 18 metara i dužine 35 metara, visina stupa je 10 metara te ukupna visina hale iznosi 10,95 metara, sa nagibom krovne plohe od 6°.Rad se sastoji od analize opterećenja, proračuna predmetnog nosača te izrade grafičkog priloga. Stupovi hale izvode se od HEB čeličnih profila, gornji i donji pojas rešetke izvode se od HEA čeličnih profila, a ispuna je od kvadratnih šupljih profila. Svi elementi hale izvode se od čelika kvalitete S355. Statički proračun proveden je na ravninskom modelu u programu Autodesk Robot
Structural Analysis,The task of the final project is the calculation of the main steel plate girder for an industrial hall located in Zagreb. The hall has a width of 18 meters and a length of 35 meters, with a column height of 10 meters, and the total height of the hall is 10.95 meters, with a roof slope of 6°. The project consists of a load analysis, the calculation of the subject girder, and the creation of a graphical attachment. The columns of the hall are made of HEB steel profiles, the upper and lower chords of the truss are made of HEA steel profiles, and the infill consists of square hollow profiles. All elements of the hall are made of S355 grade steel. The static calculation was performed on a planar model in the Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis software
Hydrological analysis of the Sava river
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je hidrološka analiza rijeke Save koja se temelji na analizi srednjih dnevnih vodostaja. Podatci vodostaja su dobiveni od Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda (DHMZ) i to za dvije mjerne postaje koje se nalaze na području Slavonskog Šamca, Slavonski Šamac - Most i Slavonski Šamac - Sava. U ovom završnom radu su dane i osnovne informacije o rijeci Savi, te podatci o vodomjernim stanicama Slavonski Šamac - Sava i Slavonski Šamac - Most. Analizirani su vodostaji na mjernoj postaji Slavonski Šamac - Most za razdoblje od 2019. do 2023., a na mjernoj stanici Slavonski Šamac - Sava od 2010. do 2022. Godine. Rezultati analize vodostaja prikazani su u obliku nivograma i krivulja trajanja i učestalosti. Za analizu korišten je program Microsoft 365 Excel
The influence of 1.5% to 3% carbon nanotubes in mortar on its physical - mechanical and electromagnetic properties
No full textUvođenje ugljikovih nanocjevčica (CNT) u građevinske materijale predstavlja jedno od najnovijih istraživanja u građevinarstvu, s ciljem poboljšanja njihovih svojstava. Ovaj rad istražuje utjecaj dodatka ugljikovih nanocjevčica u koncentracijama od 1,5% do 3% na fizikalno-mehanička i elektromagnetska svojstva morta. Ugljikove nanocjevčice su cilindrične nanostrukture sastavljene od atoma ugljika, koje se odlikuju izvanrednim mehaničkim, električnim i termalnim svojstvima. Zbog svojih jedinstvenih svojstava, CNT su pronašle primjenu u raznim poljima, uključujući elektroniku, medicinu, energiju i građevinarstvo. Mort, kao jedan od najčešće korištenih građevinskih materijala, sastoji se od cementa, pijeska i vode. Njegova svojstva poput čvrstoće i elastičnosti su od ključne važnosti za njegovu primjenu u građevinskim strukturama. Dodavanjem CNT-a u mort, očekuje se poboljšanje tih svojstava zbog visokih mehaničkih i električnih svojstava nanocjevčica. Integracija CNT-a u mort zahtijeva pažljivu pripremu i disperziju, kako bi se osigurala ravnomjerna raspodjela unutar materijala. Kvaliteta disperzije direktno utječe na konačna svojstva morta.The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in building materials represents one of the latest research in construction, with the aim of improving their properties. This paper investigates the effect of the addition of carbon nanotubes in concentrations from 1.5% to 3% on the physico-mechanical and electromagnetic properties of the mortar. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical nanostructures composed of carbon atoms, which are characterized by extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Due to their unique properties, CNTs have found applications in a variety of fields, including electronics, medicine, energy, and construction. Mortar, as one of the most commonly used building materials, consists of cement, sand and water. Its properties such as compressive strength and elasticity are essential for its application in building structures. By adding CNTs to the mortar, these properties are expected to improve due to the high mechanical and electrical properties of the nanotubes. The quality of the dispersion directly affects the final properties of the mortar
Curves of duration and frequency of water level and flow
No full textOvaj završni rad obuhvaća izradu krivulje trajanja i učestalosti vodostaja i protoka rijeke Save, na hidrološkoj postaji Zagreb. Također sadrži sve ostale potrebne podatke za izradu istih kao što su dnevni vodostaji i dnevni protoci. Objašnjena je važnost odnosa vodostaja i protoka te načine mjerenja istih te je uz to prikazana protočna krivulja.This final paper includes the creation of a curve of the duration and frequency of the water level and flow of the Sava River, at the Zagreb hydrological station. It also contains all other necessary data for the curve creation, such as daily water levels and daily flows. The importance of the relationship between water level and flow and the methods of measuring them are explained, and flow curve is show
Design of steel structure of an office building
