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First records of Ropalomeridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from French Guiana
No full textThe family Ropalomeridae Schiner, 1868 (Diptera, Acalyptratae) is recorded from French Guiana for the first time, with two species, Ropalomera clavipes (Fabricius, 1805) and R. tibialis Walker, 1852, collected in lowland rainforest in the southwesternmost part of French Guiana (Mitaraka Mountains). © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris
A name for the nurse-frog (Allobates, Aromobatidae) of Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia
No full textWe describe a new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatidae, Allobates) from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, southeastern Brazilian Amazonia. Allobates carajas sp. nov. is distinguished from similar congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: body-size range (snout-to-vent length 16.5–19.1 mm), dorsal color pattern with a dark brown hourglass-shaped mark, by the absence of a pale dorsolateral stripe and presence of a pale ventrolateral stripe, absence of a pale paracloacal mark, by overall bright yellow ventral colors of live male and female specimens, and by the posterior labium of tadpoles, with a single row of pyramidal papillae medially. The advertisement call of the new species is highly variable, with four possible temporal arrangements of notes (continuous emission of notes separated by regular silent intervals, continuous emission of notes separated by irregular silent intervals, emission of discrete note trills, and sporadic emission of single notes). Duration of notes range between 0.020–0.060 s, and the dominant frequency of notes range from 4.75 to 5.38 kHz. The new species is currently known only from forested habitats within Floresta Nacional de Carajás. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres
Mecomera audinet-Serville, 1839 (Dermaptera: Spongiphoridae): Proposal of new diagnosis, descriptions and illustrations of all three-known species
No full textMecomera Audinet-Serville, 1839 (Spongiphoridae: Sparattinae) is a neotropical genus with three species: M. brunnea Audinet-Serville, M. chacoensis (Borelli) and M. reichardti Brindle. By comparing specimens of the three Mecomera species (types and ordinary material) to their respective original descriptions and drawings, it was determined that the descriptions are over-simplified and the drawings are not fully accurate. To prevent future identification problems, new diagnosis, descriptions and images of the external body and male genitalia of the three Mecomera species are provided. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres
Atividade entomopatogênica de fungos de solo da Amazônia em Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Trace elements and microbiological parameters in farmed Nile tilapia with emphasis on muscle, water, sediment and feed
No full textFish may bioaccumulate contaminants from the aquatic environment and extend them to the food chain provoking risks to human health. This study evaluated the microbiological parameters of the pond´s water and trace elements concentrations in samples of water, sediment, feed and muscle of farmed Nile tilapia used for human consumption in southern Brazil. A total of 240 fish were collected from 12 tilapia farms. Sediment, tank water and dry ration used in the animals' diet were collected for analysis. Analysis were performed by Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS-VGA). In addition, the microbiological analysis of the water was carried out. The concentrations of Se, I, Fe, Cu and Zn in fish muscle were higher than the recommended by the Brazilian legislation, considering the advised daily intake for adults. The arsenic element had concentrations above the limit stipulated by the present Brazilian legislation, observed in all samples of muscle, sediment and tank water highlighting a possible environmental and fish contamination by the toxic element. Moreover, the arsenic concentration in the water presented a positive correlation (ρ = 0.33) with arsenic in the muscle, suggesting that tilapia is a good environmental bioindicator, once they properly reflect the levels of arsenic in the water. It is suggested to perform an arsenic speciation for quantification of the inorganic form and accurate assessment of the degree of toxicity in the muscle samples and risks it can bring to human health. Regarding the other potentially toxic elements (Hg, Pb and Cd), and microbiological analysis of water it was verified that the consumption of the fish in question does not raise risks, since the values are within a quality benchmark established by law. The concentration of total and fecal coliforms in pond´s water in the facilities was in agreement with the microbiological indexes required by the legislation of CONAMA class II. Western region presented the lowest concentrations of fecal coliforms when compared to the other regions. There was no significant difference in the microbiological counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. among the regions. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Estrututa funcional das comunidades arbóreas de florestas alagáveis na Amazônia Central
