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Aromatic and nutritional profile of an Amazonian autochthonous species, Caramuri Pouteria elegans (A.DC.) Baehni
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to characterize Caramuri Pouteria elegans (A.DC.) Baehni, an exotic fruit of the Amazonian biome to highlight it is a new source nutritional potential. The nutritional (vitamin A, B, C, and E) and volatile composition of the fruits was determined by physical [mass, diameter (longitudinal and transverse), yield] and chemical characterization (pH, acidity, soluble solids, proximate and mineral compositions) using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The amount of vitamin C, potassium, and magnesium detected per 100 g of sample was 143.08 mg, 97.50 mg, and 14.75 mg, respectively. Volatile profile by HS-SPME revealed 87 peaks, however, only 26 peaks were noted due to the small peak area (<1.0). Arithmetic and Kovats retention indexes were calculated for compound(s) identification. The percentage of volatiles identification was 88.46%. The majority compound was α-Pinene with 21.77%. The study reveals that Caramuri is a great source of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C. © 2019, © 2019 Jaime Paiva Lopes Aguiar, Edson Pablo da Silva, Raimundo Carlos Pereira Junior, Dionisia Nagahama and Francisca das C. Do A. Souza. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Revision of the Traumatomutilla americana species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
No full textTraumatomutilla is a diverse genus of Neotropical velvet ants (Mutillidae). Here we revise the T. americana species group, recognizing three species. Mutilla dubia Fabricius, 1804, M. simulans Smith, 1855, M. albata Smith, 1879, and M. obsoleta (Klug, 1821) are proposed as junior synonyms of Traumatomutilla americana (Linnaeus, 1758). Traumatomutilla maula Casal, 1969, Ephuta punctosignata André, 1906, Mutilla latevittata Cresson, 1902, and M. oculifera Smith, 1855 are proposed as junior synonyms of Traumatomutilla quadrum (Klug, 1821). Mutilla acara Cresson, 1902, M. polita Smith, 1855, M. gemina Gerstaecker, 1874, M. trinacria Gerstaecker, 1874, M. lasiogastra Burmeister, 1875, and M. cuyana Burmeister, 1875 are proposed as junior synonyms of Traumatomutilla ocellaris (Klug, 1821). Traumatomutilla bellifera (Gerstaecker, 1874) is transferred to the T. trochanterata species-group; T. lunigera (Gerstaecker, 1874) and T. compar (André, 1898) are transferred to the T. inermis species-group. Both sexes are redescribed for all species. Notes on the biology and host association for T. ocellaris are provided. Finally, identification keys to the species and color forms of the T. americana group are provided. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press
Amazonian trees show increased edge effects due to Atlantic Ocean warming and northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone since 1980
No full textRecent investigations indicate a warming of Atlantic Ocean surface waters since 1980, probably influenced by anthropic actions, inducing rainfall intensification mainly during the rainy season and slight reductions during the dry season in the Amazon. Under these climate changes, trees in upland forests (terra firme) could benefit from the intensification of the hydrological cycle and could also be affected by the reduction of precipitation during the dry season. Results of dendrochronological analyses, spatial correlations and structural equation models, showed that Scleronema micranthum (Ducke) Ducke (Malvaceae) trees exposed in fragmented areas and to edge effects in Central Amazonian terra firme forest were more sensitive to the increase in the Atlantic Ocean surface temperature and consequent northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, mainly during the dry season. Therefore, we proved that in altered and potentially more stressful environments such as edges of fragmented forests, recent anthropogenic climatic changes are exerting pressure on tree growth dynamics, inducing alterations in their performance and, consequently, in essential processes related to ecosystem services. Changes that could affect human well-being, highlighting the need for strategies that reduce edge areas expansion in Amazon forests and anthropic climate changes of the Anthropocene. © 2019 Elsevier B.V
Planejamento quimiométrico para caracterização de ácido elágico e seus derivados a partir de Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. e seu potencial antimalárico
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A ictiofauna do interflúvio Purus-Madeira e os fatores estruturantes em múltiplas escalas
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to increase our knowledge about the stream-fish fauna of PurusMadeira Interfluve and evaluate the main ecological gradients that act in the assemblages structuring, incorporating both spatial and temporal scales. In the first chapter we present a checklist of streamfish of Purus-Madeira Interfluve, built up from new expeditions to difficult-to-access drainages and also by incorporating the previously listed records for the region. The final list consisted of 184 species, of which 43 were only collected in our samples and five genera represent new records for the Madeira River basin. The number of species recorded is higher than those usually found in other stream studies in the Amazon and suggests that this region harbor a biodiversity whose structuring factors still need to be better understood. In the second chapter we seek to understand how the taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of stream fish assemblages are influenced by local and landscape variables. Our results indicate that, at large spatial scales, distance to large rivers is more important than distance among sites and local conditions in explaining functional and taxonomic diversity of fish assemblages and more isolated streams tend to have fewer species and less functional diversity. In the third chapter, we analyze the interannual variation in the composition of fish assemblages of 11 intermittent streams of the Purus-Madeira Interfluvie. The composition of the assemblages was quite variable between years, however the streams more connected with the floodplain presented more stable assemblages and shared more species between years, while the most distant assemblages present high species substitution over the analyzed period. Our results provides a clue that these assemblages are structured both