No full textSteel structures are the preferred choice for constructing office buildings due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the ability to create large open spaces, and the speed of construction. Considering the advantages of steel and design concepts for office buildings—such as modularity in both horizontal and vertical directions, minimum clear height for offices, and room depth limitations to ensure natural lighting—a steel office building has been designed in the Osijek area. The building has a rectangular floor plan and consists of two stories, each with a height of 4.00 meters. The structural system comprises five unbraced frames connected by secondary beams. The structural elements of the internal frame have been dimensioned and are also adopted for the external frame. Primary and secondary beams are constructed from steel IPE profiles, while the columns are made from steel HEB profiles. The inter-floor structure consists of a reinforced concrete slab supported by secondary beams, acting as a rigid diaphragm that ensures lateral stability of the secondary beams. To assess the impact of joint behavior on the global analysis of the structure, a unilateral connection between the column and beam and a bilateral connection between the column and beam were dimensioned using the component method. The fundamental characteristics of these connections were implemented into the global structural model to analyze their influence on the distribution of shear forces and deformations. The static calculation was performed on a planar model, and the behavior of the structure was verified using a spatial model with the SCIA Engineer software.Steel structures are the preferred choice for constructing office buildings due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the ability to create large and open spaces, and the speed of construction itself. Considering the advantages of steel and the design concepts of office buildings such as modularity in both horizontal and vertical directions, minimal office ceiling heights, and room depth limitations due to the provision of natural lighting, a steel office building was constructed in Osijek. It has a rectangular floor plan and consists of two floors, each 4.00 meters high. The structural system consists of five unbraced frames connected by secondary beams. The structural elements of the inner frame are dimensioned, and sections are applied for the outer frame as well. The main and secondary beams are IPE sections, while the columns are HEB sections. The floor structure consists of a reinforced concrete slab that rests on the secondary beams and acts as a rigid diaphragm that ensures the lateral stability of the secondary beams. In order to consider the impact of the connection behavior on the global structure analysis, one-sided column-to-beam connection and two-sided column-to-beam connection were designed using the component method. The main characteristics of the connections were implemented in the global structural model and their effect on the distribution of internal forces and deformations was analyzed. Static calculations on the planar model and evaluation of the structure's behavior in the spatial model were performed using the SCIA Engineer software
Retaining walls stability check
No full textTema završnog rada je proračun stabilnosti potpornih zidova. U radu su detaljno opisane značajke najznačajnijih tlakova u tlu, te su spomenute dodatne teorije tlakova koje koristi programski paket GEO5. Detaljno je prikazan proračun stabilnosti (provjera na klizanje, prevrtanje i nosivost tla) analitičkim proračunom te programskim paketom GEO5. Proračunski dokaz stabilnosti proveden je za dva tipa potpornih konstrukcija (gravitacijski i armirano betonski zid). Prikazan je i opisan način dimenzioniranja potporne konstrukcije za osiguranje denivelacije visine H. Teorijski i proračunski obrađene su teorije tlakova na potporne zidove, teorija Rankine-a i teorija Coulomb-a. Na kraju je prikazana usporedba rezultata koji su dobivenih analitički sa rezultatima iz programa GEO5.The subject of the final paper is the calculation of the stability of retaining walls. The paper describes in detail the features of the most significant pressures in the soil, and additional pressure theories used by the GEO5 program package are mentioned. The calculation of stability (checking for sliding, overturning and bearing capacity of the soil) is presented in detail using analytical calculations and the GEO5 software package. The calculation proof of stability was carried out for two types of supporting structures (gravity and reinforced concrete wall). The method of dimensioning the support structure to ensure the unevenness of the height H is shown and described. Theoretically and computationally, the theories of pressures on retaining walls, Rankine theory and Coulomb theory are treated. At the end, a comparison of the results obtained analytically with the results from the GEO5 program is presented
The linear static systems on structures
No full textSvaka konstrukcija ima svoj proračunski model iz kojeg se proračunavaju njene vanjske i unutarnje sile, deformacije i progibi te iz kojeg se određuje poprečni presjek svakog elementa te konstrukcije, a samim time i utrošak potrebnog materijala. Ovaj rad bazira se na prikazu proračunskih modela kao linijskih statičkih sustava. Kako bi to razumjeli, objašnjena je klasifikacija proračunskih shema konstrukcija s naglaskom na štapne, odnosno linijske sisteme. U ovom radu uz teorijsku podlogu dani su primjeri konstrukcija gdje su prikazani njihovi statički sustavi, te su u zadnjem poglavlju dana 2 primjera od kojih svaki ima ponuđeno više
varijanta proračunskih modela. Svaki je primjer analiziran te je na temelju rezultata donesen zaključak o tome koji je model konstrukcije najpovoljniji.Each construction has its own design process from which its external and internal forces, deformations and deflections are calculated and from which the cross-section of each element of that construction is determined, and thus the consumption of the necessary material. This paper is based on the presentation of designs as linear static systems. In order to understand this, the classification of structural design schemes is explained with an emphasis on rod and line systems. In this paper, in addition to the theoretical basis, examples of constructions are given where their static systems are presented, and in the last chapter, 2 examples are given, each of which offers several variants of.designs. Each example was analyzed and, based on the results, a conclusion was reached about which design is the most favorable