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    24462 research outputs found

    Implementing European priorities in VET Making national VET agile, flexible, innovative, attractive, inclusive and quality-assured: Poland. Cedefop ReferNet thematic perspectives series

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    Perspektywy tematyczne Cedefop to krajowe przeglądy wybranych zagadnień, przeprowadzane w jednolitym formacie w państwach członkowskich UE, Islandii i Norwegii. Seria perspektyw tematycznych stanowi uzupełnienie ogólnych informacji na temat polityk oraz systemów kształcenia i szkolenia zawodowego (KSZ), dostępnych w bazie danych KSZ w Europie oraz Kalendarium polityki kształcenia i szkolenia zawodowego w Europie. Poruszane tematy zajmują istotne miejsce w europejskiej agendzie. Niniejsza perspektywa tematyczna została przygotowana na podstawie informacji z 2023 roku.Unia Europejska (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training) oraz budżet państwa (partner krajowy sieci ReferNet

    Improving workflow at the Emergency Department – simple lessons from the lean management concepts

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    Background: Work in the hospital emergency department (ED) is characterized by a significant (and sometimes excessive) number of patients in relation to medical staff and space and high variability of clinical situations, all in conditions of time deficit. The concept of lean management (LM) may be helpful in solving some of the organizational problems at the ED. One of the tools derived from LM is the 5S method (sort, set in order, shine, standardize and sustain), which serves to organize the workflow, eliminate waste and increase patient safety. Material and methods: In the ED of University Clinical Hospital in Opole (Poland) we used survey methods (questionnaires, direct interviews and group discussions with the participants) to identify the issues that caused the greatest difficulties in the work flow. 3 months after implementing changes, we conducted a survey among the participating ED nurses and paramedics to obtain opinions on the introduced changes. Results: Majority of the participants found the implemented changes (e.g. equipment checklists, standardized equipment and supply placement in all ED areas) ”definitely necessary” and ”rather necessary.” Conclusions: The implementation of LM, particularly the 5S method and checklists, seems to be useful in the organization of work in the ED and was positively assessed by the staff

    Co-deposited bimetallic Pt-Pd catalyst supported on MWCNTs/carbon cloth as an efficient DFAFC anode material

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    Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) is a promising energy source for portable devices due to its high theoretical open-circuit voltage (1.45 V), high power density, and the use of a nearly nontoxic fuel. To make DFAFC commercially feasible, it is necessary to develop an efficient catalyst for formic acid (FA) electrooxidation. Here, we present a nanostructured catalyst based on the Pd0.64Pt0.36 nanoparticles (Pd0.64Pt0.36 NPs) immobilized onto a carbon cloth-supported MWCNTs surface. The Pd0.64Pt0.36 NPs were electrochemically formed under potentiodynamic conditions by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) by electroreduction of PtCl4 and Pd(OAc)2 precursors, previously immobilized inside the MWCNTs framework. The resulting catalyst forms ∼4 nm diameter spherical NPs, well-separated from each other and uniformly decorating the entire MWCNTs surface. XRD analysis showed the presence of Pd- and Pt-rich phases, while DRIFT measurements clearly indicate that the catalyst is resistant to CO poisoning and much more active compared to pure Pd and Pt metal catalysts. The Pd0.64Pt0.36 catalyst has a high ECSA value (56.94 m2/g) and at least 80% active site availability. These parameters explain its high activity and stability toward FA electrooxidation. The performance of the Pd0.64Pt0.36 catalysts as an anode was evaluated in a DFAFC cell at a temperature of 60 °C and cathodic airflow of 200 mL/min. A long-term stability study measured under a 50 mA/cm2 load (14 h) for 3 M HCOOH showed excellent durability of the catalyst. DFAFC with a Pd0.64Pt0.36 catalyst shows an excellent power density value of 64 mW/cm2 at 250 mA/cm2

    Photochemical C3-amination of pyridines via Zincke imine intermediates

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    Selective skeletal and peripheral editing of the pyridine moiety has broadly expanded the chemical space. While C-H functionalization at C2 and C4 positions are enabled by the inherent reactivity of this heteroarene, selective derivatization at the C3 position has long posed a significant challenge. Recently, based on a dearomatization-rearomatization sequence, involving Zincke imine intermediates, selective halogenation (-Br, -Cl, and -I) and isotopic labelling were accomplished. Here, we report a mild and regioselective method for C3-amination that relies on the photochemical reaction of Zincke imine with an amidyl radical generated from N-aminopyridinium salts. Mechanistic and theoretical studies indicate that radical intermediates are involved and explain the C3 regioselectivity of the reaction.National Science Centre, Poland (MAESTRO UMO-2020/38/A/ST4/00185); PID2021-126075NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “Next Generation EU”/PRTR; MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 for the “Ramón y Cajal” scholarship (RYC2022-035776-I)

    Atmospheric oxidation of 1,3-butadiene: influence of seed aerosol acidity and relative humidity on SOA composition and the production of air toxic compounds

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    This study investigated the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the chemical composition of gas and particle phases formed from the photooxidation of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) in the presence of NOx under acidified and non-acidified seed aerosol. The experiments were conducted in a 14.5 m3 smog chamber operated in a steady-state mode. Products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. More than 50 oxygenated products were identified, including 33 oxygenated organics, 10 organosulfates (OSs), PAN, APAN, glyoxal, formaldehyde, and acrolein. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass and reaction products formed depended on RH and on the acidity of the seed aerosol. Based on the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM), the seed aerosol originated from the acidified and non-acidified solutions was found to exist under aqueous and solid phases, respectively. Although the terms “acidified” and “non-acidified” are true for the solutions from which the seeds were atomized, there are far more fundamental differences between the phase states in which species partition to or from (aqueous/solid), which considerably affects their partitioning and formation mechanisms. SOA mass and most SOA products (i) were higher under acidified seed conditions, where the aerosol particles were deliquescent, than under non-acidified seed conditions, where the aerosol particles did not contain any aqueous phase; (ii) increased with the acidity of the aerosol aqueous phase in the experiments under acidified seed conditions; and (iii) decreased with increasing RH. Glyceric acid, threitols, threonic acids, four dimers, three unknowns, and four organosulfates were among the main species measured under either acidified or non-acidified conditions across all RH levels. Total secondary organic carbon and carbon yield decreased with increasing RH under both acidified and non-acidified seed conditions. The photochemical reactivity of 13BD in our systems decreased with increasing RH and was faster under non-acidified than acidified seed conditions. To determine the contribution of 13BD products to ambient aerosol, we analyzed PM2.5 samples collected at three European monitoring stations located in Poland. The occurrence of several 13BD SOA products (e.g., glyceric acid, tartronic acid, threonic acid, tartaric acid, and OSs) in the field samples suggests that 13BD could contribute to ambient aerosol formation.National Science Centre, Poland, through an OPUS21 grant scheme (no. 2021/41/B/ST10/02748

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    Wybrane aspekty współpracy funkcjonariuszy Policji z personelem medycznym w trakcie przewożenia osób środkami transportu sanitarnego

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    W różnych sytuacjach służby medyczne i Policja współpracują ze sobą w kwestii wykonywania transportu medycznego. Zakres uprawnień i obo-wiązków poszczególnych podmiotów został uregulowany zarówno w aktach prawa wewnętrznego Policji, jak i aktach prawa powszechnie obowiązującego. W publikacji przeanalizowano poszczególne przepisy i wskazano sytuacje, w których policjant w czasie przemieszczania osoby specjalistycznymi środkami transportu sanitarnego powinien w nim przebywać, a kiedy powinien z tego zrezygnować. Wskazano również obszary, które należałoby w przyszłości uregulować i doprecyzować, tak aby zapewnić policjantom bezpieczeństwo prawne w zakresie poruszanych tematów

    Analiza metody rafinacji ołowiu z wykorzystaniem aluminium

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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the processes occurring during the refining of lead with aluminum, by analyzing and studying ternary Pb-(M)-Al systems, where M is one of the following metals: Sb, As, Se, Cu or Ni, which are the main contaminants of secondary lead from recycling waste lead-acid batteries. The Pb-Sb-Ca system, crucial for removing antimony while retaining tin, was also analyzed. The research included analysis of 2- and 3-component phase systems simulated, process kinetics under laboratory conditions for pure ternary systems, and chemical and phase composition analysis. Phase analysis showed the presence of permanent aluminum compounds such as AlSb, AlAs, Al2Se3,Al3Ni and phases with copper in the dross. In addition to the direct association of aluminum with a given contaminant, aluminum oxides such as Al0.5Sb0.5O2 and AlAsO4 as well as calcium oxide with antimony Ca4Sb2O7 were also found in the dross. On the basis of the tests carried out, 680 C was considered the optimal temperature for starting the refining process, with the amount of aluminum that was approx. The research provides new scientific data toward more efficient secondary lead refining technologies relevant to recycling waste lead-acid batteries and producing lead-tin alloys for the battery industry.This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science (Applied Doctorate Program, No. DWD/5/0149/2021)

    Where do farmers cooperate? Geography of cooperative farming in Poland based on the absorption of funds from the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union

