Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek
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Deformation in bending beams
No full textTema završnog rada je analiza deformacija ravnog štapa opterećenog na savijanje. Obrađena je grafoanalitička metoda. Promatrani su ravni štapovi kod kojih krutost nije konstantna. U uvodu je definiran problem, a u teorijskom dijelu dana je osnovna analiza i prikaz izračuna deformacija. Riješeno je nekoliko primjera i provedena usporedba rezultata dobivenih grafoanalitički i računalnim programom.The topic of the final thesis is the analysis of a straight beam subjected to bending. The graphical-analytical method is examined. The study focuses on straight beams with non-constant stiffness. The introduction defines the problem, while the theoretical section provides a basic analysis and an overview of the deformation calculations. Several examples have been solved, and a comparison of the results obtained using the graphical-analytical method and using a computer program has been conducted
Estimation of compressive strength of self-compacting concrete with mineral admixtures using destructive and non-destructive methods
No full textSamozbijajući beton je suvremena vrsta betona, nastao zbog nedovoljnog broja radne snage. Predstavlja napredno rješenje u građevinarstvu jer omogućuje kvalitetnije popunjavanje oplata i armature bez dodatne vibracije, čime se postiže bolja ujednačenost i viša kvaliteta izvedenog betona. Dodavanjem mineralnih dodataka poput letećeg pepela, silicijske prašine ili troske, poboljšavaju se mehanička i trajnosna svojstva betona, no pritom dolazi do promjene u njegovom sastavu, što utječe na karakteristike čvrstoće. Uz mineralne dodatke, koriste se i različiti kemijski dodatci. Primjenom samozbijajućeg betona povećava se ukupna kvaliteta i trajnost konstrukcija, uz dodatni doprinos očuvanju okoliša. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između razornih i nerazornih metoda kako bi se pouzdanije procijenila tlačna čvrstoća samozbijajućeg betona s različitim vrstama mineralnih dodataka. Sa svrhom postizanja zadanog cilja, u prvom koraku izrađeno je šest mješavina betona pri čemu je projektiranje sastava samozbijajućeg betona provedeno prema EFNARC (Europsko udruženje) smjernicama za sastav mješavine. Beton je ispitivan u svježem i očvrslom stanju. Ispitivanja u očvrslom stanju provedena su na uzorcima kocki, prizmi, valjaka i jezgri u skladu s hrvatskim normama nakon 7, 28 i 91 dan. Rezultatima eksperimentalnog ispitivanja dokazano je da postotni udio od 10% silicijske prašine znatno poboljšava svojstva samozbijajućeg betona, dok je utjecaj letećeg pepela na rezultate ispitivanja nešto slabiji. Razorna i nerazorna ispitivanja zajedno omogućuju potpunu procjenu kvalitete betona, posebno
nerazorne metode, poput ultrazvučne brzine impulsa i digitalnog sklerometra. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata moguće je razviti korisne regresijske modele za procjenu tlačne čvrstoće samozbijajućeg betona.Self-compacting concrete is a modern type of concrete developed in response to a shortage of labor. It represents an advanced solution in construction because it enables better filling of formwork and reinforcement without additional vibration, thereby achieving greater uniformity and higher quality of the finished concrete. By adding mineral additives such as fly ash, silica fume, or slag, the mechanical and durability properties of the concrete are improved, although this leads to changes in its composition, which in turn affects strength characteristics. In addition to mineral additives, various chemical admixtures are also used. The use of self-compacting concrete increases the overall quality and durability of structures, while also contributing to environmental preservation. The main objective of this research was to determine the correlation between destructive and nondestructive testing methods in order to more reliably assess the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete with different types of mineral additives. To achieve the stated goal, six concrete mixtures were
produced in the first step, with the mix design of the self-compacting concrete carried out according to EFNARC (European Federation) guidelines. The concrete was tested in both fresh and hardened states.Tests in the hardened state were performed on cube, prism, cylinder, and core samples in accordance with Croatian standards after 7, 28, and 91 days.
The results of the experimental testing confirmed that a 10% share of silica fume significantly improves the properties of self-compacting concrete, while the influence of fly ash on test results is somewhat weaker. Destructive and non-destructive testing together provide a comprehensive assessment of concrete quality, especially non-destructive methods such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and digital rebound hammer. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to develop useful regression models for estimating the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete
Architectural - urban design of Retfala - south business zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala Jug na zapadnom dijelu Osijeka. Idejno urbanističko rješenje osmišljeno je kako bi unaprijedilo postojeće okruženje, poboljšalo prometnu povezanost te stvorilo uvjete za budući razvoj. Fokusirano je na jasnu komunikaciju između različitih dijelova zone i njene vitalnosti izvan radnog vremena. Dobivena markica za daljnju razradu nalazi se na sjeverozapadnom dijelu obuhvata, čime položaj parcele postaje prva točka u razvijanju koncepta. Ideja je stvoriti reprezentativni orijentir u prostoru, jasno vidljiv s prilazeće prometnice. Arhitektonsko rješenje je izvedeno da se zgrada uzdiže svojom visinom kako bi postala reprezentativan orijentir na samom ulazu u grad. Spiralno, rotacijski, stepenasto i terasasto slaganje etaža stvara vanjske terase koje obogaćuju zgradu svojim mikroambijentima i zgrada se tako nastoji fokusirati na doticaj korisnika i okoline.The topic of the final thesis is the urban and architectural design of the Retfala Jug business zone in the western part of Osijek. The conceptual urban solution was designed to improve the existing environment, i mprove traffic connections and create conditions for future development. It is focused on clear communication between different parts of the zone and its vitality outside of working hours. The obtained plot for further development is located in the northwestern part of the district, making the position of the plot the first point in developing the concept. The idea is to create a r epresentative landmark in space, clearly visible from the approaching road. The architectural solution is designed so that the building rises in height to become a representative landmark at the very entrance to the city. The spiral, rotational, stepped and terraced arrangement of floors creates terraces that enrich the building with its micro-ambiences and the building thus seeks to focus on the interaction between users and the environment
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textTema zavrsnog rada je urbanisticko i arhitektonsko rjesenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug smjestene na jugozapadnom ulazu u Osijek. Urbanistickim zahvatom formirana je mreza poslovnih zgrada, hotela i kongresne dvorane, povezanih setnicom obogacenom sadrzajima i zelenilom. Arhitektonsko resenje obraduje poslovnu zgradu usresistu june granice obuhvata, koncipiranu kroz fleksibilnost koristenja, kasetirani konstruktivni raster skulpturalnu rampu. Rampa reinterpretira setnicu, obavija zgradu zelenilom i omogucuje sekundarnu komunikaciju. Glavni fokus stavijen je na korisnika i razlicite potrebe rada, stvarajuci dinamiku odnosa javnog i privatnog, otvorenog i zatvorenog, statinog i protonog.:The topic of this thesis is the urban and architectural design of the Retfala – South business zone, located at the southwestern entrance to the city of Osijek. The urban intervention forms a network of office buildings, a hotel, and a congress hall, all connected by a promenade enriched with public amenities and greenery. The architectural design focuses on an office building positioned at the center of the southern edge of the site, conceived through a flexible use concept, a coffered structural grid, and a sculptural ramp. The ramp reinterprets the promenade, enveloping the building in greenery and enabling secondary circulation. The main emphasis is placed on the user and the diverse needs of contemporary work, creating a dynamic interplay between public and private, open and closed, static and fluid
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug koja se nalazi na jugozapadu Osijeka. Urbanističko rješenje se temelji na dvije teorije: ''Učenje od Las Vegasa'' od Roberta Venturija i projekt Parc de la Villette od Bernarda Tschumija. Venturi se bavi pitanjem simbolike i značenja u arhitekturi, kako arhitektura može postati znakovni jezik te tako djeli zgrade na ''decorated shed'' ''duck''. Tschumi osmišljava prostore koji su otvoreni i fleksibilni te poziva korisnika na korištenje, ujedno smatra da kontekst ne treba biti statičan i monoton. Zadani obuhvat se nalazi na samom ulazu u grad, na pretežito neizgrađenom području ili zgrade ne prilagođene čovjekovom mjerilu. Zgrade poslovne namjene su ''patke'' se nalaze na obodu parcele te pozivaju korisnika unutra, a javne zgrade su ''decorated shed'' te se nalaze unutar parcele i uz njih se nalaze paviljoni koje služe kao znak te su oni međusobno povezani šetnicom na +1 etaži. Glavna prometnica se nalazi na -1 etaži te opskrbljuje sve garaže na zasebnim parcelama.
