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Analysis of export restraints disputes as trade policy within the GATT and WTO regime
No full textSince GATT and WTO foundation, some disputes have occurred between their full member regarding the adoption of export restrictions, which has generated a neo-protectionism or “reverse protectionism”, which is not yet properly regulated within the multilateral trading system. This article aims to present an analysis of the export restrictions in international trade. For this, all the disputes raised to date on tariff measures and non-tariff measures applied to the export of goods under the GATT and WTO regime are identified. Therefore, we concluded that it is necessary for the WTO to develop trade policies that properly regulate export restrictions in international trade. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Proposal of innovation management model for a final consumer sales company [Propuesta de modelo de gestión de innovación para una empresa de ventas al consumidor final] [Proposta de modelo de gestão de inovação para uma empresa de vendas ao consumidor final]
No full textIn the article proposes a conceptual model for the management of innovation in a sales company to the final consumer, the objective of de paper is to identify patterns or consensus that allow to determine which is the appropriate model of management for innovation in a sales company to the final consumer, a model that strengthens innovation processes, which allows companies to improve their competitive position and raise its innovation performance, for that effect, an analysis of specialized literature was made through search equations in the database Scopus regarding management innovation models, throwing a total of 41 key variables. Later, three surveys were generated with closed questions in scale Likert which were applied to experts in innovation in sales companies to the final consumer in order to prioritize the variables of the Model, locate them within the concept of inputs, process transformation and outputs, and prioritize the prototypes of proposed innovation management models, according to the analysis of the information, 26 critical variables of the model were found and defined for this type of companies. Amongst the most important are: co-working, digital capacity with a focus on consumers, open innovation, customer and consumer information analysis, consumer-focused technology trends and long-term innovation vision. a total of 41 variables related to an innovation management model were found, of which the 26 variables were prioritized by the actors as highly important in the model suggested for a sales companies to the final consumer, in addition, the guidelines and methodology applied in the work done, allow to have greater clarity about the future proposal of designs of specific models in innovation management for a given sector. © 2018, Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista.Este artigo apresenta a abordagem de um modelo conceitual para a gestão da inovação numa empresa de vendas ao consumidor final. O objetivo do artigo é identificar patrões ou acordos que permitam determinar qual é o modelo adequado da gestão para a inovação numa empresa de venda ao consumidor final, que fortaleça os processos da inovação, que permita ás empresas melhorar sua posição competitiva e elevar seu desempenho de inovação; para tal efeito realizou-se um análise da literatura especializada através de equações de pesquisa na base de dados Scopus em modelos para a gestão da inovação jogando um total de 41 variáveis chave, posteriormente geraram-se três pesquisas com questões fechadas na escala Likert que aplicaram-se em atores de inovação em empresas de vendas ao consumidor final com o fim de priorizar as variáveis do modelo, coloca-las no conceito de entradas, processo de transformação e saídas e priorizar os protótipos de modelos de gestão de inovação propostos. Segundo o análise da informação encontrada definiram-se 26 variáveis críticas do modelo para este tipo de empresas, entre as mais importantes destacam-se: co-working, capacidade digital com foco no consumidor, inovação aberta, análise de informação de cliente e consumidor, tendências tecnológicas focadas no consumidor e visão ao longo prazo de inovação. Um total de 41 variáveis foram encontradas no modelo de gestão de inovação das quais 26 variáveis foram priorizadas pelos atores como altamente importantes no modelo sugerido para empresas de venta ao consumidor final, além, os lineamentos e metodologia aplicada no trabalho realizado, permitem ter maior claridade sobre a proposta para futuro de desenhos de modelos específicos na gestão da inovação para determinado setor. © 2018, Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista.Introducción: en el artículo se realiza el planteamiento de un modelo conceptual para la gestión de la innovación en una empresa de ventas al consumidor final, Objetivos: identificar patrones o consensos que permitan determinar cuál es el modelo adecuado de la gestión para la innovación en una empresa de venta al consumidor final, un modelo que fortalezca los procesos de la innovación, que permita a las empresas mejorar su posición competitiva y elevar su desempeño de innovación. Materiales y métodos: para tal efecto se realizó un análisis de la literatura especializada a través de ecuaciones de búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus en modelos para la gestión de la innovación arrojando un total de 41 variables clave, posteriormente se generaron tres encuestas con preguntas cerradas en escala Likert las cuales se aplicaron a actores en innovación en empresas de ventas al consumidor final con el fin de priorizar las variables del modelo, ubicarlas dentro del concepto de entradas, proceso de transformación y salidas y priorizar los prototipos de modelos de gestión de innovación propuestos, Resultados: de acuerdo con el análisis de la información encontrada se definieron 26 variables críticas del modelo para este tipo de empresas, entre las más importantes se resaltan: co-working, capacidad digital con foco en consumidor, innovación abierta, análisis de información de cliente y consumidor, tendencias tecnológicas enfocadas en consumidor y visión a largo plazo de innovación. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con la revisión de artículos, patentes, documentos técnicos se encontraron un total de 41 variables relacionadas con un modelo de gestión de innovación de las cuales las 26 variables fueron priorizadas por los actores como altamente importantes en el modelo sugerido para empresas de venta al consumidor final, además, los lineamientos y metodología aplicada en el trabajo realizado, permiten tener mayor claridad sobre la propuesta a futuro de diseños de modelos específicos en gestión de la innovación para determinado sector. © 2018, Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista
Adsorption of Cadmium Using Biochars Produced from Agro-Residues
No full textBiochars have been shown as promising materials for cadmium remediation. However, the different precursors and the pyrolysis process operating conditions can yield very different surface functional groups, and as a result, different cadmium sorption mechanisms can be observed in biochars. Herein we present the results of cadmium sorption on biochars produced from the pyrolysis of different agro-residues, namely, coffee husk, quinoa straw, and oil palm kernel shell. The adsorption isotherms were used to determine the influence of the biochar's physicochemical characteristics to their sorption behavior. The biochars prepared from quinoa residues showed much higher cadmium uptakes than the other biochars. The concentration of base cations was found to be a critical factor for cadmium sorption. Although the quinoa biochars presented large uptakes, it was found that base cations were supported on the biochars and could be removed by leaching. Results from this study suggest that concentration of base cations on biochars could be used as predictors of the biochar capabilities for the removal of cadmium in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
Burning Velocity of Turbulent Methane/Air Premixed Flames in Subatmospheric Environments
No full textThe aim of our work was to study turbulent premixed flames in subatmospheric conditions. For this purpose, turbulent premixed flames of lean methane/air mixtures were stabilized in a nozzle-type Bunsen burner and analyzed using Schlieren visualization and image processing to calculate turbulent burning velocities by the mean-angle method. Moreover, hot-wire anemometer measurements were performed to characterize the turbulent aspects of the flow. The environmental conditions were 0.85 atm, 0.98 atm, and 295 ± 2 K. The turbulence-flame interaction was analyzed based on the geometric parameters combined with laminar flame properties (which were experimentally and numerically determined), integral length scale, and Kolmogorov length scale. Our results show that the effects of subatmospheric pressure on turbulent burning velocity are significant. The ratio between turbulent and laminar burning velocities increases with turbulence intensity, but this effect tends to decrease as the atmospheric pressure is reduced. We propose a general empirical correlation as a function between ST/SL and u′/SL based on the experimental results obtained in this study and the equivalence ratio and pressure we established. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
The exposed vulnerability of the body. Records of antipersonnel mine victimization in Colombia [La expuesta vulnerabilidad del cuerpo. Registros de la victimización por minas antipersonal en Colombia]
No full textThe tragedy of people affected by anti-personnel landmines and explosive remnants of war reveals fundamental dimensions of the victimization experience. They have to face a new relation with their vulnerable body, the indirect victimization of their families and the socio-cul-tural processes of exclusion that arise around of their victimized bodies. This paper is the outcome of a work of historical memory reconstruction carried out in three Colombian municipalities with members of associations of anti-personnel landmines and explosive remnants of war victims. The article concludes that the victimization produced by these weapons is not reduced to the direct affectation of the victim’s body, that the dimension of the victimization processes in linked with the local social characteristics and gender understandings, and that the vulnerable body public exposition implies a new setting of the affective dynamics of social recognition. © 2019 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved
The impact of computer science in the real world [El impacto de las ciencias de la computación en el mundo real]
No full text[No abstract available
Standard and non-standard neutrino physics at reactor experiments
