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A review of organophosphonates, their natural and anthropogenic sources, environmental fate and impact on microbial greenhouse gases emissions – Identifying knowledge gaps
Get PDFUploaded file is the preprint of publication: Furtak Adam, Szafranek-Nakonieczna Anna, Furtak Karolina, Pytlak Anna, 2024, A review of rganophosphonates, their natural and anthropogenic sources, environmental fate and impact on microbial greenhouse gases emissions – Identifying knowledge gaps, Journal of Environmental Management, 355, 120453; DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120453Organophosphonates (OPs) are a unique group of natural and synthetic compounds, characterized by the presence of a stable, hard-to-cleave bond between the carbon and phosphorus atoms. OPs exhibit high resistance to abiotic degradation, excellent chelating properties and high biological activity. Despite the huge and increasing scale of OP production and use worldwide, little is known about their transportation and fate in the environment. Available data are dominated by information concerning the most recognized organophosphonate – the herbicide glyphosate - while other OPs have received little attention. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge about natural and artificial OPs is presented (including glyphosate). Based on the available literature, a number of knowledge gaps have been identified that need to be filled in order to understand the environmental effects of these abundant compounds. Special attention has been given to GHG-related processes, with a particular focus on CH4. This stems from the recent discovery of OP-dependent CH4 production in aqueous environments under aerobic conditions. The process has changed the perception of the biogeochemical cycle of CH4, since it was previously thought that biological methane formation was only possible under anaerobic conditions. However, there is a lack of knowledge on whether OP-associated methane is also formed in soils. Moreover, it remains unclear whether anthropogenic OPs affect the CH4 cycle, a concern of significant importance in the context of the increasing rate of global warming. The literature examined in this review also calls for additional research into the date of OPs in waste and sewage and in their impact on environmental microbiomes.National Science Centre, Polan
Istnieje nietrywialnie prawdziwe stwierdzenie w obliczalności które może być sfalsyfikowane i zawiera predykat K bieżącej wiedzy matematycznej
No full textK denotes both the knowledge predicate satisfied by every currently known theorem and the finite set of all currently known theorems. The set K is time-dependent and publicly available. Any theorem of any mathematician from past or present forever belongs to K. In the statement: It is unknown whether or not there are infinitely many twin primes, the predicate K occurs outside a formal mathematical statement. We prove the following Statement 1: there is a limit-computable function β:N→N of unknown computability which eventually dominates every function δ:N→N with a single-fold Diophantine representation. The aim of Statement 1 is to show that the predicate K can occur inside a formal mathematical statement. Statement 1 holds when, for every n∈N, β(n) is the smallest b∈N such that if a system of equations S⊆{1=x_k, x_i+x_j=x_k, x_i \cdot x_j=x_k: i,j,k∈{0,...,n}} has a unique solution in N^{n+1}, then this solution belongs to {0,...,b}^{n+1}. Statement 1 does not follow from any widely known mathematical theorem. Ignoring the epistemic condition in Statement 1, Statement 1 is implied by the following theorem of Royer and Case: There is a limit-computable function β_1:N→N which eventually dominates every computable function δ_1:N→N. The proof of Statement 1 shows that Statement 1 follows from some mathematical theorem and the following conjunction: ((The function β is computable)∉K)∧((The function β is uncomputable)∉K). We present an alternative proof of the theorem of Royer and Case
Polacy o Kosmosie. Sektor kosmiczny w perspektywie prawa, polityki i bezpieczeństwa
No full textFundacja AR
Late parenthood – quantitative aspects of the phenomenon
Get PDFCel. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka ilościowych aspektów późnego rodzicielstwa z wyodrębnieniem późnego macierzyństwa i późnego ojcostwa, a także porównanie aktualnego statystycznego późnego rodzicielstwa ze statystycznym rodzicielstwem. Metody i materiały. W badaniu zastosowano analizę danych zastanych. Jako dane posłużyły informacje zamieszczone w tomach Rocznika demograficznego datowanych na lata 2011, 2016, 2021–2023. Wyniki. W ujętych w analizie latach 2010–2022 w ogólnej liczbie urodzeń wzrastał wyrażony procentowo udział urodzeń żywych z zakresów: późnego macierzyństwa, późnego ojcostwa oraz późnego rodzicielstwa. Ustalono, że w urodzeniach żywych z zakresu późnego macierzyństwa największy udział miały matki z grupy wieku 35–39 lat. Wykazano, że mężatki przeważały nad samotnymi kobietami, a kobiety, które posiadają wykształcenie wyższe – nad kobietami z wykształceniem niższym. Stwierdzono, że pod względem kolejności urodzenia dziecka przez matkę charakteryzowane urodzenia najczęściej dotyczyły drugiego dziecka. Ustalono także, że późne statystycznie macierzyństwo w 2022 roku różniło się od ówczesnego statystycznego macierzyństwa. Różnice oraz korzyści starszych matek zauważono m.in. w poziomie wykształcenia. Wnioski. Późne macierzyństwo, późne ojcostwo oraz późne rodzicielstwo to społecznie ważne i upowszechniające się zjawiska. Przedstawiona w artykule analiza ilościowa może być punktem wyjścia do ich dalszego poznawania.Aim. The aim of the article is to characterize the quantitative aspects of late parenthood, distinguishing late motherhood and late fatherhood, as well as to compare the current statistical late parenthood with statistical parenthood. Methods and materials. The study used analysis of existing data. The data used was information included in the 2011, 2016, and 2021–2023 volumes of the Demographic Yearbook of Poland. Results. In the successive years of the period 2010–2022 included in the analysis, the percentage of live births increased in the following areas: late motherhood, late fatherhood, and late parenthood. It was found that mothers aged 35–39 had the greatest share in late motherhood live births. It was shown that married women outnumbered single women, and women with higher education outnumbered women with lower education. It was found that in terms of the order in which the child was produced by the mother, the characterized births most often concerned the second child. It was also established that late statistical motherhood in 2022 was different from statistical motherhood at that time. Differences and benefits of older mothers were noticed, among other things, in the level of education. Conclusion. Late motherhood, late fatherhood, and late parenthood are socially important and spreading phenomena. The quantitative analysis presented in the article can be a starting point for further exploration
Physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review
Get PDFIntroduction: This literature review explores the role of physical activity (PA) in managing and preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), synthesizing the latest guidelines for all T2DM patients. Following PRISMA guidelines, it identifies specific areas for further research. Methods: Indexing services (PubMed and Scopus) were used to identify relevant studies, emphasizing original research, review articles, and updated institutional guidelines spanning 2017-2023. The following keywords were used: diabetes, physical activity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, PA, and exercise. Proposal and opinion articles, non-English papers (or those lacking full-text translation), studies involving non-human subjects, pediatric populations or with skewed gender distribution were excluded. Results: PA improves quality of life, BMI, glycemic control and well-being. Effects vary by activity domain, such as work or leisure time. Recommendations suggest 60 daily minutes of exercise for children, 150 weekly minutes of moderate intensity exercise for adults, and screening for adverse events. A “sit-less” approach is proposed for those unable to maintain regular activity, with glycemic monitoring for those with variability. Conclusion: PA is crucial in T2DM management. Conflicting findings regarding glycemic control warrant further investigation to ascertain causes, whether related to bias or other factors
Wykorzystanie spektrometrii mas jonów wtórnych do pomiaru zakresu dyfuzji w światłowodach nanostrukturalnych
No full textDodatkowe materiały do artykułu:
Projekt włókna - FiberProject.png, FiberProject.mat
Elementy germanowe o różnej dyfuzji: Ge_Dif_0.png, Ge_Dif_23.png
Elementy iterbowe o różnej dyfuzji: Yb_Dif_0.png, Yb_Dif_23.png, Yb_Dif_153.png
Zdjęcia SEM wytworzonego włókna: MF SEM 1.tif, MF SEM 2.tif, MF SEM 3.tif, MF SEM 4.tifA new class of optical fibers with cores composed of various glass nanorods requires a method to determine the internal structure. In particular, the identification of various ion distributions at the fiber cross-section with nanometer accuracy is required. For this purpose, the classical depth profiling mode of the secondary ion mass spectrometry technique is applied. Multiple sampling with various rotation angles allows to retrieve the 1D profile of distribution for particular ions and determine their diffusion ranges. As a proof-of-concept, a nanostructured fiber composed of germanium-doped silica and ytterbium-doped silica rods is measured and the accuracy of the measurement is 3 nm. We show that the average diffusion length of germanium and ytterbium is about 41.5 and 116.6 nm, respectively. It is only 23% and as much as 153% of the initial rod diameter for Ge and Yb ions, respectively. The real diffusion range of particular ions has a significant impact on the refractive and gain media distribution in the fiber and influences the optical properties of the fiber. Therefore, information on diffusion is necessary to design nanostructured optical fibers correctly.National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, project No. LIDER/8/0055/L-12/20/NCBR/2021
National Science Centre, Poland, project No. MAESTRO UMO-2022/46/A/ST7/00238
Jak Feniks z popiołów. Cieszanów i okolice w latach 1944–1950
