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Architecture and urban design of Gacka business zone
No full textUrbanističkim su se rješenjem formirale dvije parcele - jedna turističke namjene, a druga poslovne namjene koja ima definirane četiri markice za izgradnju četiri poslovne zgrade. Poslovna zgrada smještena je u samom središtu poslovne zone Gacka i kao takva ima ulogu povezivanja, prohodnosti i stvaranja zajedničkih prostora što je postignuto uvlačenjem zapadnog dijela prizemlja. Unutar zgrade jasno su podijeljene namjene te je raspored prostorija vrlo racionalan. Dupla fasada u nekim je dijelovima ispunjena biljkama koje zaposlenicima omogućavaju atraktivnu vizuru i ugodniji boravak unutar zgrade, a pored toga ima i funkciju balkona. Fasada zbog svoje prošupljenosti noću ostavlja dojam transparentnosti i lakoće.The urban solution formed two plots - one for tourist purposes and the other for business purposes, and as such has defined four stamps for the construction of four office buildings. The office building is located in the very center of the Gack commercial zone and as such has the role of connecting, passability and creatin common spaces, which was achieved by retracting the western part of the ground floor. Inside the building, the purposes are clearly divided and the layout of the rooms is very rational. The double facade is in some parts filled with plants that allow employees an attractive view and a more comfortable stay inside the building, and in addition has the function of a balcony. Due to its hollowness, the facade leaves an impression of transparency and lightness at night
Influence of chemical and mineral admixtures on the properties of micro-reinforced self-compacting concrete
No full textOvaj rad istražuje utjecaj kemijskih i mineralnih dodataka na svojstva mikroarmiranog samozbijajućeg betona. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti optimalne količine kemijskih i mineralnih dodataka, kao i optimalnu količinu i vrstu čeličnih vlakana, kako bi se projektirani mikroarmirani samozbijajući beton mogao koristiti za izradu industrijskih podova s optimalnim fizikalnim, mehaničkim i trajnosnim karakteristikama. U istraživanju su korišteni različiti kemijski, mineralni dodaci i punila poput silicijske prašine, metakaolina i dolomitnog brašna. Ukupno je projektirano šest mješavina različitog sastava. Eksperimentalni dio uključuje testiranje uzoraka u svježem i očvrsnulom stanju. Ispitivanja čvrstoće obavljena su na uzorcima kocki i prizmi prema hrvatskim normama. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata, izvršena je usporedba svih mješavina s referentnom mješavinom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da pravilna kombinacija kemijskih, mineralnih dodataka i čeličnih vlakana značajno poboljšavaju svojstva mikroarmiranog samozbijajućeg betona. Zaključeno je da optimalna kombinacija dodataka u betonu dovodi do poboljšanja trajnosti, otpornosti i mehaničkih karakteristika.This thesis investigates the influence of chemical and mineral additives on the properties of microfiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. The aim is to determine the optimal quantities of chemical and mineral additives, as well as the optimal amount of steel fibers, to enable the use of designed microfiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete in industrial floors with optimal physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics. Various chemical and mineral additives such as silica dust, metakaolin, and dolomite flour were used in the study. A total of six mixtures with different compositions were designed. The experimental part involved testing samples in fresh and hardened states. Strength tests were conducted on cube and prism samples according to Croatian standards. Based on the results obtained, a comparison was made between all mixtures and the reference mixture. The research results indicate that the correct combination of chemical and mineral additives significantly enhances the properties of microfiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. It is concluded that the optimal combination of additives in concrete leads to improvements in durability, resistance, and mechanical characteristics
Development of a System for Assessing the Condition of School Buildings and Models for Assessing Energy, Energy Sources and Water Consumption
No full textZgrade čine više od 40 % potrošnje energije u mnogim zemljama svijeta, a među njima je i Republika Hrvatska. Zgrade za obrazovanje imaju velik udio u potrošnji energije te nakon plaća djelatnika, troškovi energije predstavljaju drugi najveći izdatak školske zgrade. Pregledom literature uočen je nedostatak istraživanja na temu procjene potrošnje energije školskih zgrada u Republici Hrvatskoj dok je nedostatak istraživanja na temu procjene potrošnje vode školskih zgrada utvrđen diljem svijeta. Osim toga, istraživanja koja su se bavila razlikom između proračunske i stvarne potrošnje energije školskih zgrada odnosno energetskim jazom također su nedostajuća u Hrvatskoj. Nadalje, uočeno je da velik broj zgrada brzo propada radi starenja i preopterećenja, unatoč tome što imaju kulturni i povijesni značaj, a među njima su i školske zgrade. Preopterećenje u ovom kontekstu odnosi se na stanje kada zgrada, zbog povećanog broja korisnika, nepravilne upotrebe ili nedostatka održavanja, doživljava veće opterećenje od onog na koje je bila projektirana. Pregledom literature uočeno je da je velik broj istraživanja proveden s ciljem pronalaženja odgovarajućih kriterija za ocjenjivanje, no također je primijećen nedostatak takvih