5257 research outputs found
Sort by
Aprendizaje de los conceptos masa, peso y gravedad en los estudiantes de grado noveno a través de modelos didácticos analógicos
Get PDFEn clases de ciencias naturales cuando se aborda el concepto de masa, peso y gravedad, los estudiantes suelen mostrar confusión en su conceptualización y comprensión. Para hacer frente a las dificultades de conceptualización y comprensión de las relaciones e interacciones entre la masa, el peso y la gravedad, se realizó una intervención fundamentada en los Modelos Didácticos Analógicos. El diseño de la propuesta asume que los conceptos y las definiciones en ciencias experimentales puede ser abordada según las categorías propuestas por Domenech (1992): ontológicas, funcionales, operacionales, relacionales y transposicionales. Así mismo se consideró que para afrontar dicha problemática era necesario considerar las formas de aprender de los estudiantes, en esta medida las actividades realizadas presentaron elementos auditivos, visuales y kinestésicos que, articuladas a través de las analogías como herramientas didácticas, actúan como facilitadoras del aprendizaje de conceptos abstractos como masa, peso, gravedad. El enfoque de la investigación fue cualitativo de tipo descriptivo y se llevó a cabo en cuatro fases distribuidas de la siguiente manera. En la primera fase se realizó una caracterización de la población para recoger datos generales del contexto. En la segunda fase se planeó la intervención, la cual se desarrolló en cinco momentos, cada uno con actividades que permitieron involucrar a los estudiantes en la construcción de su conocimiento. La tercera fase consistió en la aplicación de la intervención fundamentada en Modelos Didácticos Analógicos, estructurados a partir de la propuesta de Moro, Viau Zamorano y Gibbs (2007) que citando a Brown y Clement (1989) plantean como principio de trabajo el involucrar al estudiante en el proceso de razonamiento analógico en un contexto de enseñanza interactiva. Finalmente, en la cuarta fase se realizó evaluación y análisis de los resultados de la intervención. Los resultados obtenidos después de la intervención muestran que el Modelo Didáctico Analógico permitió a los estudiantes construir conocimiento y entender fenómenos, siendo este un gran cambio, puesto que los estudiantes inicialmente daban respuestas con características transposicionales, es decir, ideas alternas o parecidas a las repuestas elaboradas. Después de la intervención se evidencia un afianzamiento del aprendizaje, ya que en los estudiantes demuestran comprensión de los conceptos al igual que reconocimiento de las relaciones e interacciones que se presentan entre las magnitudes objeto de aprendizaje.In natural science classes when dealing with the concept of mass, weight and gravity, students often show confusion in their conceptualization and understanding. To face the difficulties of conceptualization and understanding of the relationships and interactions between mass, weight and gravity, an intervention based on the Analogue Didactic Models was carried out. The design of the proposal assumes that concepts and definitions in experimental sciences can be approached according to the categories proposed by Domenech (1992): ontological, functional, operational, relational and transpositional. It was also considered that to address this problem it was necessary to consider the ways of learning of students, to this extent the activities presented auditory, visual and kinesthetic elements that, articulated through analogies as teaching tools, act as facilitators of learning of abstract concepts such as mass, weight, gravity. The focus of the research was qualitative descriptive and was carried out in four phases distributed as follows. In the first phase, a characterization of the population was carried out to collect general data of the context. In the second phase the intervention was planned, which was developed in five moments, each with activities that allowed to involve the students in the construction of their knowledge. The third phase consisted in the application of the intervention based on Analogue Didactic Models, structured from the proposal of Viau, Moro, Zamorano and Gibbs(2007) who cited Brown and Clement (1989) as a working principle to involve the student in the process of analogical reasoning in an interactive teaching context. Finally, in the fourth phase, evaluation and analysis of the results of the intervention was carried out. The results obtained after the intervention show that the Analog Didactic Model allowed the students to build knowledge and understand phenomena, this being a great change, since the students initially gave answers with transpositional characteristics, that is, alternate or similar ideas elaborated. After the intervention a consolidation of the learning is evidenced, since the students show the comprehension of the concepts as well as the relationships and interactions that appear between the magnitudes of learning objects.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí
Community journalism: Appropriation, mediation and transfer of media. Dialogue of knowledge between academia and communication collective [Periodismo comunitario: Apropiación, mediación y transferencia de medios. Diálogo de saberes entre Academia y colectivos de comunicación]