No full textMonografia Waldemara Czachura stanowi dogłębną analizę społeczno-politycznego i gospodarczego odbudowywania Cieszanowa i okolicznych miejscowości w latach 1944–1950. Autor, korzystając z bogatego materiału archiwalnego, źródeł pamiętnikarskich oraz relacji świadków, rekonstruuje złożoną rzeczywistość „wielkiej trwogi” — okresu przejściowego między okupacją niemiecką a konsolidacją władzy komunistycznej. Szczególną uwagę poświęca roli lokalnych elit, byłych członków Armii Krajowej oraz przedstawicieli struktur władzy ludowej, ukazując ich działania w kontekście odbudowy struktur administracyjnych, edukacyjnych i życia codziennego. Publikacja rzuca światło na dramatyczne losy społeczności dotkniętej konfliktem polsko-ukraińskim, polityczną niepewnością oraz traumą zniszczenia wojennego, dokumentując proces odradzania się lokalnej wspólnoty niczym „feniks z popiołów”
Evaluating variation in school dropout rates in rural Nepal: A statistical study
No full textThis study discusses the complex range of factors that impact educational quality and school dropout rates in Nepal. It mainly considers such factors as socio-economic, cultural, and environmental ones. Some of the most common problems include social norms, the prevalence of early marriage, poverty, high levels of illiteracy, lack of access to schools and school facilities, inadequate transportation, and lack of learning materials. The analysis uncovered severe variations in student-teacher ratios in institutional schools versus children in community schools in various provinces. The ratios were significantly higher in community schools and had a noxious impact on educational impressions. Furthermore, the investigation focuses on the connection between repetition rates and school leaving patterns. Repetition and repetition of many reasons of dropout were observed in the lower grades and transition phases, which were the most vulnerable and unstable periods to deal with. By statistical analysis, the case of high student-teacher ratios is proved, showing the imperativeness of the take-on measures. A problem of endurance in terms of the rural areas is crossing these hazardous places and the long travel distance in the way that dropout rates are increased even more. Cultural phenomena including early marital ties keep girls from getting continued education, increasing the number of female students who drop out at higher levels. The study reveals that improving infrastructure, creating economic assistance, enhancing the skills of the teachers, and encouraging community awareness as well is fundamental for the reduction of the dropout numbers and making quality education available for everyone. Accordingly, the time should be determined by elements targeting several factors that limit educational success in Nepal. which will facilitate more successful intervention in the at-risk persons and provide the children with equal education opportunities, thus, serving as one of the tolls for the future nation advancement
Pockets of Predictability: A Replication
Get PDFFarmer, Schmidt, and Timmermann (FST) document time-variation in market return predictability, identifying “pockets” of significant predictability through kernel regressions. However, our analysis reveals a critical discrepancy between the method outlined by FST and the code actually implemented. Instead of using a one-sided kernel, which guarantees out-of-sample forecasts, they perform in-sample estimation with a two-sided kernel. As a result, future information leaks into the forecasting model, undermining its reliability. Rectifying this error qualitatively alters the findings, invalidating most conclusions of the FST study. Thus, attempts to exploit such “pockets”—should they genuinely exist—offer little help in forecasting market returns.This research was funded in whole or in part by National Science Center of Poland
[Grant no. 2022/45/B/HS4/00451
Penal Populism in Media Communication from a Political Perspective
No full textCelem artykułu jest analiza zagadnienia populizmu penalnego w procesie komunikacji medialnej w ramach refleksji politologicznej. Praca zawiera próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czy w dobie komunikowania masowego zjawisko populizmu penalnego stanowi prawdziwą (r)ewolucję komunikacyjną, odgrywając ważną rolę jako ideologiczny nośnik w procesie porozumiewania się, czy też jest stałym elementem dyskursu politycznego? Rozważania dotyczące funkcji (jawnych i ukrytych), jakie pełni populizm penalny, podejmowane są z perspektywy socjotechniki władzy (socjotechniki politycznej). W pracy zastosowano metodę analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz metodę konstrukcji logicznej.The purpose of this article is to analyze the issue of penal populism in the process of media communication within the framework of political science reflection. The author attempts to answer the question of whether in the era of mass communication, the phenomenon of penal populism represents a real (r)evolution of communication, playing an important role as an ideological carrier in the process of communication or is a permanent element of political discourse. The consideration of the functions (overt and covert) that penal populism performs is undertaken from the sociotechnics of power (political sociotechnics) perspective. The paper uses the method of literature analysis and criticism, as well as the method of logical construction
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