by stochastic processes of dispersion and local extinction, and by the recruitment dynamics of the floodplain.O objetivo desta tese foi ampliar o nível de conhecimento sobre a fauna de peixes de riacho do interflúvio Purus-Madeira e compreender quais os principais gradientes ecológicos que atuam na estruturação das assembleias, incorporando tanto escalas espaciais quanto temporais. No primeiro capítulo nós apresentamos uma lista de ocorrência dos peixes de riacho do interflúvio Purus-Madeira, construída a partir de novas expedições às drenagens de difícil acesso e também através da incorporação dos registros previamente listados para a região. A lista final foi composta por 184 espécies, das quais 43 foram apenas coletadas na nossa amostragem e cinco gêneros representam novos registros para a bacia do rio Madeira. O número de espécies registradas é maior do que aqueles usualmente encontrados em outros estudos de riachos na Amazônia e sugere que a região abriga uma biodiversidade cujos fatores estruturantes ainda precisam ser melhor compreendidos. No segundo capítulo nós buscamos compreender como os padrões de diversidade taxonômica e funcional das assembleias de peixes de riacho são influenciados por variáveis locais e da paisagem. Nossos resultados mostram que em amplas escalas geográficas, a distância aos grandes rios é mais importante que a distância por água e que as condições ambientais na determinação de dissimilaridade taxonômica e funcional de assembleias e que riachos mais isolados tendem a ter menos espécies e menos diversidade funcional. No terceiro capítulo, nós analisamos a variação interanual da composição das assembleias de peixes de 11 riachos intermitentes do interflúvio Purus-Madeira. A composição das assembleias foi bastante variável entre anos, entretanto os riachos mais conectados com a planície de inundação apresentaram assembléias mais estáveis e compartilharam mais espécies entre anos, enquanto que as assembléias mais afastadas apresentam alta substituição de espécies ao longo do período analisado. Nossos resultados são um indício de que essas assembléias são estruturadas tanto por processos estocásticos de dispersão e extinção local, quanto pela influência das dinâmicas de recrutamento da planície de inundação
Ictiofauna de lagos de várzea da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus (RDS-PP), baixo rio Purus
Get PDFThe ichthyofauna of the rio Purus has been little investigated, especially in its lower portion, characterized by diverse aquatic environments, especially in flooded areas. We inventoried the ichthyofauna of floodplain lakes with different management efforts in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus (RDS-PP), which represent important resource for commercial fishing in North region, in the first illustrated inventory of the fish fauna from lower rio Purus. We surveyed 20 lakes, classified as open access (eight lakes) and protected (12 lakes) during 2009 low water levels. A total of 2,299 individuals were collected, represented by seven orders, 25 families and 74 species. Characiformes was the most representative order in number of species and families, followed by Siluriformes, Cichliformes, Gymnotiformes, Clupeiformes, and Osteoglossiformes. Most abundant and frequent species were Pygocentrus nattereri, Triportheus angulatus, Serrasalmus sp. "2n=58", Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps, and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Protected lakes presented higher species richness compared to open access lakes. Similarly, protected lakes possessed 26 species occurring exclusively, with emphasis on Colossoma macropomum, an important species for fisheries due to its commercial importance. We added 44 new records of fish species for the lower rio Purus. Our results indicate the potential efficiency of zoning systems of open access and protected lakes established by local population and ruled by RDS-PP for fisheries management. Therefore, we strongly suggest its maintenance for conservation of ichthyofauna of floodplain lakes of lower rio Purus. © 2019, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved
30 anos de pesquisas em ciências agronômicas na Amazônia: livros de resumos: artigos científicos publicados por pesquisadores da CPCA em revistas indexadas no período de 1975 - 2005
No full textEsta obra reúne 319 resumos e abstracts dos artigos científicos completos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais indexados por pesquisadores da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ciências Agronômicas – CPCA, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA e seus colaboradores. Para promover a divulgação das informações contidas, estes artigos estão apresentados em português, com o objetivo de recuperar a história científica da CPCA em 30 anos de atividades na região amazônica, compreendendo o período 1975-2005. Ao folhear este livro, o leitor poderá acompanhar a evolução dos resultados gerados em diversas áreas temáticas relacionadas com as ciências agrárias, enfatizando-se a originalidade das pesquisas. Para a apresentação dos resumos, obedeceu-se a uma organização temático-temporal, e estes foram subdivididos segundo a sua área temática e apresentados na sequência cronológica, do trabalho mais antigo ao mais atual. Nas referências listadas, os nomes dos pesquisadores e dos ex-pesquisadores estão sublinhados
Social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) on carcasses of Rattus norvegicus (Mammalia: Muridae) in the Central Amazonia, Brazil: possible forensic implications
No full textWe evaluated the occurrence of social wasps in the decomposition process in tropical rainforest in central Amazonia (Ducke Reserve, Manaus, Brazil), using cadavers of rats as attractants, exposed in suspended cages. Ten species, in three genera, of social wasps were collected only in the initial stages of decay (fresh and bloated). Five species were collected, mainly in the fresh stage, feeding on flesh: Agelaia angulata, Agelaia constructor, Agelaia fulvofasciata, Agelaia pallipes and Angiopolybia pallens. Five species were collected, mainly in the bloated stage, feeding on flesh and eggs and first instar larvae of dipteran: Agelaia testacea, Angiopolybia obidensis, Apoica arborea, Apoica pallens and Apoica thoracica. Due to the aspect of the injuries caused by the wasps to the carcass, they may be mistaken as skin ulcers, burns or abrasions, which may mislead a forensic investigation. © 2019 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologi