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Application of the BIM concept for modeling and simulation of technological production processes and construction site layout
No full textDiplomskim radom obuhvaćen je teorijski i praktični dio primjene BIM koncepta za modeliranje i simulaciju tehnoloških proizvodnih procesa i uređenja gradilišta. U prvom poglavlju, odnosno uvodu, kratko su objašnjene teme koje se obrađuju u diplomskom radu. Drugo poglavlje opisuje tradicionalne metode modeliranja uređenja gradilišta, objašnjena je važnost projekta organizacije gradilišta. Opisan je plan uređenja gradilišta te glavni elementi gradilišta, radionice, skladišta, transport i prometnice na gradilištu, opskrba vodom i električnom energijom. Definiran je pojam BIM-a, BIM modela, BIM elementa i objašnjena razina razvijenosti odnosno podjela elemenata BIM modela. Opisan je postupak primjene 4D BIM, dimenzije vremena za planiranje i uređenje gradilišta te praćenje građenja. Navedene su prednosti 4D BIM-a. Opisana je svrha simulacije i vizualizacije kod faznosti građenja i objašnjena je metodologija procjene kolizija. U trećem dijelu, praktičnom, predstavljena je studija slučaja izrade BIM 3D modela AB zgrade i simulacija organizacije i uređenja gradilišta tijekom izgradnje građevine. Opisane su dane podloge i navedeni svi važni podaci. Prikazani su izrađeni modeli strojeva i elemenata na gradilištu; bager, kiper, toranjska dizalica, crpka za beton, automješalica, skladište, skela, gradilišni ured, sanitarni čvor, zaštitarska kabina i ograda. Navedene su faze izgradnje i prikazan je proces promjene uređenjagradilišta tijekom izgradnje građevine. Prikazana je simulacija izgradnje u vizualizacijskom softveru Twinmotion 2024.1. Četvrto poglavlje odnosi se na diskusiju izrade 3D modela i simulacije te nedostatke koji su zamijećeni. Na kraju, odnosno petom poglavlju dan je zaključak do kojeg se došlo nakon izrađenog praktičnog i teoretskog dijela ovog diplomskog rada.This thesis covers the theoretical and practical part of the application of the BIM concept for modeling and simulation of technological production processes and construction site layout. In the first chapter, that is, the introduction, the topics covered in this thesis are briefly explained. The second chapter describes the traditional methods of modelling the construction site, the importance of the construction site organization project is explained. The layout plan of the construction site and the elements of the construction site, workshops, warehouses, transport, roads on the construction site, and water and electricity supply are described. The concept of BIM, BIM model, and BIM element is defined, and the level of development or division of BIM model elements is explained. The procedure for applying 4D BIM, the dimensions of time for planning and arranging the construction site, and construction monitoring are described. The advantages of 4D BIM are listed. The purpose of simulation and visualization in construction phasing is described, and the methodology of clash detection is explained. In the third, practical part, a case study of the creation of a BIM 3D model of the AB building and a simulation of the organization and arrangement of the construction site during the construction of the building are presented. The given data is described, and all important information is listed. Made models of machines and elements on the construction site are shown: excavator, tipper, tower crane, concrete pump, truck mixer, warehouse, scaffolding, construction office, sanitary facility, security booth, and fence. The stages of construction are listed, and the process of changing the layout of the construction site during the construction of the building is shown. The construction simulation in Twinmotion 2024.1 visualization software is presented. The fourth chapter refers to the discussion of the creation of
3D models and simulations and the shortcomings that have been noticed. At the end, that is, in the fifth chapter, the conclusion that was reached after the practical and theoretical part of this thesis was created
Conceptual design of level intersection reconstruction
No full textU okviru ovog diplomskog rada izrađeno je idejno rješenje postojećeg četverokrakog raskrižja u razini u raskrižje s kružnim tokom. Postojeće raskrižje smješteno je na križanju Sjeverne vezne ceste i Zagrebačke ulice u Slavonskom Brodu. Promet na raskrižju reguliran je semaforima koji smanjuju protok vozila iako tada ne postoji mogućnost pojave kolizije. Rekonstrukcijom u kružni tok vanjskog promjera 37 m povećat će se sigurnost, smanjiti čekanje na privozima, povećati propusna moć i stvoriti neprekinut tok. Raskrižje se rekonstruira u kružni tok u skladu sa Smjernicama za projektiranje kružnih raskrižja na državnim cestama.As part of this final thesis, a conceptual design of the reconstruction of an existing four-way level intersection into a roundabout was created. The existing intersection is located at the intersection of North main road and Zagrebačka street in Slavonski Brod. Traffic at the intersection is regulated by traffic lights that reduce traffic flow, although there is no possibility of a collision. The reconstruction into a roundabout with an outer diameter of 37 m will increase safety, reduce waiting, increase throughput, and ensure an uninterrupted flow. The intersection is being reconstructed into a roundabout in accordance with the Guidelines for designing roundabouts on state roads
Parametric analysis of the statically indeterminate system
No full textOvaj završni rad obuhvaća temu parametarske analize statički neodređenih sustava. Promatrat će se tri različita okvirna sustava koja su 1, 2 i 3 puta statički neodređena. Sustavi će biti opterećeni s četiri različita tipa opterećenja, uz promjene u materijalu od kojeg su napravljeni i dimenzijama poprečnih presjeka. Rezultati proračuna bit će prikazani u obliku dijagrama unutarnjih sila i dijagrama progibne linije, odnosno deformacija, pomoću računalnog programa Autodesk Robot. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata donijet će se zaključak, koji je ujedno i cilj ovog završnog rada.This thesis explores the parametric analysis of statically indeterminate systems. Three distinct frame systems, categorized as 1, 2, and 3 times statically indeterminate, will be analyzed. Each system will be subjected to four different types of loads, with variations in both the materials used and the dimensions of the cross-sections. The results of the calculations will be presented as internal force diagrams and deflection line diagrams (representing deformations), utilizing Autodesk Robot software. Based on the obtained results, conclusions will be drawn, which constitute the primary objective of this thesis
The influence of 0,5% to 2,0% carbon nanotubes in mortar on its physical-mechanical and electromagnetic properties
No full textOvaj istraživački rad istražuje utjecaj dodatka 0,5% do 2% ugljikovih nanocjevčica u mort na njegova fizikalno-mehanička i elektromagnetska svojstva. U istraživanju se svi mortovi s određenim dodatkom ugljikovih nanocjevčica ispituju u svježem i čvrstom stanju kako bi se analizirale promjene poroznosti, gustoće, konzistencije rasprostiranja, vlačne čvrstoće na savijanje, tlačne čvrstoće i elektromagnetske zaštite u odnosu na referentni mort M-0,0 koji ne sadrži ugljikove nanocjevčice. Analizom rezultata pokazuje se kako dodatak određenog postotka ugljikovih nanocjevčica u mort dovodi do poboljšanja njegove elektromagnetske zaštite, dok su učinci na njegova fizikalno-mehanička svojstva mješoviti. Najveća elektromagnetska zaštita postignuta je s mortom koji sadrži 1,5% ugljikovih nanocjevčica pri rasponu frekvencije od 2,50 do 2,69 GHz, dok su najbolja mehanička svojstva postignuta kod morta koji sadrži 0,5% ugljikovih nanocjevčica. Rezultati ukazuju kako ugljikove nanocjevčice imaju potencijal za poboljšanje određenih svojstava građevinskih materijala, ali daljnjim rezultatima potrebno je utvrditi njihovu ekonomsku isplativost i optimalnu primjenu.This research paper investigates the impact of adding 0.5% to 2.0% of carbon nanotubes to a mortar on its physico-mechanical and electromagnetic properties. In the study, all mortars with a specified addition of carbon nanotubes are tested in both the fresh and hardened states to analyze changes in porosity, density, flow consistency, flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness compared to the reference mortar M-0.0, which does not contain carbon nanotubes. The analysis reveals that adding a certain percentage of carbon nanotubes to mortar leads to improvements in its electromagnetic shielding, while the effects on its physical-mechanical properties are mixed. The highest electromagnetic shielding was achieved with the mixture containing 1.5% carbon nanotubes in the frequency range from 2.50 to 2.69 GHz, while the best mechanical properties were observed in the mortar containing 0.5% carbon nanotubes. The results indicate that carbon nanotubes have potential for enhancing certain properties of construction materials, but further research is needed to determine their economic viability and optimal application
Comparison of methods for calculating volume of earthworks
No full textU ovom radu analizirana je problematika izračuna kubatura masa zemljanih radova u donjem ustroju prometnica. Prikazane su i objašnjene najčešće metode proračuna kubatura masa u donjem ustroju prometnica te je provedena usporedba svih metoda kao i usporedba dobivenih rezultata. Za proračun kubatura masa u donjem ustroju prometnica korištene su: Winklerova metoda, prizmoidna metoda, jednadžba srednjeg presjeka, jednadžba srednjeg presjeka prizmoida te digitalna metoda izračuna kubatura masa u donjem ustroju prometnica putem programskog paketa Plateia. Za proračun i analizu načina izračuna korištene je novo projektirana prometnica dužine 401,89 m.This paper analyzes the issue of calculating the volumes of earthworks in the substructure of roads. The most common ethods for calculating volumes in road substructures are presented and explained, and a comparison of all methods, as well as the obtained values, has been conducted. For the calculation of volumes in the road substructure, the Winkler method, the prismoidal method, the average cross-section equation, the prismoidal average cross-section equation, and the digital method for volume calculation in the road substructure using the software package Plateia were employed. The calculation and nalysis were based on a newly designed road with a length of 401.89 meters
Vessel collision with bridge column
No full textUzrokovano lošim vremenskim uvjetima, uskim plovnim putevima, mehaničkim greškama plovila ili ljudskim propustima, većina mostova dostupna je udarima plovila. Kako bi se izvršila analiza udara plovila u stup mosta razvijeni su numerički modeli primjenom metode konačnih elemenata. Geometrija modela armiranobetonskog stupa definirana je na temelju arhivskog gradiva projektne dokumentacije mosta Ilok - Bačka Palanka preuzete od strane Državnog arhiva u Zagrebu. Geometrija modela plovila standardna je potisnica za rasuti teret dimenzija usvojenih prema specifikacijama za mostove Američke udruge državnih službenika za autoceste i promet. Za simulaciju udara plovila korišten je računalni program Ansys 2023 R2. Izrađena su tri modela s različitim položajem plovila u odnosu na stup od interesa te smjera plovidbe. Praćena su oštećenja stupa i naprezanja pramca potisnice za svaki model pri dinamičkom opterećenju u vremenskom trajanju od 0,15 s. Dani su kritični slučajevi položaja opterećenja stupa za vrijeme visokog vodostaja rijeke Dunav.Because of bad weather, narrow waterways, mechanical failure of vessels, or human error, most bridges are accessible by vessel strikes. In order to analyze the impact of the vessel on the bridge pillar, numerical models were developed using the finite element method. The geometry of the model of the reinforced concrete column was defined based on archival material of the project documentation of the bridge Ilok - Bačka Palanka taken over by the State Archives in Zagreb. The geometry of the vessel model is a standard bulk pusher with dimensions adopted according to the Bridge Specifications of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Ansys 2023 R2 computer program was used to simulate the impact of the vessel. Three models were made with different positions of the vessels in relation to the column of interest
and the navigation direction. The damage to the column and bow stresses were monitored for each model under dynamic loading for a time duration of 0.15 s. The critical cases of the position of the column load during high water level of the Danube River were given
Structural analysis and design of the reinforced concrete structure of the bistro
No full textZadatak ovog rada je statički proračunati i dimenzionirati armiranobetonsku konstrukciju
dvokatne zgrade bistroa. Proračun je napravljen ručno, u skladu s inženjerskom praksom
i Eurokod normama, te uz korištenje računalnog programa SAP2000, nakon čega su
rezultati obaju proračuna analizirani i uspoređeni. Proračun je obavljen za ploče u polju i
grede u polju te nad osloncima, i to za stropnu i krovnu ploču. Postavljeni su zahtjevi za
bruto površinu karakterističnog kata i veličinu katastarske čestice, dok su ostali podaci
usvojeni u skladu s inženjerskom praksom. Ručni proračun pokazao je da je najviše
armature potrebno u, posebno u pločama stropne konstrukcije koje su upete samo s dvije
strane. Ploče koje su upete s tri, odnosno četiri strane, zahtijevaju manje armature.
Budući da su ploče nosive u dva smjera, najviše armature potrebno je u smjeru kraćeg
raspona ploče. Kod proračuna greda, najveća količina armature potrebna je nad
osloncima i u rubnim poljima greda. Također, grede koje se nalaze uz vanjski rub
konstrukcije zahtijevaju znatno manje armature od onih smještenih u sredini tlocrta
konstrukcije. U računalnom programu SAP2000 izrađen je računalni model te su u kojem
je proveden proračun armature. Usporedbom rezultata dobivenih ručnim proračunom i
proračunom u programu SAP2000 utvrđeno je da računalni program zahtijeva veću
količinu armature kod dimenzioniranja greda i ploča u polju, dok je količina poprečne i
uzdužne armature za grede nad osloncima veća u slučaju ručnog proračuna. Iz ove
usporedbe moguće je zaključiti da ručni i računalni proračuni daju slične rezultate
unutarnjih sila, ali znatno različite zahtijevane količine armature. Proračun u računalnom
programu je brži i, zbog velike količine grafičkih prikaza konstrukcije, reznih sila i količina
armature, pregledniji.The task of this work is the structural analysis and design of the reinforced concrete structure of the two-storey bistro building. The calculation was carried out manually, in accordance with engineering practise and Eurocode standards, and also using the SAP2000 computer programme. The calculation was carried out for slabs in the field and beams in the field and above the columns as well as for the ceiling and roof slab. Requirements were made for the gross area of the characteristic floor and the size of the cadastral plot, while other data were taken according to engineering practise. A manual calculation showed that the slabs of the ceiling structure that are only restrained on two sides require the most reinforcement. Slabs that are clamped on three or four sides require less reinforcement. As the slabs are load-bearing in two directions, most of the reinforcement is required in the direction of the shorter span of the slab. When calculating
the beams, the largest amount of reinforcement is required above the columns and in the edge spans of the beams. In addition, beams located at the outer edge of the structure require significantly less reinforcement than those located in the centre of the floor plan of the structure. A computer model was created in the SAP2000 computer programme and used to calculate the reinforcement. When comparing the results from the manual calculation and the calculation in the SAP2000 programme, it was found that the computer programme requires more reinforcement for the design of beams and slabs in
the field, while the transverse and longitudinal reinforcement for beams over columns is greater in the manual calculation. From this comparison it can be concluded that manual and computer calculations provide similar results for the internal forces, but significantly different amounts of reinforcement are required. The calculation in the computer programme is faster and also more detailed due to the many graphical representations of the structure, the internal forces and the reinforcement quantitie
Calculation of a complex roof of a family building
No full textZadatak diplomskog rada je proračunati složeno dvostrešno krovište obiteljske kuće u Tvrđavici prema normama i propisima. Promatrano krovište sastoji se od glavnog krovišta pod nagibom od 26° koje se proteže preko cijelog objekta te manjeg krovišta nagiba 16° koje pokriva krovne kućice. Krovište dijele sljeme i mjeri se od terena. Analiza djelovanja stalnog i promjenjivog opterećenja provedena je prema trenutnovažećim pravilima danim u normama HRN EN 1991-1. U obzir je uzeto stalno opterećenje od vlastite težine i vjetra. Krovište se sastoji