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Taxonomia e Biologia de Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) no Brasil
Get PDFIlyobius Enderlein, 1910 together with the Protosialis Van der Weele, 1909 are the only genera of Sialidinae occurring in the Neotropical region. To date, only Ilyobius has been registered in Brazil, with three species. The genus is composed of 12 species, known practically, only in the adult stage, because the larva of only one species, Ilyobius chilensis McLachlan, 1981, is formally described an illustrated. Of the three species that occur in the country, only Ilyobius flammatus Penny, 1981 has the known larva, but not formally described. Considering the lack of knowledge about Ilyobius in Brazil, this study aimed to increase the taxonomic and biological knowledge about species of this genus in Brazil. The collections were planned, mainly, considering evidence of larvae found in the literature. Low-order streams located in the North (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins), Central-West (Mato Grosso, Federal District), Southeastern (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and Southern (Rio Grande do Sul) regions were sampled. A total of 163 larvae of the genus were collected, 150 were raised under laboratory conditions and 60 reached the adult stage. Adults were collected with Malaise traps installed under the water courses. As a result of the present study, larva and pupa of I. flammatus and I. hauseri were described and illustrated; six new species for Science were described and illustrated based on adults, larvae, pupae and two morphotypes. Biological informations was collected and the geographical distribution was showed for each species/morphotype. A key illustrated to identify adult males of the 15 Neotropical species (including the new species described here), and a key illustrated to identify last-stage larval of 11 species (including two morphotypes) were elaborated. The I. hauseri neotype was designated and the I. flammatus female was described and illustrated. In this work, the number of species of Ilyobius in Brazil increases from three to
nine, and the results indicate that the diversity of Sialidade in Brazil is much larger than the one
known, considering that with few localities sampled in the country, the number of known
species practically doubledSialidinae possui dois gêneros, apenas dois ocorrem na região Neotropical, Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 e Protosialis Van der Weele, 1909. Até o momento, apenas Ilyobius foi registrado no Brasil, com três espécies. O gênero é composto por 12 espécies conhecidas, praticamente, apenas no estágio adulto, somente a larva de Ilyobius chilensis McLachlan, 1981, é descrita formalmente. Das três espécies que ocorrem no país, apenas Ilyobius flammatus Penny, 1981 tem larva conhecida, mas não descrita formalmente. Tendo em vista o pouco conhecimento sobre Ilyobius no Brasil este estudo teve como objetivos ampliar o conhecimento taxonômico e biológico sobre espécies desse gênero no país. As coletas foram planejadas, principalmente, levando em consideração indícios de presença de larvas encontrados na literatura. Riachos de baixa ordem localizados nas regiões Norte (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins), Centro-Oeste (Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal), Sudeste (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) e Sul (Rio Grande do Sul) foram amostrados. Um total de 163 larvas do gênero foram coletadas, 150 foram criadas em condições de laboratório e 60 atingiram o estágio adulto. Adultos foram coletados com armadilhas Malaise instalados sob os cursos d’água. Larva e pupa de I. flammatus e I. hauseri foram descritas e ilustradas; seis espécies novas para a Ciência foram descritas e ilustradas com base em adultos, larvas e pupas e larva de dois morfótipos foram descritas. Informações biológicas foram coletadas e a distribuição geográfica foi apresentada para cada espécie/morfótipo. Uma chave ilustrada para identificar machos adultos das 15 espécies Neotropicais e uma chave ilustrada para identificar larvas de último estádio de 11 espécies/ morfótipos foram elaboradas. O neótipo de I. hauseri foi designado e a fêmea de I. flammatus foi descrita e ilustrada. Neste trabalho, o número de espécies de Ilyobius no Brasil passa de três para nove, com previsão de pelo menos mais duas espécies serem descritas, com base nos morfótipos descrtos. Os resultados indicam que a diversidade de Sialidade no Brasil é muito maior do que a conhecida, tendo em vista que com poucas localidades amostradas no país, o número de espécies conhecidas praticamente triplicou
Home Range of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in the Trombetas River Biological Reserve, Pará, Brazil
No full textAdult Podocnemis unifilis were monitored using VHF radio tracking from September 2013 to September 2014 in the Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve, Pará, Brazil. Our aim was to analyze the use of space by this species near the nesting beach base by describing size and overlap of estimated home ranges. Transmitters were attached to 10 males and 10 females. The mean home range size calculated through the fixed-kernel (FK) method with 95% of the fixes was 79.28 ± 77.08 ha (0.56-215.07 ha; n = 13). The mean of overlapping areas was 14% with FK95% (0.02%-81%; n = 13) and 5% with FK50% (0.1%-23%; n = 9). There was a significant difference in the mean overlapping areas between females and males. The analysis of the overlap of activity centers estimated by FK50% is extremely important for the establishment of conservation strategies in the management plan for this species in the reserve. We were able to identify 2 critical areas for the maintenance of this population where there was a frequent overlap of activity centers: the first, identified during the dry season, was composed of small overlaps among 7 turtles and was near the nesting areas on the clay banks within the Lago Jacaré; the second, identified during the rainy season, was composed of a concentration of overlap areas of larger size among 6 turtles and was an open area in the flooded forest. It is important not only to protect the nesting areas during the dry season but also to protect flooded forest areas with the major intensity of use along with the canals that link the flooded forests to the lakes in the rainy season. For conservation purposes, it is necessary to continue the protection of the nesting beaches throughout the savannas inside the lake where the species nests in the dry season. The flooded forest areas that are zones of intense use during the rainy season, and the canals where the turtles can move between lakes must be protected throughout the year. © 2019 Chelonian Research Foundation