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    Współdziałanie ma bogatą historię w rolnictwie. Pozwala m.in. obniżyć koszty działalności i wzmocnić pozycję na rynku względem podmiotów niezrzeszonych. W Polsce historia rolniczych spółdzielni produkcyjnych nierozerwalnie wiąże się z okresem PRL-u, kiedy to w myśl kolektywizacji odgórnie zaczęto tworzyć spółdzielnie. Lata 90. przynio- sły regres tej formy działalności. Celem badania jest rozpoznanie aktualnego zróżnicowania przestrzennego spółdzielni rolniczych pozyskujących środki finansowe ze Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej Unii Europejskiej (WPR UE) w Polsce na poziomie gmin oraz ocena ich rozmieszczenia pod kątem wybranych czynników – uwarunkowań (przyrodniczych i pozaprzyrodniczych). Badanie zrealizowano na podstawie analizy wielkości środków pozyskanych w ramach dopłat bezpośrednich z WPR UE (wg stanu w 2022 r.), które to stanowiły podstawę oszacowania powierzchni gruntów w użytkowaniu spółdzielni. W 2022 r. działało w Polsce 967 podmiotów spółdzielczych, które pozyskały 323,8 mln zł płatności z tytułu realizacji działań WPR UE (1,3% ogólnej kwoty dopłat). Niemal 60% spółdzielni pozyskiwało płatności obszarowe do łącznej powierzchni prawie 150 tys. ha (1,2% ogólnej powierzchni zgłoszonej do dopłat obszarowych; średnio 272 ha na jedną spółdzielnię). Rolnicze spółdzielnie produkcyjne koncentrują się na kluczowych – z punktu widzenia rozwoju rolnictwa – obszarach kraju, takich jak województwo wielkopolskie i opolskie, natomiast głównym czynnikiem pozwalającym ocenić ich rozkład przestrzenny są dawne granice polityczne.Cooperation has a rich history in agriculture. Among other things, it allows for reducing operating costs and strengthening the market position in relation to non-affiliated entities. In Poland, the history of agricultural production cooperatives is inextricably linked to the period of the Polish People’s Republic, when, in accordance with collectivisation, cooperatives began to be established from above. The 1990s brought a decline in this form of activity. The aim of the study is to identify current spatial differences among agricultural cooperatives obtaining funds from the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (EU CAP) in Poland at the municipal level and to assess their distribution in terms of selected factors – conditions (natural and non-natural). The study was carried out on the basis of an assessment of the amount of funds obtained under subsidies from the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (as of 2022), which were the basis for estimating the area of cooperatives. In 2022, there were 967 cooperative entities operating in Poland, which obtained PLN 323.8 million in payments for the implementation of EU CAP measures (1.3% of the total amount of subsidies). Almost 60% of cooperatives obtained area payments for a total area of almost 150 thousand hectares (1.2% of the total area reported for area payments; an average of 272 ha per cooperative). Agricultural production cooperatives are concentrated in key areas of the country from the point of view of agricultural development, such as Wielkopolskie and Opolskie Voivodeships, while the main factor allowing for assessing their spatial distribution is the former political borders

    Zarządzanie finansami osobistymi a gotowość do oszczędzania emerytalnego wśród młodego pokolenia: przypadek „generacji Z” z województwa podlaskiego

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    Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i analiza postaw młodych dorosłych z pokolenia Z (18–30 lat) zamieszkujących województwo podlaskie wobec długoterminowego oszczędzania emerytalnego w ramach III filaru systemu emerytalnego w Polsce. Na tle zmian demograficznych i rosnącej odpowiedzialności jednostki za zabezpieczenie emerytalne, autorzy wskazują, że młodzi Polacy wykazują niskie zaufanie do instrumentów emerytalnych (IKE, IKZE, PPK), ograniczoną wiedzę finansową oraz dominujące podejście krótkoterminowe. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród 152 osób ujawnia, że choć 34% młodych deklaruje chęć oszczędzania w przyszłości, tylko niewielki odsetek faktycznie odkłada środki na emeryturę. Główne bariery to brak wiedzy, niskie dochody, brak zaufania do systemu i przekonanie, że jest „za wcześnie” na oszczędzanie. Młodsi respondenci (18–24 lata) rzadziej myślą o emeryturze i mają niższą samoocenę wiedzy niż starsi (25–30 lat). Internet i rodzina to główne źródła informacji, a doradcy finansowi i szkoły pełnią marginalną rolę edukacyjną. Autorzy wskazują na potrzebę regionalnych działań edukacyjnych i komunikacyjnych, aby zwiększyć świadomość, przełamać bariery i aktywizować młodych do uczestnictwa w III filarze. Rekomendacje obejmują kampanie informacyjne, segmentację komunikacji według wieku oraz rozwój nowoczesnych narzędzi cyfrowych wspierających decyzje finansowe

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