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The involvement of GSK3β for glycogen synthesis throughout the annual cycle of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Magallana gigas)
Get PDFCrassostrea gigas is a frequently studied species in understanding physiological processes in bivalves. Similar to other animals, oysters store glucose in the body as glycogen. Glycogen is known to supply energy for germ cell development and maintenance. Glycogen is synthesized by glycogen synthase. GSK3β regulates glycogen synthase activity and plays an important role in glycogen synthesis. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of GSK3β on the annual cycle of oysters and the glycogen synthesis pathway and to investigate the energy pathway in comparison with seasonal variation. Oysters were sampled monthly for one year and were subjected to glycogen content, RT-PCR, FISH, and western blot analysis. The year-round glycogen content significantly differs only in the mantle edge during spring and summer of both sexes but not in labial palp, digestive gland, gonad, and adductor muscle. The expression of GSK3β mRNA level was highest in October for females and April for males. Both sexes had the lowest expression in July. In the adductor muscle, females and males showed the highest expression in April and the lowest in July and October. The pattern of GSK3β expression in gonads and adductor muscle was similarly confirmed through FISH. As a result of examining the signaling system, p-GSK3β (serine 9) increased. At the same time, glycogen synthase decreased in May when the condition index was the highest, p-GSK3β decreased in October and July when spawning occurred, and glycogen synthase increased. Overall, it is thought that p-GSK3β expression is high in C. gigas at ripe, which inhibits glycogen synthesis and is used as energy for growth and maturation. Glycogen synthesis occurs for energy storage during degeneration
Visioning the future of Aquaculture in Hawai‘i
Get PDFThe University of Hawai‘i Aquaculture Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (sanctuary) co-hosted "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku", a workshop focused on visioning the future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i. The workshop offered an opportunity to bring diverse stakeholders together to facilitate a dialogue on issues regarding aquaculture in Hawai‘i and to build relationships to promote future collaborations. Topics of discussion included food safety and security - sustaining local communities by enhancing locally produced and consumed foods; stimulating job creation while conserving natural and cultural resources, existing and future aquaculture projects, considerations for project siting and national aquaculture policies. A Workshop Advisory Team (WAT) was formed to plan the workshop and was comprised of cultural advisors, community and stakeholder representatives, and state and federal agency representatives. The WAT identified a workshop process, content, and potential participants. The workshop was the first of a series of planned discussions and brought together cultural and fishpond practitioners, community members, farmers, business and food industry representatives, subject matter experts, state and federal agency representatives and marine resource managers. The first day of the workshop was an information-sharing day open to the public. The format included presentations and panel discussions with opportunities for questions and answers. Presentations were provided on topics including: • Historical context of aquaculture in Hawai‘i • Current aquaculture activities in Hawai‘i • A national perspective of aquaculture • The role of the Department of Land and Natural Resources in the oversight of aquaculture in the State of Hawai‘i. Panel discussions included: Native Hawaiian aquaculture practices; today’s open ocean aquaculture; and cultural and environmental considerations in aquaculture practices. The remaining two days of the workshop focused on identifying common ground among the diverse participants to stimulate value-based discussions among multiple stakeholder groups. The remainder of the workshop focused on the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) strategic planning process for invited participants. Appreciate Inquiry is a process that identifies areas of common ground within a diverse group and is highly effective in stimulating discussions based on shared values among multiple stakeholders through a series of iterative and interactive sessions. The "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku" workshop provided an opportunity for diverse stakeholders to expand participation in aquaculture-related conversations that involve cultural, community, economic, and natural resource interests. By utilizing the Appreciate Inquiry strategic planning process, facilitators worked with participants to identify commonalities and shared values that promote relationship building and allow for future collaborations. Discussions served to share and increase participants knowledge of a variety of issues including food safety and security - sustaining local communities by enhancing locally produced and consumed foods; stimulating job creation while conserving natural and cultural resources, existing and future aquaculture projects, considerations for project siting and national aquaculture policies. Additionally, it was recognized that although the workshop was an important step in visioningthe future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i, ongoing discussions will have to include additionalcommunities and stakeholder representatives to engage others in the process. To that end, fishpond revitalization and restoration were recognized as an important issue for many participants and there was agreement that a follow-up workshop should be planned for fishpond practitioners and agencies to discuss obstacles and challenges to fishpond restoration. This workshop will serve as an important venue to continue sharing knowledge and experiences relative to engaging community members to provide input in considering the future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i. This report provides an account of "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku" workshop, a historical context and information on current aquaculture activities in Hawai‘i, and supplemental information regarding aquaculture projects globally. The intent of the report is to provide transparency and share information more broadly with those who did not participate in the workshop
Profiles of cyclin B and cdc2 during ovarian and embryonic development in <em>Exopalaemon carinicauda</em>
Get PDFMitosis-promoting factor (MPF) is a complex formed by cyclin B (cyclin B) and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdc2). To investigate the role of MPF in the reproduction of Exopalaemon carinicauda, we cloned its full-length cDNA of the Ec-cyclin B and Ec-cdc2 genes. We analyzed their molecular characteristics and expression profiles during ovarian and embryonic development. The results showed that the Ec-cyclin B gene was 1194 bp long and encoded a 397 amino acid (aa) long protein. However, Ec-cdc2 was 900 bp long, which encoded 299 aa with a conserved cyclin binding motif PSTAIRE. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Ec-cyclin B had the highest homology with the cyclin B of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (81.06%). In comparison, Ec-cdc2 had the highest homology with the cdc2 of E. modestus (96.80%). Ec-cyclin B showed the highest expression in the ovary, whereas Ec-cdc2 was the highest in the hepatopancreas, followed by the ovary. In the five stages of ovarian development, Ec-cyclin B and Ec-cdc2 expression levels reach the highest at stage Ⅴ(p < 0.05). Overall, the expression of these two genes first increased and then decreased at different embryonic developmental stages. Therefore, these findings suggested that cyclin B and cdc2 played an essential role in the ovarian and embryonic development of E. carinicauda
Establish and apply ISI pathological method to evaluate the intestinal health of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) and channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>) challenged with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>
No full textGut health is essential for animal growth because it can absorb nutrients more efficiently, promote growth, and protect the body from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, water quality, nutrition level, pathogen, net fishing, and so on will affect the gut health of aquatic animals. Intestinal diseases in aquatic animals were often not easily detected, making them difficult to prevent and control. Therefore, establishing a stable and scientific evaluation standard of gut health was of great significance. This study evaluated the effects of gross pathological and histological parameters of largemouth bass and channel catfish infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 150 largemouth bass and 150 channel catfish were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1 control group (NC) and 4 challenge groups (CH, fish were infected with A. hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection with a concentration of 200 µL 1x108 CFU/mL, 1x107 CFU/mL, 1x106 CFU/mL, and 1x105 CFU/mL, respectively). After the challenge, largemouth bass' gross pathological and histological changes were observed on the 2nd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 14th days. In contrast, channel catfish's gross pathological and histological changes were observed on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th day. In this study, regarding the “I See Inside” (ISI) methodology of poultry, a pathological evaluation method of fish intestinal health was established to comprehensively evaluate the intestinal health status of fish by gross pathological and histopathological score. In gross pathology, it was scored by the body surface and intestinal lesions. In histology, it was a metric evaluation of histological alterations in the intestine, converting macroscopic and microscopic alterations into numbers and then scoring. Each evaluation parameter sets up an “influence factor” (IF) according to the degree of influence of its pathological changes on intestinal function. The final score was the sum of the IF product and this parameter's score. The results of two kinds of fish showed that the gross pathological and histopathological scores correlated with the infection dose and time. And the significant difference in the score between the enteritis and control groups was observed. The results showed that the higher score, the more serious the pathological changes of fish infected by A. hydrophlia. From this, it can be concluded that the pathological evaluation method established can be used to evaluate the gut health of fish
In Memoriam: Amara Prasithrathsint (1946-2023)
Get PDFThis is an "In Memoriam" for Amara Prasithrathsint (1946-2023)