First record of pouteria franciscana baehni (Chrysophylloideae, sapotaceae) in amapá state, eastern Brazilian Amazonia
Get PDFThis is the first record of Pouteria franciscana Baehni (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil. We provide a brief description as well as a distribution map, illustrations, and a table with useful features to distinguish P. franciscana from its morphologically related Amazonian species. Using geographic data and applying IUCN criteria, we assign the status as Least Concern for P. franciscana. © Vasconcelos et al
Description of the male of hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera, ichneumonidae, pimplinae)
Get PDFThe role of Late Pleistocene-Holocene tectono-sedimentary history on the origin of patches of savanna vegetation in the middle Madeira River, southwest of the Amazonian lowlands
No full textSavanna patches are features of the Amazonian landscape that have been long under intense debate, but there are still questions about the main factors that have determined their establishment and evolution within the rainforest matrix. In particular, their geological substrates were poorly documented. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary history of four savanna patches in the middle Madeira River, southwest Amazonia, and discuss its potential control over the development of the savanna communities. The approach consisted in the integration of geomorphological, sedimentological, chronological and floristic data. The results revealed that the savanna substrates are sandy deposits aged between 118.9 and 35.6 ky, overlain by late Pleistocene to Holocene muddier successions <25,700 cal yr BP. Most of the geologically stable and topographically higher terrains of the geomorphological unit T1 is dominated by forests. These intermingle with open habitats formed by renewed sedimentation that were colonized by tree and shrub species of the Amazonian biome. By contrast, the ground of unit T2 subsided to a level that allowed the meandering of the main river. This process resulted in the replacement of the rainforest by open habitats dominated by savannas with lower richness and diversity than in the T1 unit, which were dominated by species with wide distribution in the cerrado biome of Central Brasil. The cerrado species might have expanded into this region during Pleistocene drier climatic episodes, but environmental filters shaped by geological processes determined the floristic contrasts between units T1 and T2. The lack of competition with Amazonian species probably constituted an important factor for the preferential colonization of arboreal and shrubby species from neighboring cerrados on meandering scroll bars, marginal levees and crevasse splays of unit T2. © 2019 Elsevier B.V
Revisão e análise filogenética de Elmohardyia Rafael, 1987 (Diptera: Pipunculidae)
Get PDFElmohardyia Rafael, 1987 (Diptera: Pipunculidae: Pipunculinae) is exclusively a New World genus, with greater richness and diversity in the Neotropical region. The genus currently comprises 63 described species (including one subspecies), of which only two are known from the Neartic region. There is no identification key for the species of the genus, there has never been a study directed to test its monophyletism, and the phylogenetic relationships among its species have never been investigated. The taxonomic revision of the neotropical species was made by Rafael in 1988 when the genus was represented by few described species. After that, few papers were published, including descriptions of new species or revisions of local faunas. As for the external morphology, in general, the descriptions and redescriptions of the species of the genus are adequate, however, the descriptions of the male terminalia are succinct and important characters for the recognition and separation of the species were omitted. The objectives of this work were: (i) to carry out a taxonomic revision of Elmohardyia, and (ii) to test the monophyly of the genus and to investigate the relationships among its species, based on morphological characters. The results of this work are presented in the format of chapters structured as follows: (i) chapter I - a review of the genus was carried out, an updated diagnosis for the genus was proposed, the previously described species were reviewed and redescribed based on the type material, when available; 41 new species of Elmohardyia were described and an identification key for all species with known males was provided. The male and female terminalia as well as other structures used for identification were illustrated. Three neartic species described by Hardy (1943), which were allocated in Eudorylas Aczél, were transferred to Elmohardyia, namely: E. aquavicina comb. nov., E. grandis comb. nov. and E. huachucana comb. nov. Lectotypes were designated for E. atlantica (Hough) pres. desig. and E. doelloi (Shannon) pres. desig. Elmohardyia argyrogaster Rafael was redescribed based on the male holotype, and two males paratypes from its type series were described as two new species. The genus is recorded for the first time in Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala and Venezuela; (ii) chapter II - a cladistic analysis of Elmohardyia was performed based on 75 morphological characters and 107 terminal taxa, as a result the monophyletism of Elmohardyia was corroborated and a phylogenetic hypothesis about the internal relationships of the genus is being proposed for the first time.Elmohardyia Rafael, 1987 (Diptera: Pipunculidae: Pipunculinae) é um gênero com distribuição exclusiva no Novo Mundo, com maior riqueza e diversidade na região Neotropical. Atualmente, o gênero possui 63 espécies descritas (incluindo uma subespécie), destas apenas duas são conhecidas da região Neártica. Não há chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero e nunca houve um estudo direcionado a testar o seu monofiletismo, nem as relações filogenéticas entre suas espécies. A revisão taxonômica das espécies neotropicais foi feita por Rafael em 1988 quando o gênero era representado por 33 espécies. Após isso, foram publicados alguns poucos trabalhos, incluindo descrições de espécies novas ou revisões de faunas locais. Quanto à morfologia externa, no geral, as descrições e redescrições das espécies do gênero são adequadas, mas as descrições das terminálias masculinas são sucintas e/ou caracteres importantes para o reconhecimento e separação das espécies foram omitidos. Este trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) realizar revisão taxonômica de Elmohardyia; e (ii) testar o monofiletismo do gênero baseado em caracteres morfológicos e conhecer as relações de parentesco entre suas espécies. Os resultados deste trabalho são apresentados no formato de capítulos assim estruturados: (i) capítulo I - foi realizada a revisão do gênero, incluindo-se aqui uma proposta de atualização da diagnose do gênero; as espécies previamente descritas foram revisadas e redescritas com base no material tipo, quando disponível; além disso, foram descritas 41 espécies novas e uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies com machos conhecidos foi apresentada. As terminálias masculina e feminina, assim como outras estruturas utilizadas para as identificações foram ilustradas. Três espécies neárticas descritas por Hardy (1943), que estavam alocadas em Eudorylas Aczél, 1940, foram transferidas para Elmohardyia, são elas: E. aquavicina comb. nov., E. grandis comb. nov. e E. huachucana comb. nov. Foram designados lectótipos para E. atlantica (Hough) pres. desig. e E. doelloi (Shannon) pres. desig. Elmohardyia argyrogaster Rafael foi redescrita com base no holótipo macho, e dois parátipos machos da série típica foram descritos como duas espécies novas. O gênero é registrado pela primeira vez em Belize, Colômbia, Equador, Guatemala e Venezuela; (ii) capítulo II - foi realizada uma análise cladística de Elmohardyia com base em 75 caracteres morfológicos e 107 táxons terminais e, como resultado o monofiletismo de Elmohardyia foi corroborado e uma hipótese filogenética sobre as relações internas do gênero está sendo proposta pela primeira vez
A new species of Piaractus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Orinoco Basin with a redescription of Piaractus brachypomus
No full textPiaractus orinoquensis, a new species of serrasalmid fish, is described from the Orinoco River basin. The new species differs from congeners by having a slenderer body, relatively smaller head and snout, more compressed mid-body, fewer scales above and below the lateral line and diagnostic molecular characters in the coI mitochondrial gene region. We also provide a re-description of Piaractus brachypomus, restricting its geographic distribution to the Amazon River basin. Both species are economically important in their respective basins and need to be independently managed as distinct species. © 2019 The Fisheries Society of the British Isle
Belostomatidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) held in the invertebrate collection of the instituto nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil: Inventory and new distributional records
Get PDFBelostomatidae is a family of giant water bugs with 52 valid species in Brazil. Here, we list 33 valid species housed in the Invertebrates Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Brazil. Of the total species examined, 26 had their distributional ranges increased (new records provided in parentheses): Belostoma amazonum Estévez & Polhemus (Mato Grosso and Roraima); B. aurivillianum (Montandon) (Rondônia); B. bosqi De Carlo (Maranhão); B. candidulum Montandon (Mato Grosso do Sul); B. carajaensis Ribeiro & Estévez (Amazonas); B. dallasi De Carlo (Bahia and Pará); B. dentatum (Mayr) (Roraima); B. denticolle Montandon (Roraima); B. dilatatum (Dufour) (Maranhão); B. discretum Montandon (Rio Grande do Sul); B. elongatum Montandon (Paraná); B. estevezae Ribeiro & Alecrim (Amazonas); B. fittkaui De Carlo (Roraima); B. gestroi Montandon (Pará); B. guianae Lauck (Brazil, in Roraima); B. micantulum (Stål) (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia and Roraima); B. minusculum (Uhler) (Brazil, in Amazonas, Pará and Rio Grande do Norte); B. parvum Estévez & Polhemus (Amazonas and Roraima); B. plebejum (Stål) (Roraima); B. pygmeum (Dufour) (Pará); B. ribeiroi De Carlo (Mato Grosso do Sul); B. stollii (Amyot & Serville) (Roraima); Horvathinia pelocoroides Montandon (Rondônia); Lethocerus annulipes (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Maranhão, Paraíba and Paraná); L. delpontei De Carlo (Amazonas and Pará) and L. maximus De Carlo (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas and Roraima). In addition, we provide a list of type and non-type specimens of Belostomatidae from INPA’s collection identified to the species level, photographs of these species and relevant taxonomic notes, when available. © 2019, Universidade de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved
