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Kāpasa Fetu'u [star compass] Community Needs Assessment
No full textReport and info-graphic sheet.Quoted from project website: "The following documents discuss a community-led assessment completed in San Francisco across multiple months in 2021-2022. The assessment utilized a mixed methods approach, including Indigenous Pacific methodologies to gather the stories of 365 community members including NHPI youth, young adults, parents, caretakers, community leaders, and service providers. The report and infographic sheet include details of the process, assessment findings that focus on youth identity and wellness, family experiences, and community programs, as well as recommendations to improve support for NHPI youth, young adults, and families in San Francisco. This is a project of the following research team: Levalasi Loi-On, Sarah Wongking Tanuvasa, Asipesionau Finau, Vonnie Kiliona, Tina Kuresa, Keresoma La'a, Tupou Latukefu, Christine Mauia, DannyBoy Naha-Ve'evalu, Matani Novero-Pa'aga, Koreena Ortiz-Tanuvasa, Sonya Peleseuma-Breiz, Jeremiah Seumanu, Sylvia "Mammasyl" Selinger-Tauala, Annie Seuseu, Gethsemane Tagaloa, Joshawn Tupuola, Tone Va'i, Edel Vaovasa, and Samuelu Veu. In Partnership with the SF Department of Children, Youth, and Families, Samoan Community Development Center, All My Usos, Faʻatasi Youth Services, PasifikaByDesign, SF Tongans Rise Up.
Morphogenesis of largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV) in the <em>epithelioma papulosum cyprinid</em> cell line
Get PDFLargemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV) belongs to the Ranavirus genus of the Iridoviridae family. It is a highly pathogenic virus that causes mass mortality in largemouth bass. In recent years, outbreaks of LMBRaV have been found in various provinces throughout China. Previous research mainly focused on virus isolation, identification, and detection, while the morphological change of the virus was still unknown. In this study, the ultrastructural morphogenesis of LMBRaV in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells was observed and studied by using transmission electron microscopy. EPC cells were infected with LMBRaV (MOI=0.1) and then examined at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post infection. LMBRaV entered cells through endocytosis or direct penetration of cell membrane. After entering, the virus was observed in vesicles or lysosomes. After capsid uncoating, the virus genomes passed through the nuclear membrane and entered the cell nucleus. Virus genomes completed replication in the nucleus then transferred into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the progeny virus was assembled in the viromatrix and then aggregated in pseudocrystalline array. Finally, mature virus particles released through budding release from the cell membrane. Mature virus particles had a hexagonal shape and a diameter of approximately 150 nm. This study revealed the process of morphogenesis of LMBRaV in EPC cell line, providing essential information for further research on pathogenic mechanisms and immunological prevention of LMBRaV
Phylogenetic relationships analysis of the family Scombridae (Actinopterygii, Scombriformes)
Get PDFScombridae is a family of pelagic marine fishes that comprises 16 genera and 51 species. This family has been of significant commercial importance throughout history; however, the phylogenetic relationships within the Scombridae have been disputed due to the unclear taxonomic boundaries of the suborder Scombroidei, which includes six families, including Scombridae. Despite this, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the Scombridae. In our study, eight species covering five genera of the Scombridae were selected, and one nuclear (ITS) and three mitochondrial DNA markers (CO1, Cytb, and D-loop) were used to amplify gene fragments. Additionally, we included homologous sequences from other Scombridae fishes obtained from GenBank. Our analysis constructed phylogenetic relationships of 48 Scombridae species in 14 genera. The results demonstrated that the three phylogenetic trees (NJ, ML, and BI) exhibited similar topologies, containing three major clades. One major clade indicated that Grammatorcynus bilineatus and Grammatorcynus bicarinatus did not cluster with other species in the Scombridae; another clade comprised the genera Scomber and Rastrelliger; the third clade consists of the remaining Scombridae species. Notably, the study showed that Gasterochismatinae and Scombrinae were not sister groups; Allothunnus (tribe Thunnini) and Cybiosarda (tribe Sardini) clustered into a clade, suggesting that Sardini and Thunnini were non-monophyletic. Overall, this research enhances the understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the Scombridae and provides basic information to aid further research
Book review: When Women Ruled the Pacific: Power and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Tahiti and Hawaiʻi
No full textBook review: Narrating Humanity: Life Writing and Movement Politics from Palestine to Mauna Kea
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Isolation, Identification, and Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) from Farmed Rainbow Trout in Southwest China
Get PDFIHNV troubled the salmon breeding industry in China for years, and it often causes large-scale deaths. To study the disease characteristics of IHNV and its epidemiology in China， this study isolated and sequenced the Whole genome of an IHNV strain (IHNV-SCCD) (GenBank No： OQ801357) from farmed diseased rainbow trout in Chengdu and compared 99 IHNV strains from China by mega.11. The IHNV-SCCD strain was isolated by using EPC cells. The complete genome sequence was determined and deposited in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis showed that IHNV-SCCD belongs to the typical J gene group, recently with Sichuan strains. Except for BjLL strain and LN12-17 strain, the remaining 98 strains followed a single evolutionary path. Note that IHNV in Liaoning province is the fastest evolutionary. In addition to the geographical differences, the Xinjiang strains were closely related to the Yunnan strains, and some strains from Beijing were closely related to some strains from Sichuan. There were two evolutionary branches in Gansu and Qinghai; QH17, isolated from Qinghai, was most closely related to SX1704 from Shaanxi. These results suggest that the prevalence of IHNV in China was extremely wide, and the evolution rate was fast. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and prevention methods
Political Offices: State Legislature: Subject Files: Education: University of Hawaiʻi presidency
No full textThe difference in salinity tolerance between cultured and wild sea cucumber <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> Selenka based on survival, enzyme activity and transcriptome analyses
No full textSalinity is a critical environmental factor affecting the growth, survival, distribution, and physiological processes of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). In this study, we examined the survival rates, enzymatic activities, and transcriptomes of one cultured and two wild populations of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus Selenka to compare their tolerance across a range of salinities. Significant differences in survival rates were observed among the three populations when exposed to salinity levels of 45, 40, 23, 20, and 17 psu. As salinity decreased, the activities of catalase, Na+-K+-ATPase, amylase and superoxide dismutase in cultured sea cucumbers peaked at 23 psu, and declined at 20 psu. In contrast, the activities of these enzymes in wild sea cucumbers decreased at 23 psu. At 40 psu, the four enzymatic activities significantly decreased in cultured sea cucumbers but continued to increase significantly in wild populations (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) function revealed the terms “cellular process,” “membrane” and “binding” were most enriched in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified “Glycerophospholipid metabolism” and “Starch and sucrose metabolism” among the top 10 most enriched pathways. The findings of this study provide new insights into the salinity tolerance adaptation of cultured sea cucumbers
Identification and characterization of tissue-specific genes in response to handling stress in topmouth culter (<em>Culter alburnus</em>) kidney, liver and muscle tissues
No full textTopmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is an important freshwater economic fish in China. However, external stress often triggers strong reactions, resulting in low survival rates and reduced productivity. The absence of stress-related genes has significantly limited our understanding of stress response in this fish. Therefore, 85,846,206 high-quality reads were acquired from kidney, liver and muscle cDNA libraries of topmouth culter using illumina sequencing technology in this study. Comparative analysis revealed that 3,158; 409 and 1,952 unigenes were specifically expressed in the kidney, liver and muscle transcriptome, respectively. Additionally, 83 crucial tissue-specific genes were identified within three stress-related GO terms: response to stimulus (GO:0050896), response to stress (GO:0006950) and response to hypoxia (GO:0001666). From these, 18 tissue-specific genes were further isolated. During the short-term stress experiment (two repeated handling stress, including chasing 2 min and netting out of water for 30s), significant changes were observed in the cortisol levels of both the treatment and recovery groups. Furthermore, notable changes were noted in the expression of LCP2, PTK2b and P-selectin genes in the kidney; FABP1, IGFBP1 and CYP4V2 genes in the liver; and MYH10, Myogenin 2 and Toponin C genes in the muscle of topmouth culter in the treatment and recovery groups (P < 0.05). The tissue-specific transcriptome profiles generated in this study offer valuable insights into the molecular and functional mechanisms associated with stress response in topmouth culter. We characterizated genes related to stress response in tissues such as the kidney, liver and muscle, these findings offer novel insights into stress research in fish. We can further explore the breeding of strains with enhanced stress resistance and promote the healthy development of topmouth culter industry