83602 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of combined rice flour and molasses use on the growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> Boone, 1931) applied biofloc technology
Get PDFA 63-day completely random experiment with three replications was carried out to compare the effects of five different combination ratios of rice flour (R) and molasses (M) on the growth and survival rates of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) postlarvae applied biofloc technology. Five biofloc (BF) treatments, including R90-M10, R70-M30, R50-M50, R30-M70, and R10-M90, formed with the addition of different combination ratios of rice flour and molasses, i.e., 90% R+10% M, 70% R+30% M, 50% R+50% M, 30% R+70% M, and 10% R+90% M, respectively, with C/N ratios of 15:1, and a control (neither rice flour nor molasses applied) was randomly arranged into the 18 plastic tanks of 1.0 m3 volume (with 0.5 m3 of water) each tank and salinity of 15‰. The postlarvae (0.095 g) were stocked into the tanks at a 150 ind. m−3 density and fed pelleted feed (40% protein). There was an improvement in growth (FMW, WG, DWG, and SGR) for all treatments. Besides, treatments with more than or equal to 30% molasses have improved SR, FCR, and FB. Especially the highest SR (94.2%) was obtained at the R70-M30, which perhaps created the highest FB (1.435 kg m−3) in this treatment. The lowest FCR (1.28) was also observed in the R70-M30 and significantly differed from the control and other treatments. Besides, water quality parameters were within the ranges recommended for Pacific white shrimp health during the experimental period. Our findings indicated the benefits of shrimp culture using the BF system when different combined ratios of rice flour and molasses were applied, of which a ratio of 70% rice flour and 30% molasses was considered as the best
The Position of Mali, Beaye, and Ba’aje in Land Dayak (Austronesian) and What It Means for Proto-Land-Dayak Vowel Reconstruction
Get PDFThe internal subgrouping of Land Dayak languages (Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia) as well as the reconstructability of length distinctions in the vowel system of Proto-Land Dayak, have received recent attention that has resulted in changes to the internal subgrouping and a restriction of the full/reduced distinction in Proto-Land Dayak vowels. Earlier work on the reconstructability of the full/reduced distinction relied on assumptions about the subgrouping of certain languages that needed to be confirmed pending future research. In this paper, documentation of some previously unstudied Land Dayak languages is presented. The data from these languages, which was originally collected for syntactic analysis and description, supports a restriction in full/reduced to Proto-Land Dayak *a but not other vowels, lending support to earlier proposals based on more limited datasets. The documentation of these languages also allows for a more accurate internal subgrouping of Land Dayak and shows the utility of language data beyond initial collection as well as the importance of archiving
An Empirical Study of Language Use and Code-mixing in Amis
Get PDFThis study investigates Amis language use and Amis-Chinese code-mixing using naturally occurring data and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between age and language use. The younger an Amis person is, the less Amis he or she speaks. This shift becomes apparent from the birth cohort of 1961 to 1970, and their language ability in Amis and their frequency of speaking Amis sharply deteriorates as age decreases. Among all types of code-mixing defined by Muysken (2000), insertion is the most common among Amis-Chinese bilinguals, irrespective of their age or generation. This is typical for two typologically different languages as Amis and Chinese. The insertion of Chinese into Amis structure is more prevalent than inserting Amis into Chinese structure, and a significant difference is found between age and preferred structure. The most typical elements used in noun phrases referring to things, followed by name, time, and kinship
Efficacy of a formalin-inactivated vaccine against <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> infection in golden pompano <em>Trachinotus ovatus</em>
No full text*Lactococcus garvieae* is one of the primary pathogens causing the severe disease to golden pompano (*Trachinotus ovatus*). Vaccination is the most effective measure of preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. However, no commercially available vaccine protects *T. ovatus* against *L. garvieae* infection. In the present study, the formalin-inactivated *L. garvieae* vaccines, consisting of bacterin alone (aqueous vaccine) and combined with oil adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG (vaccine+763A), were prepared and administered to *T. ovatus* by intraperitoneal injection. The protective efficacy was evaluated by testing the relative percent survival (RPS), serum enzyme activity, and expression levels of immune-related genes in the tissues of *T. ovatus* after immunization. The results indicated that the relative percentage survival (RPS) values of aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A were 80% and 90.8% at 8 weeks post-vaccination. The level of antibody titer, lysozyme activities, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the two vaccinated fish groups increased significantly compared to that in the control group. Moreover, the expression levels of immune-related genes *IgM*, *TNF-α*, *IL-8*, *MHCI-α*, *MHCII*, *CD4*, *CD8α,* and *IL-1β* in all the tested tissues from *T. ovatus* were significantly enhanced after inoculation with aqueous vaccine and vaccine+763A. These findings demonstrated that the developed vaccine combined with oil adjuvant ISA 763 A VG improved immune responses and provided good protective efficacy against *L. garvieae* infection in the golden pompano culture
Effect of aqueous ozone treatment on some quality changes of vacuum-packed meagre (<em>Argyrosomus regius</em>) fillets
Get PDFIn this study, microbiological, sensory and color changes in vacuum-packed meagre fillets treated with aqueous ozone for different periods of time were investigated. Meagre fillets were treated with ozone for 15 (O-15) and 30 (O-30) minutes and vacuum-packed and stored at +2 °C for 12 days. Control group (C) was not treated with ozone and stored after vacuum packaging. For microbiological changes, Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TMAB), Pseudomonas sp., Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Total Psychrophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TPAB) counts were analyzed. At the end of storage, the highest bacterial counts were found in group C (>7.00 log cfu/g). In ozone-treated samples, Pseudomonas sp. counts did not exceed 7.00 log cfu/g only in the O-30 group. In the sensory evaluation of the samples, it was determined that the total demerit points were 18 points for group C, 16.25 points for O-15 and 14.75 points for O-30 at the end of storage over 30. No significant change was found according to the color results of the samples, but at the end of storage, it was observed that the L value of the ozone-treated samples was higher and the samples had a lighter color. In the conclusion of the results, it was observed that ozone treatment prolonged the shelf life of vacuum-packed meagre fillets for 4 days for the O-30 group compared to control and O-15 group without causing the sensory and color loss
Production and Growth Performance of <em>Nannochloropsis oculata</em> (Droop) Hibberd in the Helical Photobioreactor
Get PDFPhytoplankton species preferred in marine fish farming are the primary food source in the larval and young stages of bivalve mollusks, along with some fish and shellfish larvae. For this reason, selecting the appropriate phytoplankton and production technique for feeding marine fish larvae is crucial. Nannochloripsis oculata microalgae species, widely used in rearing sea bream and sea bass larvae and feeding rotifers, has an essential place in our country. N. oculata microalgae species, which is used in rearing sea bream and sea bass larvae and feeding rotifers, was produced in a helical photobioreactor by applying a continuous production technique at 30 ‰ salinity, and its growth performance was aimed to be investigated. In the study, N. oculata was grown in a helical photobioreactor at 30‰ salinity by applying the continuous production technique for two weeks, and the daily cell number and specific growth rate were determined. The study was repeated three times. The supply of live feed for marine fish fry and hatcheries established for this purpose is one of the most critical problems. The latest technology in the production of microalgae, which is the primary link of the live feed chain in this sector, is continuous algae production in helical tubular reactors. The helical tubular reactor used in the study consists of a transparent hose system consisting of a completely tubular helical reactor designed for microalgae production. The helical tubular continuous production system offers more efficient and economically more convenient alternatives than existing production systems. One of the most essential advantages of this system is that the system can be designed without requiring significant capital. The continuous culture technique allows the application of long-term and safe algae cultures. With this system, besides providing continuity in production, the negativities in batch production can be eliminated with adequate light. Since the algae production with the continuous method in the spiral photobioreactor remains in the maximum growth phase for a longer time than the batch production, it is a system with high production efficiency and quality, and production capacity is guaranteed. In addition, the algae product harvesting in the continuous system ensures the daily harvesting of algae as much as half of the system volume. A helical reactor enables automation in algae production and high-quality production over long periods. In the study, the sowing density of N. oculata was determined as 1.068x106 ±0.006 cells/mL. Algin cell growth increased logarithmically during the first five days. From the 5th day to the 15th day, the increase in the number of cells was determined as 12.35x106±0.165 cells/mL at the highest and 8.76x106±0.709 cells/mL at the lowest. However, on the 13th day, it was determined that the increase in algin cells was 12.35x106±0.165 cells/mL, and the specific growth rate decreased by 0.189±0.016 divisions/day. As a result of the study, the number of cells of N. oculata algae 5-15 increased. It was determined that it increased 10 times between days. In this context, it was possible to harvest half of the reactor volume of algae daily at maximum cell density for long periods in the helical reacto
Papers from the 9th and 10th International Conferences of Austroasiatic Linguistics
No full textThis volume contains seven articles from ICAAL 9 and 10 (the 9th and 10th International Conferences of Austroasiatic Linguistics)