Get PDFUnderstanding the structure of plant communities is essential to make ecological predictions about environmental changes. As tropical floodplains are a growing target for anthropogenic impacts, they require further studies to support effective conservation strategies. In this thesis, we investigated the functional structure of tree communities of várzea and igapó floodplain forests in Central Amazonia, in relation to seasonal flooding and soil properties. Soil properties were good predictors of functional traits variation, differentiating ecological strategies between várzea and igapó communities. Várzea communities were characterized by trait values related to a better use and acquisition of resources and a fast growth, while igapó communities were characterized by trait values related to a better conservation of resources, development of persistent tissues and, consequently, slow growth. Surprisingly, flooding level and duration influenced little traits variation, even within communities with the same soil type. We also found that traits differentiation between várzea and igapó occurred even between species phylogenetically related with the same pattern of differentiation among the strategies of acquisition versus conservation of resources, indicating the process of habitat specialization. Our results also showed that the attribute wood density differs between the stem and the branch, both in the várzea and igapós, compared to the terra firme. This suggests the existence of ecological strategies related to specific abiotic conditions acting on the arboreal community of floodplain ecosystems. Based on our results, we conclude that soil properties in local scale are determinant factors for functional structure in tree communities of floodplain forests, and are responsible for the differentiation in species composition and ecological strategies between these communities, contributing to the increase in species diversity in Amazonian floodplain forests. We recommend that the development of ecological strategies for floodplain forests conservation should be prepared for each forest type, considerating their different functions.a estrutura das comunidades vegetais é essencial para fazer predições ecológicas frente às mudanças ambientais. Como as florestas alagáveis tropicais são um alvo crescente dos impactos antrópicos, elas necessitam de mais estudos para fundamentar estratégias eficazes para sua conservação. Nesta tese investigamos a estrutura funcional de comunidades arbóreas de florestas alagáveis de várzea e igapó de águas pretas da Amazônia Central, em relação ao alagamento sazonal e as propriedades do solo. As propriedades do solo foram bons preditores da variação dos atributos funcionais, diferenciando as estratégias ecológicas entre as comunidades de várzea e igapó. As comunidades de várzea se caracterizaram por possuírem valores de atributos relacionados ao melhor uso e captação dos recursos e um crescimento rápido, enquanto que as comunidades do igapó se caracterizaram por possuírem valores de atributos para melhor conservação dos recursos, desenvolvimento de tecidos mais resistentes e, consequentemente, crescimento mais lento. Surpreendentemente, o nível e a duração do alagamento tiveram pouca influência na variação dos atributos, mesmo entre as comunidades com o mesmo tipo de solo. Nós também encontramos que a diferenciação dos atributos funcionais entre várzea e igapó ocorre mesmo entre espécies filogeneticamente próximas, com o mesmo padrão de diferenciação entre as estratégias aquisição versus conservação de recursos, indicando a ocorrência do processo de especialização do habitat. Nossos resultados também mostraram que o atributo densidade da madeira difere entre o caule e o ramo, tanto nas várzeas quanto nos igapós, em comparação com a terra firme. Isto sugere a existência de estratégias ecológicas relacionadas à características abióticas específicas atuando sobre a comunidade arbórea dos ecossistemas alagáveis. Podemos concluir com nossos resultados, que as propriedades do solo em escala local são fatores determinantes na estruturação funcional das comunidades de árvores das florestas alagáveis, e são responsáveis pela diferenciação na composição de espécies e nas estratégias ecológicas entre estas comunidades, contribuindo para o aumento da diversidade de espécies em florestas alagáveis na Amazônia. Nós recomendamos que as estratégias para conservação das florestas alagáveis devam ser elaboradas para cada tipo de floresta, considerando suas diferenças funcionais
Efeito da época de amostragem sobre a densidade e as características florísticas do banco de sementes do solo de Floresta Aberta com Bambu no leste do Acre
No full textIsolamento e identificação de 4?,5,7- trihidroxiflavona (apigenina) do extrato metanólico das cascas de Campsiandra comosa Benth.
No full textNew south American species of crossopalpus bigot (diptera: Hybotidae: Tachydromiinae), including biogeographical insights and a reinterpretation of female abdominal tergite 10 in drapetidini
No full textCrossopalpus is a rather diverse genus of tachydromiine flies, but regionally the genus is nowhere very speciose. Knowledge on the South American Crossopalpus before this paper included two described species from Andean related habitats, with several biomes from the eastern part of the continent being completely unexplored. Herein, we describe four new species of Crossopalpus from eastern South America, namely: C. albivertex sp. nov., C. aliceae sp. nov., C. goliathus sp. nov., and C. xanthogaster sp. nov. New diagnoses and high quality photographs are made available for C. armipes (Bezzi, 1909) and C. pennescens (Melander, 1918), including some characters used for the first time to distinguish South American species. We provide a key for identification of the six South American species, discussion about the position of Crossopalpus in Drapetidini, and some biogeographical insights including preferred habitats and seasonality of the South American species. We discuss the apparent loss of tergite 10 in females of Drapetidini, introducing a reinterpretation where the sclerite may be present in some genera of the tribe, but fused to the cerci and/or sternite 10. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres