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Runtime monitoring of 5G network slicing using STAn
Get PDF"This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant agreement PID2022-142181OB-I00 (LearnFDT)
and the Spanish Ministry of
Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation project TSI-063000-2021-11 (5G+TACTILE-1) and the European Union Horizon 2020 Smart Networks and Services
Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) under grant agreement 101096328 (6G-SANDBOX)."
The most recent technology in the evolution of mobile networks is 5G, which is aimed at offering
differentiated quality of service (QoS) to specific groups of users or devices. Such groups could
include public safety agencies, connected vehicles, citizens streaming video content, fixed Internet
of Things devices, etc. Insofar as each group has different requirements in terms of bandwidth,
latency, error rate, coverage or other relevant quality indicators, the network can be divided
into multiple slices, with each slice supporting a group’s requirements. Such network slicing is
becoming a key feature for telecom operators, who need to face the challenge of validating its
correct behavior.
In this paper, we propose a monitoring system to check that a 5G network is offering slicing in the
proper way. To this end, we use the tool STAn, a general purpose runtime verification tool where
the requirements to be monitored are expressed using temporal formulae. The paper identifies
first a list of requirements that define the expected behavior of network slicing.
Then, we describe how the initial logic eLTL supported by STAn is extended to the so-called
eXtended Event-driven Temporal Logic (xeLTL) in order to represent the slicing requirements.
Finally, we validate that the new version of STAn and the catalogue of xeLTL formulae are suitable
to monitor and check if real 5G networks properly support slicing. This way, we provide a complete
new system for runtime monitoring of 5G network slicing.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant agreement PID2022-142181OB-I00 (LearnFDT)
and the Spanish Ministry of
Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation project TSI-063000-2021-11 (5G+TACTILE-1) and the European Union Horizon 2020 Smart Networks and Services
Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) under grant agreement 101096328 (6G-SANDBOX)
A shortened 10‑item Spine Functional Index: clinimetric properties indicate a reliable, responsive and practical measure.
Get PDFBackground: To assess the 10-item Spine Functional Index (SFI-10) clinimetric properties in a general musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) spine population. Ascertain the psychometric characteristics' consistency with the developmental study findings for structural and criterion validity, internal consistency, and floor/ceiling effect; establish the longitudinal characteristics for test-retest reliability, responsiveness, construct validity, and error scores; and clarify practical characteristics of readability, missing responses, and time/errors for completion/scoring related to administrative burden.
Methods: A longitudinal study of deidentified spine MSD patients (n = 1317, 53.4% female, age = 18-91yrs, av = 49.5 ± 16.4yrs; neck = 36.5%, mid-back = 8.4%, low back = 56.0%, multi-site = 0.3%) who completed the SFI-10, the Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and Numerical Rating Scales for Global-function (G-NRS) and Pain (P-NRS). Structural validity used factor analysis, exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA), plus Rasch analysis. Criterion validity used Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) between the SFI-10 and criteria (PSFS, G-NRS and P-PRS) scores, and construct validity (n = 91, known-groups independent t-test). Internal consistency used Cronbach's alpha (α) and floor/ceiling effects were determined. Subgroups determined reliability (n = 104, intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC2.1); error (n = 171) through the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC90). Responsiveness (n = 171) was calculated using effect-size (ES), standard response mean (SRM), and area under the curve (AUC).
Conclusions: The SFI-10 demonstrates sound measurement properties in a general physiotherapy outpatient MSD spine population for both psychometric and practical characteristics. Further investigation in culturally diverse settings that include both inpatients and community settings with whole-spine and regional-spine criteria is required
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality in the University environment: an analysis of scientific production.
Get PDFAugmented, virtual, and mixed reality offer digital alternatives for implementing innovative educational processes, significantly expanding opportunities in university education due to the available resources and the psycho-evolutionary development of students. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production on this topic in Scopus using bibliometric techniques. Following the PRISMA statement, the final sample comprised 1,257 articles published between 2014 and 2023, utilizing various bibliometric analyses. The results indicate a surge in production over the last five years, with most articles indexed in the areas of social sciences, engineering, and medicine, aligning with the subject matter of the journals with the highest number of publications. While the United States and China are the most prolific countries, the leading authors and institutions are predominantly from Spain. In addition to meta-analyses and systematic reviews, the most cited articles focus on the use of augmented and virtual reality in health sciences within universities. Makransky and Akçayir (bibliographic coupling) are highlighted as the most influential authors, along with the duo Cabero and Barroso in the field of educational sciences (co-citation). Emerging research areas (co-occurrence) are oriented towards factors affecting learning processes with these digital resources, such as motivation and anxiety management. In conclusion, further research is needed to explore the potential of these resources for university training due to their positive effects on learning
Assessment of wine tourism potential in the countries of the former Yugoslavia.
Get PDFLos resultados expuestos en la publicación forman parte de la tesis de Radmila Jovanović. Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/35822We conducted a study on the tourism potential of the wine-growing areas of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, a region that has undergone extensive economic and political changes. We propose a new analysis model based on the open data for the evaluation of the tourism potential in wine-growing areas and wineries. For the research purposes, open geodata available through Open Street Maps, Google Maps, CORINE Land Cover, Digital Elevation Model and official databases of the countries analysed were taken. The tourism evaluation of the potential was carried out using a multicriterial method and the Geographic Information System. The variables linked to the wine tourism activity are grouped into six main tourism factors (cultural attractions, accommodation offer, etc.). On the other hand, the potential for wine tourism in the vineyard areas and winery are calculated, and the results are translated into maps that identify the tourism variables and are captured in three potential maps: Tourism factors, Vineyards and Wineries.
i) Tourism factor results highlight the areas with a high tourism potential that have a close connection with some tourism resources (sea, natural and heritage areas). The best scores were obtained in the wine-growing areas of Croatia and Slovenia, especially those located near the sea.
ii) Vineyard areas with a high level of wine tourism are located in the similar areas, Dalmatia, Istria and border areas between Slovenia and Croatia.
iii) Wineries with high tourism potential are located in Dalmatia and the Danube valley around Belgrade, and areas of Montenegro.The research was also funded by the project Adaptation Strategies and Alternatives from Inland Tourism Destinations in Times of Change (ADAPTATUR) (PID2020114186RB-C22), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Government of Spain
Urban Growth Boundary in Portland (Oregon, USA): trends for Urban Densification in a Dispersed Model
Get PDFTanto Portland como su área metropolitana destacan por mantener un enfoque pionero y democrático por un intento de controlar la expansión urbana a escala metropolitana. La creación de la Urban Growth Boundary a finales de los años 70 buscó limitar esta expansión extrema de la ciudad para así proteger las zonas agrícolas y forestales del valle circundante y, de este modo, mejorar el diseño y la gestión de las infraestructuras urbanas. Estos objetivos se han ido adaptado a lo largo de los últimos 40 años para poder afrontar el crecimiento demográfico de la ciudad garantizando a la vez la inversión inmobiliaria a largo plazo. El estudio analiza las tendencias actuales de la ciudad, centrada en aumentar su densidad urbana, un aspecto no considerado en los inicios de esta experiencia. Se
pretende contribuir a la comprensión de las actuales dinámicas urbanas, sirviendo de referencia para otras ciudades que enfrentan desafíos similares en entornos urbanos en constante evolución.Ministerio de Universidades del Reino de España, a través del Programa de Recalificación del Sistema Universitario Español
El texto y sus propiedades: recurso educativo abierto (REA) para la enseñanza de la estructura y características del texto en el Máster en Profesorado.
Get PDF"El Texto y sus Propiedades" es un Recurso Educativo Abierto (REA) empleado para la formación de futuros docentes de Lengua y Literatura en el Máster en Profesorado. Su propósito es proporcionar una comprensión profunda sobre la estructura y características del texto en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la Lengua en Secundaria.
Este REA se estructura en cinco unidades didácticas que abordan coherencia, cohesión y adecuación textual, promoviendo estrategias pedagógicas para su enseñanza en el aula. A través de actividades interactivas, dinámicas colaborativas y uso de herramientas digitales, se fomenta el aprendizaje activo y la aplicación práctica de los contenidos.
La evaluación del aprendizaje combina autoevaluaciones, análisis de textos, foros de discusión y creación de materiales didácticos, permitiendo que los estudiantes del máster no solo comprendan la teoría, sino que también desarrollen competencias pedagógicas para la enseñanza del análisis textual.
Este REA es un recurso flexible y adaptable que promueve el uso de tecnologías en el aula y facilita la integración de metodologías innovadoras en la formación docente
Memes and identity in language teacher education.
Get PDFMemes are a popular form of digitally mediated discourse that allow users to express thoughts and emotions, often leaving identity traces of their creators or sharers. This study uses the classroom activity Story by Memes as both a narrative tool for self-presentation in language teacher education and a method for exploring identity representation through memes created by preservice language teachers from two cohorts: the Pedagogy cohort (PC) and the Linguistics cohort (LC). By discursively and thematically analyzing 777 memes from 84 preservice teachers’ stories, we capture identity configurations that shape their language learning and teaching dispositions across academic, professional, and personal contexts. Our findings reveal key differences between cohorts: the PC emphasizes language learning experiences, personal affinities, and a vocation for teaching, while the LC focuses on motivations to learn languages, teaching anxieties, and a pragmatic view of teaching as a career. Examining translingual and humorous meme configurations offers deeper insights into identity formation among preservice teachers. These findings suggest that integrating digital literacies like memes could complement traditional reflective journals as well as serve as diagnostic tools for identifying learner needs in both language learning and language teacher education.This research received support from the research project DEFINERS: Digital Language Learning of Junior Language Teachers (TED2021-129984A-I00), funded by the Spanish Government MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR
Broadband 1-bit Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface at Millimeter Waves: Overcoming PIN-Diode Degradation with Slotline Ring Topology.
Get PDFPolítica de acceso abierto: https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/3354This paper explains the non-idealities that arise when using PIN diodes at millimeter-wave frequencies and the important limitations that they bring in classical configurations of 1-bit slotline reconfigurable unit cells. A robust solution is proposed where a single PIN diode is inserted inside a ring topology. The slotline unit cell is analyzed through a circuit-model approach. Its performance is compared with a unit cell based on a single slotline, which also includes a PIN diode, referred to as classical configuration. For experimental assessment, a circuit prototype is fabricated to verify the phase difference of both PIN diode states in each unit cell configuration. The measured results reveal that the slotline unit cell with ring configuration provides a 180° ± 20° reflection phase difference from 36.3 GHz to 45 GHz (21.4% relative bandwidth). Finally, the proposed slotline unit cell with ring topology is measured in a complete array to assess its performance in periodic and quasi-periodic environments. The measurements confirm the 1-bit behavior for both normal and oblique incidence with losses less than 2 dB. Therefore, this enables the design of wideband 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarrays and RIS in this frequency range
Desarrollo de herramientas de predicción de casos de fiebre del Nilo Occidental a partir de modelos espacio-temporales.
Get PDFIntroducción y Objetivo:
El estudio que se presenta desarrolla un modelo predictivo del riesgo de transmisión del Virus del Nilo Occidental al ser humano, a través de un modelo espacio-temporal que considera los registros de presencia del virus en España entre los años 2003 y 2022. El estudio incorpora también un modelo orientado a destacar las áreas con mayor riesgo de contactos entre las personas y los mosquitos vectores, un modelo espacio-temporal del riesgo de infección en mamíferos no humanos, y un modelo espacio-temporal del riesgo de infección en aves.
Métodos:
Los modelos espacio-temporales, basados en la función de favorabilidad, incluyen variables relativas a las condiciones ambientales observadas en el periodo anual previo a los casos registrados, lo que aspira a dar información con potencial predictivo de cara a la prevención.
Resultados:
Los resultados preliminares sugieren que las condiciones ambientales del año anterior podrían tener poder predictivo en relación con el riesgo de infección en aves y en mamíferos no humanos, si bien no tanto en relación con el riesgo para los humanos. No obstante, dado el grado de correlación existente entre el riesgo de infección en mamíferos humanos y no humanos, los modelos centrados en estos últimos son útiles para desarrollar predicciones con utilidad sanitaria en los ámbitos tanto médico como veterinario. En cualquier caso, la temperatura es una variable importante desde todas las aproximaciones, y permite observar patrones temporales sobre los que desarrollar herramientas predictivas.
Conclusión y Relevancia:
Se obtienen resultados útiles como bases para un sistema de alerta temprana orientado a la prevención en relación con la fiebre del Nilo Occidental en España.Proyecto PID2021-124063OB-I00 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Fondos FEDE
Pseudomonas syringae subpopulations cooperate by coordinating flagellar and type III secretion spatiotemporal dynamics to facilitate plant infection.
Get PDFIsogenic bacterial populations can display probabilistic cell-to-cell variation
in response to challenges. This phenotypic heterogeneity can affect virulence
in animals, but its impact on plant pathogens is unknown. Previously, we
showed that expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) of the plant
pathogen Pseudomonas syringae displays phenotypic variation in planta.
Here we use flow cytometry and microscopy to investigate single-cell flagellar
expression in relation to T3SS expression, showing that both systems
undergo phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro in apoplast-mimicking medium
and within apoplastic microcolonies throughout colonization of Phaseolus
vulgaris. Stochastic, spatial and time factors shape the dynamics of a
phenotypically diverse pathogen population that displays division of labour
during colonization: effectors produced by T3SS-expressing bacteria act as
‘common goods’ to suppress immunity, allowing motile flagella-expressing
bacteria to increase and leave infected tissue before necrosis. These
results showcase the mechanisms of bacterial specialization during plant
colonization in an environmentally and agriculturally relevant system.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011100011033; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Aix-Marseille University (AMU); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Málaga (UMA). PID2020-116995RB-I00
CNS2022-135641
QUAL21 012 IHSM
PID2021- 127245OB-I00
PZ00P3_202186
51NF40_ 22514