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Identification and characterization of tissue-specific genes in response to handling stress in topmouth culter (<em>Culter alburnus</em>) kidney, liver and muscle tissues
Get PDFTopmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is China's important freshwater economic fish. However, external stressors frequently provoke intense responses, leading to low survival rates and diminished productivity. The absence of stress-related genes has significantly limited our understanding of stress response in this fish. Therefore, 85,846,206 high-quality reads were acquired from kidney, liver, and muscle cDNA libraries of topmouth culter using Illumina sequencing technology in this study. Comparative analysis revealed that 3,158, 409, and 1,952 unigenes were specifically expressed in the kidney, liver, and muscle transcriptome. Additionally, 83 crucial tissue-specific genes were identified within three stress-related GO terms: response to stimulus (GO:0050896), response to stress (GO:0006950) and response to hypoxia (GO:0001666). From these, 18 tissue-specific genes were further isolated. During the short-term stress experiment (two repeated handling stress, including chasing 2 min and netting out of water for 30 sec), significant changes were observed in the cortisol levels of both the treatment and recovery groups. Furthermore, notable changes were noted in the expression of LCP2, PTK2b, and P-selectin genes in the kidney; FABP1, IGFBP1, and CYP4V2 genes in the liver; and MYH10, Myogenin 2 and Troponin C genes in the muscle of topmouth culter in the treatment and recovery groups (P \ 0.05). The tissue-specific transcriptome profiles generated in this study offer valuable insights into the molecular and functional mechanisms associated with stress response in topmouth culter. We characterized genes related to stress response in tissues such as the kidney, liver, and muscle; these findings offer novel insights into stress research in fish. We can further explore the breeding of strains with enhanced stress resistance and promote the healthy development of topmouth culter industry
Notes on the sociopolitical history of nomenclatures in Northeast India
Get PDFThis study discusses the different types of ethnolinguistic nomenclatures before and after British colonial rule in Northeast India. Before the colonial era, every community had endonyms/autonyms and exonyms for regional ethnic groups, often with inclusive cultural terms meaning ‘our people’ for themselves, while they often used derogatory terms for their neighboring communities based on features of food choice, clothing, and other ethnic features. After the British established an administration and settled in the region, they started naming the tribes of North India based on the names provided by the plainsmen under their control, often with meanings along the lines of ‘savage’, ‘uncouth’, ‘wild’, and so on. Whilst most of the names were denounced later by speakers of the languages because of their pejorative connotations, others survived, such as ‘Naga’, and more groups have embraced ‘Naga’ as their ethnic identity despite its derogative meaning, while others, such as ‘Kuki’, have divided into various tribes with their own ethnonyms. This study also deals with other factors affecting nomenclatures, namely, ‘scheduled tribe’ recognition (a constitutional safeguard for the promotion and protection of the rights of minorities belonging to a social category of scheduled tribes) and the influence of Western education in shaping nomenclatures the way they are
The Molecular Characterization of the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) ORF24 Protein and its effect on the expression of immune genes (in vitro)
Get PDFCyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is highly contagious and lethal. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ORF24-encoding protein of CyHV-3, investigate its sub-cellular localization, and determine its impact on the expression of immune factors through in vitro experiments. The results showed that the CyHV-3 ORF24 protein comprises 579 amino acids. Interestingly, multiple comparisons with homologous proteins from three carp herpesvirus origins showed no significant similarity. The fluorescence localization experiment showed that the green fluorescence signal, representing the protein pEGFP-ORF24, was primarily diffused in the cytoplasm. Notably, the overexpression of ORF24 effectively suppressed the expression of immune factors in both CCO (Channel catfish ovary) and FHM (Fathead minnow muscle cell line) cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the CyHV-3 ORF24 gene exhibited significant differences from the corresponding genes in the other two carp herpesviruses. This suggests its unique functional role in the evolutionary context. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that overexpression of CyHV-3 ORF24 can effectively inhibit the expression of immune factors, underscoring its crucial role as a viral immune escape factor. These results provide further insights into the immune function of the CyHV-3 ORF24 protein and offer a theoretical foundation for developing new vaccines against CyHV-3 virus infections
Chronology of Registrogenesis in Khmer: Analyses of Poetry and Inscriptions
Get PDFThis study examines the phonological changes in Khmer, focusing on the loss of onset voicing, the emergence of register contrast, and the development of a bifurcated vowel system. By analyzing rhyme pairs from Khmer poetry (16th-19th centuries) and spelling variations in Khmer inscriptions (late 7th-mid-18th centuries), I propose a chronology of these changes. The results indicate that vowel mergers resulting from vowel bifurcation in the rhyme pairs appeared from the 17th century onwards. Additionally, spelling variations reflecting the loss of onset voicing and the vowel mergers were observed in inscriptions dating back to the late 16th century. These findings align with previous research, suggesting that both the loss of onset voicing and the vowel bifurcation occurred in the late 16th century. However, the relative chronology of these changes remains uncertain since evidence for both changes emerges around the same time
Molecular Detection and Subtype Distribution of <em>Blastocystis sp.</em> in Cold-water Fish and cultured water
Get PDFBlastocystis sp. is a eukaryotic protozoan parasite reported in patients with diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. So far, it has been determined the parasite occurs in the intestinal tract of humans and animals worldwide. However, few studies have investigated the distribution of Blastocystis sp. in cold-water fish and cultured water. After DNA extraction of tissue and water samples, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was established to detect Blastocystis sp. The results showed the detection rate of the parasite was 3.70% in the tissue samples and 6.29% in water samples. Only the ST1 subtype was in fish, but five subtypes, ST1, ST2, ST10, ST21, and ST24, were detected in water samples. There were no significant differences in the water distribution rate of Blastocystis sp. The presence of Blastocystis sp. was detected in the intestinal digesta of cold-water fish for the first time in this study, which hinted that Blastocystis sp. may infect cold-water fish. It is speculated that Blastocystis sp. entered the intestinal tract of fish with feeding and water flow. The results will provide data support for ecological prevention and control of cold-water fish diseases and lay a foundation for the formulation of sustainable aquaculture development strategies
Identification of <em>Acinetobacter schindleri</em> isolated from Chinese giant salamanders (<em>Andrias davidianus</em>)
No full textAt a particular aquaculture facility in Zhangjiajie in China, the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) exhibited analogous clinical manifestations, culminating in sequential mortalities. This study used rigorous aseptic sampling methods to isolate bacteria from the affected liver of salamanders to determine the causative agent behind the decline in amphibians. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from diseased A. davidianus, and the strain was named DN-3. This isolate was subjected to bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility assays, reinfection experiments, and biochemical profiling. The isolated bacterial strain was definitively identified as Acinetobacter schindleri using 16S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that this isolate was susceptible to neomycin, macrolides, doxycycline, piperacillin, nitrofurantoin, and carbenicillin. Subsequent reinfection assays, in which varying concentrations of the bacterial inoculum were administered to healthy salamanders, confirmed that the pathogen elicited varying degrees of morbidity or mortality within an eight-day observation period. The median lethal dose (LD50) of A. schindleri DN-3 for A. davidianus was calculated to be 6.25×104 CFU/mL. This result supports the significant pathogenicity of the strain for A. davidianus. The findings of this study provide empirical insights into the clinical management and epidemiological control of diseases affecting A. davidianus
Study on the influence of digital inclusive finance on the development of provincial fishery economy and regional economic convergence in China
No full textIn recent years, the rapid development of digital inclusive finance in China has affected many aspects of social development, especially economic development, which has a good driving force. At the same time, the development of the fishery economy has been challenged by many aspects, and digital inclusive finance may inject new development momentum into the development of the fishery economy. Using the digital financial inclusion index and relevant data on the fishery economic development of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital financial inclusion on provincial fishery economic development through the dual fixed effect panel data econometric model of controlled region and time. The main conclusions are as follows: The benchmark regression results show that digital inclusive finance can positively promote the development of the fishery economy at the significance level of 1%, and the digital development degree of digital inclusive finance also has a significant role in promoting the development of the fishery economy. After the endogeneity test of the system GMM model and a series of robustness tests, the model results are still significant. The results of the moderating effect model show that technological innovation plays a positive moderating role in the impact of digital inclusive finance on the development of the fishery economy, while the upgrading of the industrial structure plays an inhibitory role. Based on the results of the β convergence model, it can be found that there is no convergence in the level of fishery economic development among provinces. The development of digital inclusive finance will play a greater role in promoting areas with better fisheries and economic development, thus widening the development gap between regions. Finally, the paper discusses the effect of the conclusion and the improvement, which is of reference significance for the coordinated development of the fishery economy based on finance between regions
Prediction of Shrimp Price Based on WOA-VMD-XGBoost Algorithm and SHAP Model
No full textThis research aims to construct a WOA-VMD-XGBoost-SHAP model to predict shrimp prices and analyze the nonlinear effects of key predictors. Firstly, the whale algorithm (WOA) is used to optimize the K-value and penalty parameter of the variational mode decomposition (VMD) to adaptively decompose the original price series and reduce the data noise. In addition, the trend, period, high and low frequency, and residual terms obtained from the decomposition of the original price series are used as inputs to the XGBoost model for training and testing. Finally, K-fold cross-validation and learning curves are used to test the model performance and analyze the nonlinear effects of key influencing factors in combination with the SHAP model. The results show that the Bayesian-optimized WOA-VMD-XGBoost model has excellent predictive performance with an R2 of 0.927, which is better than other benchmark models; the fluctuation of shrimp prices is cyclical, and the cyclical term accounts for 67% of the characteristic importance. The model can provide effective technical support and decision-making references for relevant management departments and enterprises to predict the price fluctuation of aquatic products