No full textThis article reflects on two processes of appropriation and media management with a social sense, which are founded upon the recognition of communication processes and their impact on the transformations of peripheral environments by empowered communities and the emancipated agents of communicative mediation. Two experiences of social communication are taken as a reference, which respond to divergent scenarios: On the one hand, that from Project Barrio U´s volunteers who work within the framework of the University of Antioquia´s extension program is considered, as it offers an academic field of professional training in social communication. On the other hand, the initiative named Barrio Revealing (Revelando Barrio), from the Ciudad Comuna communication group, whose emphasis rests on community communication. These two experiences highlight the importance of the role of subjects in the processes of appropriation and management of media with a social sense and they allow the recognition of the communication processes that bring about the transformation of the subjectivities of the mediating actors (community communicator, volunteer) and the emergence of communicative territoriality. © 2019 Universidad Complutense de Madrid. All rights reserved
Representations on critical thinking development in teachers in training [Representaciones sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en maestros en formación]
No full textThis article presents the results of a quantitative investigation on social representations about the development of critical thinking of a group of teachers in training (n=41). The teaching of social sciences was taken as reference in the construction of these representations. Results show that the representations take on the development of this type of thinking as something that is not innate in students and that the teacher has an important and central role in the control of the group and the information. The answers to the items of thought development do not show statistically significant differences by gender, semester or by having taken an introductory course and having allowed for the social representation of this group whose common element was to be students of a teacher training program. © 2018 Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Educacao-ANPEd
Terrestrial heat flow evaluation from thermal response tests combined with temperature profiling
No full textThe terrestrial heat flux density, an essential information to evaluate the deep geothermal resource potential, is rarely defined over urban areas where energy needs are important. In an effort to fill this gap, the subsurface thermal conductivity estimated during two thermal response tests was coupled with undisturbed temperature profile measurements conducted in the same boreholes to infer terrestrial heat flow near the surface. The undisturbed temperature profiles were reproduced with an inverse numerical model of conductive heat transfer, where the optimization of the model bottom boundary condition allows determining the near-surface heat flow. The inverse numerical simulation approach was previously validated by optimizing a steady-state and synthetic temperature profile calculated with Fourier's Law. Data from two thermal response tests in ground heat exchangers of one hundred meters depth were analyzed with inverse numerical simulations provided as examples for the town of Québec City, Canada, and Orléans, France. The temperature profiles measured at the sites and corrected according to the paleoclimate effects of the quaternary glaciations were reproduced with the model. The approach presented offers an alternative to assess heat flow in the preliminary exploration of deep geothermal resources of urban areas, where thermal response tests may be common while deep wells are sparsely distributed over the area to assess heat flow. © 2019 Elsevier Lt
Usability criteria for the design and construction of videogames [Criterios de usabilidad para el diseño e implementación de videojuegos]
No full textUsability has become a fundamental attribute for the development of interactive and competitive applications within the software industry, which allows software systems to fulfill the purpose for which they were built, as well as to consider the type of users to whom these systems are directed. For the design and evaluation of usability in the specific context of video games, Pinelle proposed ten general usability heuristics. In this paper we propose a set of criteria in terms of questions associated with each heuristic principle in order to evaluate its compliance in a timely manner, and an inspection tool to verify that these criteria are met. The built tool aims to support the conduct of inspections of usability in videogames at the academic level and within the software development companies. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved
In Silico Study of Gaseous Air Pollutants Effects on Human Atrial Tissue
No full textExposure to gaseous air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) promotes the occurrence of cardiac diseases. Investigations have shown that CO and SO2 block the calcium channel (ICaL) of myocytes. The SO2 also increases the sodium channel (INa), the transient outward (Ito) and inward rectifying (IK1) potassium currents. The NO blocks INa and increases ICaL. We developed concentration dependent equations to simulate the gaseous pollutants effects on the ionic currents. They were incorporated in the Courtemanche model of human atrial cell and in a 2D tissue model. A train of 10 stimuli was applied. The action potential duration (APD) was measured. S1-S2 cross-field protocol was applied to initiate a rotor. The CO and SO2 concentrations from 0 to 1000 uM and NO concentration from 0 to 500 nM were implemented. Six concentration combinations were simulated (cases 1 to 6). The gaseous air pollutants caused an APD shortening and loss of plateau phase of the action potential in a fraction that increases as the pollutant concentration increases. When the highest concentration was applied, the APD decreased by 81%. In the 2D model, from case 4 conditions it was possible to generate rotor, propagating with high stability. These results show pro-arrhythmic effects of gaseous air pollutants. © 2019 Creative Commons
Small additions of actived Biochar from palm oil shells to Portland cement mortar
No full textBiochar is a solid material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass in a limited oxygen environment. Portland cement-based products are the main construction materials. The manufacturing process of cement result in several harmful emissions, in particular CO2 emissions. In this work, biochar was produce from residues of palm oil shells stover at 700°C under a limited oxygen condition. Biochar small additions of 0.1, 0.33 and 0.5 % (w/w) were incorporated into Portland cement mortar samples. Mortar samples were made according to the Colombian earthquake-resistant standard. Early compression strength of samples were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Mortar samples were subjected to an accelerated carbonation test using a carbonation chamber built for that purpose. Results shows that the early compression strength was altered since mortar with no biochar additions exhibit higher compression resistance that the ones exhibited by samples with small additions. Furthermore, this decreasing in the early compression strength is attributed to the presence of the surfactant used to incorporate the small amount of biochar into the cement matrix. Carbonation result shows that samples with small additions of biochar increases the measured carbonation depth. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Towards a Social and Human Factor Classification Related to Productivity in Software Development Teams
No full textSoftware product development is characterized as an activity that focuses on social and human factors. In fact, studying these factors may be particularly appealing to software organizations seeking initiatives for fostering team productivity. In this light, the classification of the factors that may have an impact on the productivity of the software development team becomes the point of departure for the selection and definition of improvement strategies. As part of this research, we designed a methodology grounded in systematic literature review processes to approach a classification for social and human factors and develop a validation plan. In addition, the definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded an approximation to the proposed classification, which may be used as the input for the definition of improvement actions. Finally, this work reports on the preliminary advances of the validation plan. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Chemical, Mineralogical and Geotechnical Index Properties Characterization of Volcanic Ash Soils
No full textSoils derived from volcanic ash are deposits formed from the weathering of the ejected material during volcanic activity. Volcanic ash is commonly known in geotechnical engineering as a difficult and unwanted material. The difficulties are related to the high-water content, high liquid limits, low unit weights, and high void ratios, which translates into possible engineering problems (e.g. compressibility and collapsibility). The characterization of these materials is important because volcanic soils represent 0.84% of the terrestrial soil surface, 60% of which are located in tropical zones. These percentages represent areas with a high human population and constant demographic and economic growth. This paper presents the chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical index properties characterization of soils derived from volcanic ashes through laboratory testing and compares them with the results found in the literature. The SEM results shows the high void reported in the literature. The index properties obtained coincide with the ranges reported. However, lower values of dry unit weight were observed, which are related to the transportation processes of the particles and with higher index properties values due to mineralogical components such as allophane. Therefore, the study of volcanic ash soils requires a rigorous knowledge and understanding of the soil formation, depositional environment, and mineralogy. The chemical characterization of the volcanic ash plays an important role to understand water retention characteristics and their influence on the different geotechnical properties. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Technical and environmental assessment for soil stabilization using coal ash
No full textIn most Latin American countries, low-volume roads are composed of unpaved roads; this is considered a problem of economic, social and environmental interest. There are different stabilization alternatives for this type of roads with traditional materials, i.e., Portland cement (OPC) and lime (L), both of which have a high environmental impact due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This paper presents the results of the environmental assessment of an industrial residue Coal Ash (CA) with pozzolanic characteristics. The residue was alkaline activated with Ca(OH)2 from commercial lime (L). The binary system (CA+L) is called (CLM) and forms a material with cementing properties, and when it is mixed with soil, it increases the capacity to support loads. The CLM as a soil stabilizer is proposed along with the modification of some construction processes associated with lime technology and Portland cement. Finally, a technical and environmental comparison is made for conventional stabilizers and the binary system CLM. The results showed that stabilization of a silty soil with CLM can achieve a reduction of 58% and 75% in CO2 emissions when compared with L and OPC, respectively. Copyright © 2019 ISEC Press