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Get PDFQuarterly publication of the Solomon Islands Statistics Office
A Description and Linguistic Analysis of the Tai Khuen Writing System
Get PDFThis article provides a description and linguistic analysis of the Tai Tham script-based orthography of Tai Khuen, a Tai-Kadai language spoken in Eastern Shan State, Myanmar. The language has a long history of writing flowing out of the literary and religious culture nurtured by the Lan Na Kingdom from the 13th Century onwards. Comparison of phoneme and grapheme inventories shows that the orthography is well able to represent the spoken language as well as ancient Pali religious texts. Apart from spelling conventions reflecting the etymology of borrowed Pali and Sanskrit morphemes, sound changes over time have also decreased the phonological transparency of the orthography, notwithstanding the need of some more conservative varieties which still preserve distinctions lost in other varieties. Despite the complexities of the script, the literacy rates in Khuen are remarkably high for a minority language not taught in the government school system
Myanmar-based Khamti Shan Orthography
Get PDFKhamti Shan, a Tai language spoken in Kachin State, Myanmar, is a northern dialect of Shan spoken in Shan State. Shan and Khamti Shan have adapted the Myanmar (Burmese) writing system for their own use. The Khamti Shan orthography was revised in 2006, fully integrated with current literacy applications and adapting a portion of the Myanmar Unicode set of characters along with an extended set of characters specific to Shan. Khamti Shan in Myanmar differs from the Northeast India variety (Tai Khamti) by distinguishing a palatal nasal and a rhotic. Described are the Khamti Shan phoneme-grapheme correspondences, engendering the segmental, suprasegmental and syllabic features of the orthography, along with a Latin-based transliteration guide for glossing of data. A transliterated and glossed text sample is found in the appendix
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of HSP60 in Mandarin Fish Siniperca chuatsi
Get PDFHSP60 protein plays an important role in stress response, protein folding, and cell signaling. In this study, mitochondrial HSP60 from Siniperca chuatsi was identified, and its cDNA and gDNA structures, amino acid sequence features, and phylogenetic analysis, were described. Expression profiles during embryonic development, in different tissues and under stressful conditions were analyzed using RT-PCR. During embryogenesis, low levels of transcripts of ScHSP60 were detected during early developmental stages and were upregulated at blastopore closure stages to 1 dpf. ScHSP60 showed tissue-specific variation, highly expressed in ovaries under non-stressed conditions. Acute heat shock at 340C resulted in strong upregulation of ScHSP60 in heart, liver, and head kidney in a time-dependent manner. However rapid and gradual elevated heat shock did not affect ScHSP60 expression when temperature reached 340C, although it was dramatically induced when temperature reached 38.80C. ScHSP60 was also markedly induced in the liver in a stage-dependent manner under hypoxia. Additionally, Aeromonas hydrophila infection augmented ScHSP60 in head kidney and spleen. Results showed that ScHSP60 expression is significantly modified under different environmental conditions including high temperatures, hypoxia, and bacterial infection. This study will further clarify the role of fish HSP60 in embryogenesis and under stressful conditions, and contribute to further investigation to understand stress tolerance and disease resistance of mandarin fish
Growth of Wild Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Juveniles for Organic Aquaculture
Get PDFThe majority of organic marine fish farms currently begin the production cycle with non-organic juveniles from conventional hatcheries, permitted by the European Regulation on organic fish origin (EC 710/2009) until the end of 2016. Wild juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from coastal lagoons and hatcheries were experimentally reared under organic conditions, in order (1) to investigate differences in fillet lipid content and fatty acids composition, and (2) to propose a possible future source of juveniles destined for organic aquaculture. Wild juveniles were readily distinguishable by their fatty acid signature, showing significantly higher ratio levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3/n-6. Fillet lipid composition of organically fed wild S. aurata juveniles was preferable to that from domesticated juveniles. These results seem promising for organic aquaculture, where fish feed is more environmentally sustainable but is of lower nutritional qualit
Assessment and Potential Application of the Probiotic Strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP2, Isolated from Fermented Seafood-Jeotgal in Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Juveniles
Get PDFThe strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP2 was isolated from Jeotgal, traditional fermented seafood from Jeju Island, South Korea to assess its probiotic and antibacterial effect against fish pathogens. The isolate JFP2 was identified using scanning electron microscopic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolated strain, B. amyloliquefaciens JFP2 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative fish pathogenic bacteria namely Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Photobacterium damselase sup-sps, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Streptococcous parauberis, S. iniae and Vibrio anguillaram. The bacteriocin JFP2 with a molecular mass of 37 kDa that was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by carboxymethyl-Sephadex column chromatography, showed antibacterial activity at a range of temperatures, from 4º-45ºC and at a range of pH values from 2-12. However, loss of antibacterial activity was observed after treating the bacteriocin with proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin, proteinase K, and trypsin. The mode of antibacterial action shown by the bacteriocin JFP2 was bacteriolytic in nature, resulting in cell wall degradation of A. hydrophila. Dietary inclusion of the isolated JFP2 strain showed improved growth performance in juvenile flounder along with increased disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. These results indicate that the bacteriocin JFP2 belongs to class IIIa bacteriocin that could be used as a potential alternative antibacterial agent to control pathogenic diseases in aquaculture and seafood industries
Sources of Written Burmese –ac and related questions in Burmese historical phonology
Get PDFThis is a response to issues in the article “Proto-Lolo-Burmese and Old Burmese Sources of Written Burmese”, a recent English translation of an article by Yoshio Nishi published originally in 1974
Old Burmese ry- – a Remark on Proto-Lolo-Burmese Resonant Initials
Get PDFPhilological evidence and comparative phonology confirm the existence of an initial ry- in Old Burmese and Proto-Lolo-Burmese, evidence that is over looked in much scholarship (e.g. Matisoff 1979, 1991, etc.)