Cilj arhitektonskog rješenja poslovne zgrade jest da je ona ''patka'' te da je interaktivan element u prostoru. Zgrada jest zapravo kritika na upotrebu prekomjerenog zelenila i lažnog predstavljanja održivosti. Greenwashing jest lažna slika održive i zelene izgradnje kako bi se projekt prodao i prezentirao kao održiva izgradnja. Vanjska ovojnica ''skriva'' stvarnu sliku samog projekta.The topic of the final thesis is the urban and architectural design of the Retfala - South business zone, located in the southwest part of Osijek. The urban design is based on two theories: Learning from Las Vegas by Robert Venturi and the Parc de la Villette project by Bernard Tschumi. Venturi deals with the question of symbolism and meaning in architecture, exploring how architecture can become a language of signs, and he divides buildings into "decorated sheds" and "ducks." Tschumi, on the other hand, envisions spaces that are open and flexible, inviting users to engage with them, and believes that context should not be static and monotonous.
The designated area is located at the very entrance to the city, in a predominantly undeveloped area or one with buildings not adapted to the human scale. The commercial buildings are “ducks” placed on the edge of the site, inviting users inward, while the public buildings are “decorated sheds,” located within the site and accompanied by pavilions that serve as signs. They are all connected by a walkway on the +1 level. The main traffic route is located on the -1 level and serves all garages on separate plots.
The goal of the architectural design of the commercial building is for it to be a “duck” as an interactive element within the urban design. The building serves as a critique of the excessive use of plants and the false representation of sustainability. Greenwashing represents a misleading image of sustainable and green construction, aiming to sell and present the project a environmentally responsible. The external facade "hides" the true nature of the project
Comparison of retaining wall solutions by use of gabions and reinforced concrete retaining walls
No full textRad uspoređuje gabionske i armirano‑betonske potporne zidove kako bi se pod istim geotehničkim i hidrološkim uvjetima odabrao racionalan tip konstrukcije. Najprije su ukratko prikazana djelovanja na potporne sustave (bočni tlak tla u mirovanju, aktivnom i pasivnom stanju te utjecaj vode i uzgona) i standardne provjere stabilnosti (klizanje, prevrtanje, nosivost i raspodjela naprezanja u tlu). Zatim su provedeni numerički proračuni na dva primjera: stepenasti gabionski zid visine 6,0 m i konzolni armirano‑betonski zid osnovne visine približno 4,3 m, prema važećim europskim normama. Rezultati pokazuju da je klizanje presudna provjera u oba slučaja: gabionski zid zadovoljava s umjerenom rezervom (omjer sigurnosti oko 1,06), dok je armirano‑betonski zid na granici (oko 1,00), uz osjetljivost na prisutnost i očuvanje tla ispred lica. Na prevrtanje oba rješenja imaju sigurnosnu rezervu, veća je kod gabionskog zida (omjer oko 3,46 naspram 2,54). Kontaktni naponi su u oba primjera ispod pretpostavljene nosivosti tla, a ekscentricitet rezultante unutar središnje trećine temelja. U praksi se stabilnost poboljšava povećanjem širine i/ili ukopa, hrapavljenjem kontakta te učinkovitom odvodnjom; gabioni imaju dodatnu korist od propusne ispune uz odgovarajuću filtraciju i trajnu zaštitu mreže. Zaključno, izbor rješenja treba temeljiti na raspoloživom prostoru i materijalu, zahtjevima za odvodnjom, trajnosti i prihvatljivim deformacijama.The paper compares gabion and reinforced concrete retaining walls in order to select a rational type of structure under the same geotechnical and hydrological conditions. First, the actions on the supporting systems (lateral soil pressure in the stationary, active and passive states and theinfluence of water and buoyancy) and standard stability checks (slip overturning, bearing capacity and stress distribution in the soil) are briefly presented. Then, numerical calculations are performed on two examples: a stepped gabion wall with a height of 6.0 m and a cantilever reinforced concrete wall with a base height of approximately 4.3 m, according to current European standards. The results show that slip is a crucial check in both cases: the gabion wall satisfies with a moderate margin (safety ratio of about 1.06), while the reinforced concrete wall is on the limit (about 1.00), with sensitivity to the presence and preservation of soil in front of the face. Both solutions have safety margin against overturning, the larger one being for the gabion wall (ratio of about 3.46 versus 2.54). The contact stresses are in both cases below the assumed bearing capacity of the soil and the eccentricity of the resultant is within the central third of the foundation. In practice, stability is improved by increasing the width and/or burial, roughening the contact, and effective drainage; gabions have the additional benefit of a permeable fill with appropriate filtration and permanent mesh protection. In conclusion, the choice of solution should be based on the available space and material, drainage requirements, durability, and acceptable deformations