od rogova, pajanta, podrožnica i stupova. Svi elementi izvedeni su od punog drveta razreda čvrstoće C24 osim dvije podrožnice manjeg krovišta koje su zbog preuzimanja dvoosnog savijanja izvedene od lijepljenog lameliranog drveta razreda čvrstoće GL24h. Provjerene su dimenzije poprečnih presjeka drvenih menata provedene su u skladu s HRN EN 1995, te su zadovoljili sve uvjete i dokaze o graničnosti nosivosti i granično stanje bljivosti. Prikazan je trošak materijala. Analiza unutarnjih sila provedena je računalnim programom Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2024, a grafički prilozi izrađeni su uz pomoć programa AutoCAD 2024.The objective of this thesis is to calculate a complex double-pitched roof for a family house in Tvrđavica according to the HRN standards and regulations. The observed roof consists of a main roof with a slope of 26° that extends over the entire building and a smaller roof with a slope of 16° that covers the dormer windows. The roofs share a ridge with a height of 8.39 m from ground level. The analysis of actions for permanent and variable loads was conducted according to the current rules provided in the HRN EN 1991-1 standards. The analysis took into account the permanent load from the self-weight of the roof layers and the variable loads from snow and wind. The roof structure consists of rafters, collar beams, purlins, and columns. All elements are made of solid wood with a strength grade of C24, except for two purlins in the smaller roof, which are made of glued laminated timber with a strength class of GL24h to accommodate biaxial bending. The cross-sectional dimensions of the timber elements were checked in accordance with HRN EN 1995, and all requirements and verifications for ultimate limit state and serviceability state were satisfactorily met. The material usage is also shown. The analysis of internal forces was conducted using Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2024 software, and the graphical illustrations were created using AutoCAD 2024
Architectural project of a free-standing family house
No full textCilj ovog rada je izvedba arhitektonskog projekta slobodnostojeće obiteljske kuće P+1 ( prizemlje + kat), smještene u Vukovaru u dijelu koji se nalazi u blizini zelenog pojasa ( park šuma Adica) uz desnu obalu rijeke Vuke. Projekt je izrađen u skladu s Generalnim urbanističkim planom ( GUP) i prostornim planom uređenja grada Vukovara ( PPUGV). Kod projektiranja a s obzirom na položaj građevinske parcele, nastojalo se spojiti vanjski dio sa kućom i maksimalno iskoristiti prirodne značajke
parcele u svakodnevnom životu obitelji. Parcela s nalazi u stambenoj zoni S2. Pravilnog je oblika dimenzija cca. 29.00 m x 31.00 m i ukupne površine 895 m². Pristup parceli omogućen je s dvije strane. Glavni ulaz sa jugoistočne strane uz javnu prometnicu dok pomoćni pristup sa sjeverne strane poljskim putem koji omogućava i pristup rijeci Vuki. Projektirana je kuća za četveročlanu obitelj ( roditelji i dvoje djece) na način da kuća osim obveznog prostora ( dnevnog, spavaćeg dijela, gospodarstva i higijene) pruži vanjski prostor za odmor, druženje i relaksaciju koji je djelomično natkriven i povezuje se sa unutarnjim prostorom, te na taj način osigurava
sinergiju sa prirodom. Ovim radom postiglo se detaljno rješenje kojim su se zadovoljili svi tehnički, estetski,
funkcionalni zahtjevi u skladu sa zadanim prostornim i urbanističkim uvjetima i normama.The goal of this work is the execution of an architectural project of a free-standing family house P+1 (ground floor + first floor), located in Vukovar in a part located near the green belt (Adica forest park) along the right bank of the Vuka river.
The project was created in accordance with the General Urban Plan (GUP) and the Spatial Development Plan of the City of Vukovar (PPUGV). When designing and taking into account the location of the construction plot, an effort was made to connect the exterior with the house and to make maximum use of the natural features of the plot in the everyday life of the family. The plot is located in residential zone S2. It has a regular shape, dimensions approx. 29.00 m x 31.00 m and a total area of 895 m². Access to the plot is provided from two sides. The main entrance is on the southeast side along the public road, while the auxiliary access is on the north side by a field road that also provides access to the Vuka river. The house was designed for a family of four (parents and two children) in such a way that, in addition to the mandatory space (living room, bedroom, economy and hygiene), the house provides an outdoor space for rest, socializing and relaxation, which is partially covered and connects to the interior space, and in this way, it ensures synergy with nature. With this work, a detailed solution was achieved that satisfied all technical, aesthetic, functional requirements in accordance with the given spatial and urban planning conditions and norms
Calculation of measures for renovation of the roof of a family building
No full textZadatak ovog diplomskog rada je napraviti proračun s prijedlogom mjera sanacije krovišta obiteljskog objekta. Ova obiteljska kuća nalazi se u Tvrđavici, ukupne neto površine 644,67 m2. Krovište je složeno, sastoji se od dva para krovnih ploha nagiba 16° i 26°, ukupne tlocrtne površine u iznosu 485,45 m2. Statički sustav krovišta sastoji se od rogova, podrožnica, pajante, stupova i kosnika. Svi elementi su napravljeni od punog drva čvrstoće C24, sljedećih dimenzija : rog 12/18 cm, podrožnica 19/19 cm, pajanta 8/16 cm, stup 19/19 cm i kosnik 12/18 cm. Na konstrukciju djeluje stalno i promjenjivo opterećenje, u koje pripada opterećenje snijegom i djelovanje vjetra. Odabrana su dva kritična roga i dvije kritične podrožnice za koje se je proveden proračun i provjereni uvjeti za dokaze nosivosti i stabilnosti. Rogovi zadovoljavaju uvjete, odnosno predimenzionirani su zbog velikog poprečnog presjeka. Podrožnice ne zadovoljavaju uvjete za granično stanje nosivosti i granično stanje uporabljivosti. Razlog tome je što statički sustav nije pogodan te oslonci ne sprječavaju horizontalne pomake. Dodani su drveni elementi kako bi se sve povezalo da djeluje kao cjelina, a spojevi stupova su ojačani čeličnim papučama, kako bi se mogla preuzeti horizontalna sila. Tim mjerama su zadovoljeni svi dokazi za granično stanje nosivosti i granično stanje uporabljivosti te je krovište na strani sigurnosti. Za potrebe proračuna i djelovanja na konstrukciju korištene su važeće HRN EN norme i propisi. Prilozi su izrađeni u računalnom programu AutoCAD 2017, a svi modeli i kombinacije opterećenja u programu Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2021.The task of this graduation thesis is to make a construction calculation with a proposal for renovating the roof of a family building. This family house is located in Tvrđavica witch totalnet area of 644,67 m2. The roof is complex, consisting of two pairs of roof surfaces with a slope of 16 and 26 with a total area485,45 m2.
The static roofing system consists of rafters, purlings, collar beam, columns and principal rafter. All elements are made
of solid wood of strength C24, with the following dimensions: rafter 12/18 cm, purling 19/19 cm, collar beam 8/16 cm, column 19/19 cm and principal rafter 12/18 cm. The structure is subject to constant and variable loads, including snow loads and wind loads. Two critical rafters and two critical purlings were selected, for which the calculation was carried out and the conditions for evidence of bearing capacity and stability were checked. The rafters meet
the conditions, i.e. they are oversized due to their large cross-section. Purlings do not meet the requirements for the limit state of bearing capacity and the limit state of serviceability. The reason for this is that the static system is not suitable and the supports do not prevent horizontal movements. Wooden elements were added to tie everything together to act as a whole, and the column joints were reinforced with steel shoes to absorb the horizontal force. With these measures, all the evidence for the limit state of load-bearing capacity and the limit state of usability are satisfied, and the roof is on the side of safety. Valid HRN EN standards and regulations were used for the purposes of calculation and construction. The attachments were created in the AutoCAD 2017 computer program, and all models and load combinations were created in the Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2021 program