istraživanja u Hrvatskoj. U doktorskom radu razvijeni su modeli procjene potrošnje električne energije, toplinske energije te mjesečne i godišnje potrošnje vode školskih zgrada koristeći uzorak zgrada osnovnih i srednjih škola na području Osječko-baranjske županije. Nadalje, utvrđena je i razlika između stvarne i proračunske potrošnje energije školskih zgrada u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji i uzroci te razlike. Osim toga, uspostavljen je i sustav procjene stanja, također koristeći uzorak školskih zgrada iz Osječko-baranjske županije koji omogućuje ocjenu stanja zgrade na razini elementa te ukupnu ocjenu na razini cijele zgrade koji se zasniva na preostalim uporabnim vjekovima materijala od kojih su izrađeni elementi školske zgrade. Podaci korišteni za analize, za razvoj modela i za uspostavljanje sustava preuzeti su iz Informacijskog sustava za gospodarenje energijom (ISGE) te iz energetskih certifikata predmetnih zgrada. Za razvoj modela i sustava korištene su tradicionalne metode kao što je višestruka linearna regresija i napredne metode kao što su umjetne neuronske mreže te algoritam nasumične šume. Prednost svih razvijenih modela i sustava je što se temelji na malom broju neovisnih varijabli koje su jednostavno mjerljive i relativno lako dostupne korisnicima. Provedena je i validacija razvijenih modela procjene potrošnje i sustava procjene stanja na posebnom uzorku za validaciju za koju je korišten uzorak školskih zgrada izvan Osječko-baranjske županije. Korišteno je ukupno 40 školskih zgrada pri čemu je 20 iz kontinentalne Hrvatske, a 20 iz primorske kako bi se utvrdilo jesu li razvijeni modeli i sustav primjenjivi i izvan granica županije. Na temelju prikazanih rezultata i analize predložene su smjernice za daljnja istraživanja te praktične smjernice za upravljanje imovinom u smislu energetske učinkovitosti i održivosti školskih zgrada.Buildings account for more than 40% of energy consumption in many countries worldwide, including the Republic of Croatia. Educational buildings represent a significant share of energy consumption, and after employee salaries, energy costs are the second-largest expense for schools. A review of the literature revealed a lack of research on the topic of energy consumption prediction in school buildings in the Republic of Croatia, while the lack of research on water consumption prediction in school buildings has been identified globally. Furthermore, studies addressing the discrepancy between projected and actual energy consumption in school buildings, also known as the energy performance gap, are similarly scarce in Croatia. Additionally, it has been observed that a large number of buildings, including school buildings, deteriorate rapidly due to aging and overuse, despite their cultural and historical significance. Overuse in this context refers to the condition when a building, due to an increased number of users, improper use or lack of maintenance, experiences a higher load than that for which it was designed. A review of the literature found that numerous studies have been conducted to establish appropriate standards for evaluation, but a lack of such research has also been noted in Croatia. In the doctoral dissertation, models were developed to predict electricity consumption, thermal energy consumption, and monthly and annual water consumption in school buildings using a sample of primary and secondary school buildings from Osijek-Baranja County. Furthermore, the difference between actual and calculated energy consumption in school buildings in Osijek-Baranja County, along with the causes of these differences, was identified. In addition, a school building condition assessment system was established using the same sample of school buildings from Osijek-Baranja County, enabling the evaluation of the building's condition at the element level and providing an overall assessment at the level of the entire building. The data used for the analyses, model development, and system establishment were sourced from the Energy Management Information System (EMIS) and the energy certificates of the respective buildings. Traditional methods, such as multiple linear regression, and advanced methods, such as artificial neural networks and the random forest algorithm, were used to develop the models and system. The advantage of all the developed models and systems is that they are based on a small number of independent variables that are easy to measure and relatively accessible. Validation of the developed consumption estimation models and condition assessment systems was also conducted using a separate validation sample, consisting of school buildings outside Osijek-Baranja County. A total of 40 school buildings were used, with 20 from continental Croatia and 20 from the coastal region, to determine whether the developed models and systems are applicable beyond the boundaries of the county. Based on the presented results and analysis, guidelines for further research and practical recommendations for asset management in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability of school buildings were proposed
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textNa ulazu u Osijek planirana je poslovna zgrada koja se ističe kao vertikalni orijentir u zoni trgovačkih centara i razvijene infrastrukture. Njezin oblik proizlazi iz funkcionalnih potreba, ali ih nadilazi arhitektonskom jasnoćom i odgovorom na kontekst. Ukošeno južno pročelje reagira na okolišne uvjete – optimizira osvjetljenje, smanjuje pregrijavanje i stvara terasaste prostore s poslovnim balkonima koji poboljšavaju radni ambijent.