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textTema završnog rada obuhvaća urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug, smještene na jugozapadnom ulazu/izlazu u grad Osijek. Na temelju provedenih analiza postojećeg stanja, urbanističkim je rješenjem definiran raspored osam poslovnih zgrada koje su zonirane prema konceptu triju osnovnih tipova osobnosti: samoodrživi, socijalni i intimni. Ovaj pristup omogućuje fleksibilan i suvremen odgovor na raznolike potrebe korisnika poslovnog prostora.Arhitektonsko rješenje razrađeno je za zgradu na parceli 06, smještenoj u jugoistočnom dijelu obuhvata. Sama lamela tvori prostorni prijelaz između sjevernog, mirnog dijela zone, takozvane ,,zelene oaze", s pogledom na brdo i njegove sadržaje, te južne strane na kojoj se nalazi trgovački centar Portanova s pripadajućim parkiralištem.Inspiriran prirodnim oblicima i načelima definiranim urbanističkim konceptom, arhitektonski oblik zgrade temelji se na motivu meandra, koji omogućuje otvaranje objekta prema i sjeveru i jugu. Time se stvara dinamičan i pristupačan prostor koji ne samo da poziva korisnike samog poslovnog kompleksa, već privlači i vanjske posjetitelje iz pravca Portanove. U središtu koncepta nalazi se korisnik i njegove različite potrebe u radnom okruženju. Kroz pažljivo oblikovane prostore naglasak je stavljen na stvaranje ugodne, fleksibilne radne atmosfere s uravnoteženim mogućnostima za rad, odmor, socijalizaciju i povlačenje u mir.The topic of this thesis addresses the urban and architectural design of the Retfala – South business zone, located at the southwestern entrance/exit of the city of Osijek. Based on an analysis of the existing conditions, the urban design defines the layout of eight office buildings, zoned according to the concept of three basic personality types: self-sustaining, social, and intimate. This approach enables a flexible and contemporary response to the diverse needs of business space users. The architectural design focuses on the building located on plot 06, situated in the southeastern part of the site. The building itself forms a spatial boundary between the northern, quiet zone - the so-called “green oasis”, offering views of the nearby hill and its amenities - and the southern side, where the Portanova shopping center and its parking lot are located. Inspired by natural forms and guided by principles established in the urban design, the architectural shape of the building is based on the motif of a meander, which enables the structure to open both northward and southward. This creates a dynamic and welcoming space that not only invites users of the business complex but also attracts external visitors coming from the direction of Portanova. At the heart of the concept is the user and their varying needs within the work environment. Through carefully designed spaces, the solution emphasizes the creation of a comfortable and adaptable workspace, with a balanced focus on work, rest, social interaction, and peaceful retreat
Calculation of a simple wooden structures
No full textU radu je prikazano dimenzioniranje glavnog i sekundarnog nosača drvene nadstrešnice na području Osijeka. Promjenjivo opterećenje je određeno sukladno važećim europskim normama za djelovanja na konstrukcije. Dokazi nosivosti i stabilnosti su provedeni sukladno važećim europskim normama za projektiranje drvenih konstrukcija.This thesis presents a structural analysis of the primary and secondary beams of a timber canopy located in the Osijek area. The variable loads were determined in accordance with the relevant European standards governing actions on structures. The ultimate limit state and stability checks were carried out in compliance with the applicable European standards for the design of timber structures
Seepage analysis for earth dams and construction pits
No full textU ovom završnom radu razmatramo procjeđivanje vode kroz tlo kod nasutih građevina i građevnih jama. Procjeđivanje je proces otjecanja vode kroz tlo koji može bitno utjecati na stabilnost tla, sigurnost konstrukcija te kvalitetu izvedbe građevinskih radova. Teorijski dio rada sadrži opis vrsta voda u tlu te osnovne zakonitosti tečenja, uključujući Darcyjev zakon, hidraulički gradijent, pojam kritičnih uvjeta, utjecaj svojstava tla na intenzitet procjeđivanja te metode analize protoka uključujući strujne mreže. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na kritične pojave poput hidrauličkog sloma i podlokavanja koje mogu nastati pri nepravilnoj kontroli podzemne vode kao i utjecaj anizotropije propusnosti tla na tokove vode. U praktičnom dijelu rada provedena je parametarska analiza primjenom računalnog programa GeoStudio, kojom se uspoređuju slučajevi izotropije i anizotropije kao i različite dubine građevne jame. Analiza također pokazuje kako pravilan odabir modela i graničnih uvjeta značajno utječe na točnost dobivenih rezultata i njihovu primjenjivost u praksi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju na važnost pravilnog određivanja konstrukcijskih i zaštitnih mjera kako bi se smanjila opasnost od hidrauličkog sloma te pojava koje ugrožavaju stabilnost konstrukcije.In this final thesis, the seepage of water through soil in embankment structures and excavation pits is examined. Seepage is the process of water flow through soil, which can significantly affect soil stability, structural safety, and the quality of construction works. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a description of the types of water in soil and the fundamental flow principles, including Darcy’s law, hydraulic gradient, the concept of critical conditions, the influence of soil properties on seepage intensity, and flow analysis methods such as flow nets. Special emphasis is placed on critical phenomena such as hydraulic failure and piping that may occur due to improper control of groundwater, as well as the influence of soil permeability anisotropy on water flow patterns. In the practical part of the thesis, parametric analysis was carried out using the GeoStudio software, comparing isotropic and anisotropic cases, as well as various excavation depths. The analysis also demonstrates that the proper choice of model and boundary conditions has a significant impact on the accuracy of results and their applicability in practice. The research results highlight the importance of properly defining structural and protective measures to reduce the risk of hydraulic failure and phenomena that threaten structural stability
Structural analysis, design and reinforcement detailing of the kindergarten floor structure
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je bila dimenzionirati armiranobetonsku konstrukciju vrtića u Osijeku uz
prethodni statički proračun. Zgrada se sastoji od prizemlja i jednog kata, a natkrivena je neprohodnim
ravnim krovom. Proračunom su dobivene vrijednosti najmanje armature koja je potrebna elementima
konstrukcije kako bi mogli podnijeti opterećenja kojima su izložena. Ploče građevine su armirane mrežama i to kvadratnim s obzirom da su nosive u dva smjera, dok su grede armirane šipkama odgovarajućih promjera. Potrebna armatura prvo je proračunata ručno, a potom primjenom programa Microsoft Excel. Ručnim proračunom određena je debljina zaštitnog sloja, proračunske čvrstoće materijala za beton i armaturu, statičke visine poprečnih presjeka te su proračunata opterećenja na konstrukcijskim elementima kojima su dobiveni momenti savijanja i poprečne sile koji djeluju na njih. S tim podacima je proveden daljnji proračun gdje su dobivene ploštine armature koje je potrebno ugraditi u konstrukciju kako bi ona bila sigurna za korištenje. U programu je moguće automatski proračunati osnovne podatke zgrade kao što su opterećenja na pločama/ gredama, zaštitni sloj betona i drugo uz prethodni unos potrebnih podataka o konstrukciji. Osim toga, proveden je proračun jedne od greda i jedne od ploča u potpunosti gdje kao rezultat program sam izbaci koja armatura je povoljna i pogodna za korištenje u tom slučaju. I ručnim i računalnim proračunom moguće je dobiti gotovo identično rješenje.The topic of this final thesis was to dimension the reinforced concrete structure of a kindergarten in Osijek with a previous static calculation. The building consists of a ground floor and one floor and is covered with an impassable flat roof. The calculation yielded the values of the minimum reinforcement required for the structural elements to be able to withstand the loads to which they are exposed. The building slabs are reinforced with square meshes, since they are load bearing in two directions, while the beams are reinforced with bars of appropriate diameters. The required reinforcement was first calculated manually and then using Microsoft Excel. The manual calculation determined the thickness of the protective layer, the design strength of the concrete and reinforcement materials, the static heights of the cross-sections, an the loads on the structural elements were calculated, which resulted in the bending moments and transverse forces acting on them. With this data, a further calculation was carried out, which yielded the areas of reinforcement that need to be installed in the structure to make it safe for use. The program can automatically calculate basic building data such as loads on slabs/beams, concrete cover, etc., with prior input of the necessary construction data. In addition, a complete calculation of one of the beams and one of
the slabs was performed, where as a result the program automatically calculates whic reinforcement is favorable and suitable for use in that case. Both manual and computer calculations can produce an almost identical solution