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Legislative files: Other legislation: "Laws that Treat Hawaii Differently": Appendix: Federal statutes - continental U.S. (Congressional Research Service printouts)
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Legislative files: Other legislation: "Laws that Treat Hawaii Differently": Military and defense: Department of the Air Force
No full textResearch progress on the application of <em>Clostridium butyricum</em> in shrimp aquaculture
No full textIn recent years, with the continuous expansion of aquaculture and the vigorous development of the aquaculture industry, the breeding environment and diseases have become increasingly prominent, and the quality and output of aquaculture products have been affected to a certain extent, which has become one of the important factors restricting the development of aquaculture industry. Clostridium butyricum is a kind of clostridium bacillus, a gram-positive bacterium, strictly anaerobic, which can form spores and produce short-chain fatty acids, biofuel compounds, and biomaterial precursors such as H~2~, butanol, and 1,3-propanediol in the process of fermenting carbohydrates and sugars. This article reviews the isolation, identification, main biological functions, and mechanism of C. butyricum in the gastrointestinal tract of aquatic animals and summarizes the role of C. butyricum in improving the growth performance, digestibility, survival, immune response, disease resistance, and intestinal structure, as well as regulating the intestinal symbiotic microbiota and metabolic disorders of aquatic animals. To provide insights into the key research directions of C. butyricum in shrimp aquaculture in the future, including research on the relationship between C. butyricum and the host immune system and the possibility of using C. butyricum as an antibiotic substitute for disease prevention and treatment, this study aims to provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of C. butyricum in shrimp aquaculture and promote the high-quality development of the shrimp aquaculture industry
Screening of sex-special genes in common long-arm octopus <em>Octopus minor</em> based on gonadal transcriptome sequencing
Get PDFThe common long-arm octopus (Octopus minor) is a commercially important aquaculture species in East Asia, and the male octopus grows faster than the female ones, while the information about sex-regulating mechanisms in octopuses is limited. Therefore, gonadal transcriptome sequencing was performed in O. minor to reveal the molecular mechanisms of sex regulation in cephalopods. Based on the sexuality and gonad development stage, 4 groups of 12 gonad tissues were sampled, and 11 libraries were retained for bioinformatics analysis. A total of 263,749,727 clean reads were obtained. The percentage of clean reads mapped to the O. minor reference genome ranged from 77.20% to 90.59%. A total of 3936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained between ovarian and testicular libraries by Venn diagram analysis, including 855 ovarian up-regulated and 3081 testicular up-regulated genes. Four unigenes (transcription factor Sox-8, fermentation-1, forkhead box protein L2, and ribosomal protein large 24) and one pathway (ECM-receptor interaction) were screened to be candidate molecular markers for sex determination. The reliability and accuracy of our analysis were validated via quantitative real-time PCR in 10 randomly selected DEGs. The results of our study enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sex determination and potentially helped to screen the bio-markers for O. minor in different sexes
On the Binding Preference for Thai Reflexives: The Role of Morphology, Syntax, and Pragmatics
Get PDFThai reflexives have two forms: a bare form tuaʔeŋ ‘self’ and a compound form tuakhǎwʔeŋ ‘himself, herself’. They can be bound by either local or long-distance antecedents. This study investigates the extent to which morphological forms of reflexives, locality constraint and pragmatic factors determine the selection of antecedents for Thai reflexives. Results from a binary forced-choice judgment task show that contextual information is a crucial factor guiding the selection. When contextual information is insufficiently available (i.e., unbiased/neutral), locality constraints are likely to be obeyed. The form of reflexives, bare or compound, does not seem to influence the binding option of Thai reflexives, except in the long-distance biased context where the compound form tuakhǎwʔeŋ is preferred. This study complements previous studies on Thai reflexives by addressing the role of contexts on the binding options for various forms of reflexives
Isolation and identification of <em>Acinetobacter lwoffii</em> from the Chinese Giant Salamander (<em>Andrias davidianus</em>)
No full textThis study aimed to identify the primary pathogenic bacteria responsible for the mortality of the Chinese giant salamander (Andriasd davidianus). A pathogenic bacterium was isolated from a diseased Chinese giant salamander exhibiting typical symptoms under aseptic conditions and then identified by morphological examinations, biochemical analysis, and the sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA. Artificial infection testing was then conducted to determine the pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria strain. Drug susceptibility tests were conducted using the agar diffusion method. The isolated pathogenic bacteria, named DN-2, was successfully identified as Acinetobacter lwoffii. The artificial infection showed that the typical symptoms of the disease could be replicated as the ones originally occurred, and this bacterium exhibited high pathogenicity to the Chinese giant salamander. In the Chinese giant salamander, the median lethal dosage (LD50) of A. lwoffii DN-2 for A. davidianus was determined to be 4.63×104 CFU/g. Drug sensitivity testing showed that these bacteria were highly sensitive to erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, midecamycin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, florfenicol, doxycycline, carbenicillin, and sulfanilamide. In summary, A. lwoffii was identified as the primary pathogen responsible for the demise of A. davidianus. Our study first presents how these bacteria harm Chinese giant salamanders
Development of the Periphrastic Causative Construction with a Causative Marker Thām in Thai
Get PDFPeriphrastic causative constructions have been extensively studied in linguistics. However, earlier explorations have predominantly concentrated on their characteristics from a synchronic perspective. This research aims to enhance previous investigations by employing a constructionist approach to analyze the developmental trajectory of the Thai analytic causative construction with a causative marker thām and to discuss the constructional pathway it follows. Contexts with a lexical item thām were gathered from three distinct sources: The Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre, Vajirayana Digital Library, and Thai National Corpus. Analysis revealed reveals that the serial verb construction encompassing thām was the source of development. This construction evolved into the transitive resultative construction through the lexical aspect extension of the verb following thām. Eventually, the analytic causative construction emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by an increased schematicity and a decreased semantic compositionality. The trajectory adheres to an elaboration pathway, where the simpler constructions with a higher degree of event and syntactic integration developed into more intricate ones with a lower degree of event and syntactic integration. The present study lays the groundwork for typological research into periphrastic causative constructions with a causative marker originally denoting ‘to make’, which are widespread in Southeast Asian languages