Zgrada je definirana jasnim volumenima: vertikalnim tornjem i horizontalnom bazom garaže, čime se uspostavlja prostorna ravnoteža i racionalna organizacija. Arhitektonska ekspresija ostvarena je minimalnim sredstvima, s naglaskom na funkcionalnost i održivost. Zelene površine integrirane su u pročelja i na krovu
garaže, čime se dodatno podiže kvaliteta prostora.
Završni konstruktivni okvir ne samo da povezuje sve elemente zgrade, već istovremeno služi kao estetski i funkcionalni završetak, pružajući vizualni red i definirajući zgradu kao suvremen, reprezentativan poslovni objekt.At the entrance to Osijek, a new office building is planned as a vertical landmark within a zone of commercial centers and strong infrastructure. Its form emerges from functional logic but transcends necessity through architectural clarity and contextual responsiveness. The slanted southern façade reacts to environmental factors – optimizing daylight, reducing overheating, and creating terraced platforms with business balconies that enhance the working environment.
The building is structured with clear volumes: a vertical tower and a horizontal garage base, establishing spatial balance and rational organization. Architectural expression is achieved with minimal means, emphasizing functionality and sustainability. Green areas are integrated into the façades and rooftop, further enhancing space quality.
The final structural frame not only unifies all elements of the building but also serves as an aesthetic and functional completion, providing visual order and defining the building as a contemporary and representative office structure
Recycled concrete in building construction: opportunities and challenges
No full textU radu je obrađena tema primjene recikliranog betona u visokogradnji s naglaskom na mogućnosti i izazove njegove šire uporabe. Analizirani su procesi nastanka i reciklaže građevinskog otpada, a poseban naglasak stavljen je na fizikalna, mehanička i trajnosna svojstva recikliranog betona u usporedbi s betonom od prirodnog agregata. Razmotrena su tehnička i ekološka ograničenja te zakonski okvir za njegovu primjenu, kao i prikladnost u nosivim i nenosivim elementima. U radu su prikazani primjeri dobre prakse iz Hrvatske i svijeta, koji potvrđuju mogućnost uporabe recikliranog betona u visokogradnji. Cilj rada bio je ukazati na potencijal recikliranog betona kao održive alternative tradicionalnom betonu, ali i na prepreke koje još uvijek ograničavaju njegovu širu primjenu. Rezultati analize pokazuju da je reciklirani beton značajan za smanjenje građevinskog otpada i očuvanje prirodnih resursa, ali zahtijeva daljnja istraživanja, tehnološka poboljšanja i razvoj normativnog okvira kako bi njegova primjena postala standardna praksa u građevinarstvu.This paper explores the use of recycled concrete in building construction, focusing on the potential benefits and challenges associated with its wider implementation. The processes of construction waste generation and recycling are analyzed, with a focus on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of recycled concrete compared to natural aggregate concrete. Technical and environmental limitations, as well as the legal framework for its use, are considered, along with its suitability for load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements. Examples of good practice from Croatia and around the world are presented, confirming the possibility of using recycled concrete in building construction. The paper aimed to highlight the potential of recycled concrete as a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete, as well as the obstacles that still limit its wider application. The analysis results indicate that the use of recycled concrete is significant for reducing construction waste and conserving natural resources; however, further research, technological improvements, and the development of regulatory frameworks are required to establish it as a standard practice in construction
Three-moment equation
No full textTromomenta ili Claperyonova jednadžba koristi se za rješavanje statički neodređenih nosača koji imaju velik broj ležajeva i raspona, odnosno kontinuirane nosače. U uvodu je opisan problem, u teorijskom dijelu su izvedene temeljne jednadžbe za rješavanje zadanog problema. Riješeno je nekoliko primjera. Zadaci su riješeni i numeričkim putem uz pomoć programa „Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis“. Provedena je usporedba rezultata.Three-moment equation or Claperyon's equation is used for solving statically indeterminate carriers who have large number of supports and spans, respictevly continuous carriers. In the introduction the problem is described, in the theoretical part the fundamental equations for solving the given problem are derived. Several examples have been solved. Problems are solved numerically and with using the program „Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis“. A comparison of the results was carried out
Steady non-uniform flow through prismatic open channel
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je ustaljeno nejednoliko strujanje prizmatičnim koritima. Cilj je prikazati i analizirati pojavu ustaljenog nejednolikog strujanja s posebnim naglaskom na razumijevanje promjene dubine vode duž toka te identifikaciju karakterističnih krivulja vodne linije. Također je objašnjen značaj pojedinih krivulja vodne linije, poput krivulje uspora i krivulje depresije. Rad se sastoji od teorijskog i praktičnog dijela. U prvome, teorijskom dijelu rada obrađeni su temeljni pojmovi vezani uz hidrauliku otvorenih tokova, s naglaskom na Froudeov broj koji klasificira strujanje na mirno, kritično i brzo. U praktičnom dijelu provedena su laboratorijska ispitivanja s ciljem određivanja oblika i ponašanja navedenih krivulja. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju teorijske postavke i pridonose boljem razumijevanju dinamike strujanja.The topic of this thesis is steady non – uniform flow in prismatic channels. The aim is to present and analyze the phenomenon of gradually varied steady flow, with particular emphasis on understanding the variation of flow depth along the channel and identifying characteristic water surface profiles. The significance of individual profiles, such as backwater curves and drawdown curves, is also explained. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an experimental part. In the theoretical section, fundamental concepts related to open channel hydraulics are presented, with a focus on the Froude number, which is used to classify the flow regime as subcritical, critical or supercritical. The experimental part includes laboratory testing to determine the shape and behavior of the mentioned profiles. The results obtained confirm the theoretical assumptions and contribute to a better understanding of flow dynamics in open channels
Settlements and soil bearing capacity under shallow foundations
No full textU ovom radu izvedeno je analitičko ispitivanje nosivosti tla ispod plitkih temelja. U početnom dijelu teorijski su pojašnjeni pojmovi kako bi postupak analitičkog ispitivanja bio jasniji. Objašnjeni su pojmovi naprezanja u tlu i modeli po kojim se računaju te su objašnjene vrste naprezanja koje se mogu javiti u tlu pod određenim utjecajima. U radu se daje pojašnjenje za stišljivost i konsolidaciju tla te definicija i vrst slijeganje tla. Nakon toga slijede plitki temelji: vrste i modeli sloma ispod njih. U radu je izvedena usporedba fizikalnog i analitičko izračunatog zadatka te su dobiveni podaci uspoređeni kako bi se uvidjela točnost teorijskih pretpostavki i stvarnih uvjeta. Praktični dio sadrži podatke dobivene ispitivanjem tla iz softwarea „GeoStudio“ u kojim se pretpostavljaju parametri što sličniji stvarnim uvjetima u tlu. Rezultati su prikazani
grafički i brojčano.In this paper, an analytical test of the bearing capacity of the soil under shallow foundations was performed. In the initial part, concepts are explained theoretically in order to make the analytical examination process clearer. The concepts of stress in the soil and the models by which they are calculated are explained, and the types of stress that can occur in the soil under certain influences are explained. The paper provides an explanation for soil compressibility and consolidation, as well as the
definition and types of soil subsidence. This is followed by shallow foundations: the types and models of failure beneath them. In the paper, a comparison of the physical and analytically calculated tasks was performed, and the obtained data were compared in order to see the accuracy of the theoretical assumptions and actual conditions. The practical part contains data obtained by soil testing from the "GeoStudio" software, in which parameters as similar as possible to real soil conditions are assumed. The results are presented graphically and numerically
Activation of immovable cultural heritage in tourism - the case of the city of Slavonski Brod
No full textNepokretna kulturna baština predstavlja važan dio identiteta svakog kraja, a njezino aktivno uključivanje u turističku ponudu doprinosi očuvanju kulturnih vrijednosti i razvoju održivog turizma. Ovaj završni rad bavi se analizom mogućnosti aktiviranja nepokretne kulturne baštine na području Slavonskog Broda u svrhu turističkog razvoja. U radu se istražuje postojeće stanje iskorištenosti baštine u turizmu, analizira se dosadašnja praksa te se kroz domaće i međunarodne primjere nude prijedlozi za unaprjeđenje turističke ponude putem interpretacije, digitalizacije i uključivanja lokalne zajednice. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na potrebu jačanja promocije, edukacije te korištenja dostupnih fondova za očuvanje kulturnih dobara. Predmet istraživanja je turističko vrednovanje nepokretne kulturne baštine Slavonskog Broda, dok je cilj rada analizirati njezinu ulogu u sadašnjoj turističkoj ponudi te razmotriti potencijale za budući razvoj. U završnom dijelu rada provedeno je istraživanje koje sadrži stavove interesnih dionika iz kulture i turizma kroz koje se prikazuje njihova perspektiva o turističkoj ponudi kulturne baštine u Slavonskom Brodu. Zaključak rada pruža sažetak ključnih spoznaja provedenog istraživanja te donosi kritički osvrt na dobivene rezultate.Immovable cultural heritage represents a significant part of every region's identity. Its active inclusion in the tourism offer contributes to the preservation of cultural values and the development of sustainable tourism. This final thesis analyzes the possibilities for activating immovable cultural heritage in the area of Slavonski Brod for the purpose of tourism development. The paper explores the current state of heritage utilization in tourism, analyzes past practices, and offers suggestions for improving the tourism offer through interpretation, digitization, and community involvement, using both domestic and international examples. Special emphasis is placed on the need to strengthen promotion, education, and the use of available funds for the preservation of cultural assets.The subject of the research is the tourism valorization of the immovable cultural heritage of Slavonski Brod. The aim of the paper is to analyze its role in the current tourism offer and to consider potentials for future development. In the final part of the thesis, a study was conducted that includes the views of stakeholders from the fields of culture and tourism, presenting their perspectives on the cultural heritage tourism offer in Slavonski Brod. The conclusion of the paper provides a summary of the key findings of the research and offers a critical reflection on the obtained results
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko-arhitektonski projekt poslovne zone Retfala – jug u Osijeku, s posebnim naglaskom na razvoj poslovnog kompleksa usmjerenog na kongresni turizam. Kroz provedene urbanističke i prostorne analize osmišljen je poslovni kompleks koji se orijentira na kongresni turizam. Ključni prostorni element obuhvata predstavlja uzdignuta šetnica koja omogućuje nesmetano kretanje pješaka, povezujući Osijek s trgovačkim centrom Portanova te novoplaniranim poslovnim kompleksom. Zadnja zgrada smještena je na sjevernom dijelu obuhvata i prva je vizura dolaskom na šetnicu. Arhitektonski koncept temelji se na ideji povezivanja radnog okruženja s vanjskim prostorom, čime se stvara ugodna atmosfera za rad i boravak. Uvlačenjem elemenata iz okoliša u unutrašnjost objekta briše se granica između eksterijera i interijera. Osim toga, prostorna organizacija potiče spontane susrete interakciju korisnika kroz višeetažne prostore, organski oblikovane prodore, čime se osigurava dinamično i inspirativno radno okruženje.The topic of the final project is the urban-architectural design of the Retfala – South business zone in Osijek, with a particular focus on the development of a business complex oriented toward congress tourism. Based on urban and spatial analyses, a business complex has been designed to support and enhance congress-related activities. A key spatial element of the site is an elevated pedestrian promenade, which enables uninterrupted movement and connects the city of Osijek with the Portanova shopping center and the newly planned business complex. The designated building is located in the northern part of the site and acts as the primary visual landmark upon arrival to the promenade.The architectural concept is founded on the idea of integrating the working environment with the surrounding outdoor space, thereby creating a pleasant and stimulating atmosphere for work and interaction. By drawing elements of the exterior the boundary between inside and outside is intentionally blurred. Moreover, the spatial organization encourages spontaneous encounters and user interaction through multilevel spaces and organically shaped voids, resulting in a dynamic and inspiring working environment