No full textIn parallel to the standard oscillation physics program it is well known multi-detector reactor neutrino experiments are able to probe new physics scenarios, for instance, new oscillation phases driven by an extra light sterile neutrino and new neutrino interactions (NSI). Here we review and update the flavor non-universal and flavor universal constraints on the charged-current NSI parameters. We also study correlations between the NSI and the standard parameters. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
The assessment for the learning of mathematics mediated by mobile applications [La evaluación para el aprendizaje de la matemática mediada por aplicaciones móviles]
No full textIn the teaching-learning process of Mathematics, the evaluation is fundamental factor and requires new mechanisms from the academic community and strategies that not only reduce stress levels that generate the evaluation Activities, but also motivate him to be evaluated and most importantly to the appropriation of new learning cognitive type as affective. This paper describes the results by incorporating a mobile application, in the evaluation process in a university institution. © 2020 AISTI
Towards a model of the internationalization system in Colombian higher education: A systems dynamics approach [Hacia un modelo del sistema de la internacionalización en la educación superior colombiano: Un enfoque desde la dinámica de sistemas]
No full textInternationalization in higher education institutions is a critical success factor for its consolidation in the global environment. The following article presents a proposal for the construction of a simulation model for the system of internationalization of higher education in Colombia based on systems dynamics. The main characteristics that represent the system were then started and, by means of a causal hypothesis, the variables were gathered in four dimensions. The dimensions that were taken into account were: The global education system, the global higher education institutions, the global territories, and the global citizens. The design of the hypothesis, through system dynamics, allows representing the interactions in each of the dimensions, which finally facilitated the vision of the system as a whole. One of the main results was the dynamic hypotheses which, in turn, allow the construction of the flow and a level diagram for the realization of a computational simulation model. Under this simulation scheme, a novel tool is then proposed for decision-makers regarding the evaluation of the impact of internationalization on the different substantive functions of higher education institutions and the formulation of public policies in this type of system. © 2020 AISTI
Visualización de conjunto de datos de múltiples instancias
Get PDFEste trabajo de grado aborda la problemática de la visualización de conjuntos de datos de múltiples instancias (MI), en busca de entender las particularidades de estos conjuntos de datos y sus relaciones. Como en la literatura existen pocos trabajos relacionados a este tema, se considera que el resultado puede ser de utilidad para quienes actualmente trabajan con el paradigma de aprendizaje de múltiples instancias (MIL). Así, la intención de este trabajo es desarrollar un método de visualización que permita a los usuarios entender cuáles son las relaciones o patrones ocultos en los conjuntos de datos de MI. Con este n se plantea una pregunta de investigación importante, Que métodos de visualización se pueden adaptar para explorar conjuntos de datos de MI. La respuesta a la pregunta de investigación se busca mediante la creación de una propuesta de visualización y experimentando con diferentes métodos de visualización en los conjuntos de datos. La propuesta de visualización se validó mediante encuestas y cuestionarios a expertos en MIL además con pruebas y comparaciones internas. Los experimentos realizados mostraron que usar métodos combinados de visualización permite extraer más información del conjunto de datos. Teniendo esto en cuenta y siguiendo las recomendaciones de los expertos, sería bueno crear herramientas que permitan representar un conjunto de MI en diferentes métodos de visualización y a su ve hacer herramientas más intuitivas, para que el proceso de visualización de datos sea más rápido y efectivo en la detección de patrones.This degree work addresses the problem of the visualization of data sets of multiple instances (MI), seeking to understand the particularities of these data sets and their relationships. As there are few works related to this topic in the literature, it is considered that the result may be useful for those who currently work with the multi-instance learning paradigm (MIL). Thus, the intention of this work is to develop a visualization method that allows users to understand what the relationships or hidden patterns in MI data sets. To this end, an important research question is posed, what visualization methods can be adapted to explore MI data sets? The answer to the research question is sought by creating a visualization proposal and experimenting with different visualization methods on the data sets. The visualization proposal was validated through surveys and questionnaires to MIL experts in addition to internal tests and comparisons. The experiments carried out showed that using combined visualization methods allows extracting more information from the data set. Taking this into account and following the recommendations of the experts, it would be good to create tools that allow representing a set of MI in different visualization methods and in turn make more intuitive tools, so that the data visualization process is faster and more effective in pattern detection.Magíster en Ingeniería de SoftwareMaestrí