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Twos and Fore: Dual Organization and the Importance of Foreshadowing in Prai Story Structure
Get PDFThis study examines two Prai folk tales through the lens of universal story grammar. Since the 1970’s, schema theory has been invaluable in explaining how information in narratives is encoded, processed, and retrieved. Story grammar further defined how narratives are stored by proposing a hierarchical organizational framework. This paper critically examines claims about the universality of story grammar. Analysis for this study took into account significant pragmatic features (repetition, pauses, and rate of speech) that indicate episode boundaries and important transitions. Overlapping features reveal that Prai narrative texts differ from previous studies in several important ways. The stories show that information is organized according to a binary structure. In addition, story grammar rules do not adequately describe the importance of foreshadowing to the comprehension of Prai folk stories, nor do they account for how endings are often de-emphasized
NEMS
Get PDF1 volume; illustrations, maps."In 2015, SPREP worked with the RMI Government to produce a State of Environment (SoE) report, through its UNEP-ACP/MEA funding. An RMI National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS) was developed to guide RMI’s response to issues identified in the SoE." (From the NEMS introduction.
Dietary Soybean Lecithin Enhances Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency and Body Composition of Early Juvenile Milkfish, Chanos chanos
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary soybean lecithin (SBL) on the growth performance, feed utilization, and survival of early juvenile milkfish. Five experimental diets containing increasing levels of SBL (0 g, 0.75 g, 1.5 g, 3.0 g and 6.0 g/100 g diet) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of early juvenile milkfish (≈ 9.0 mg) for 50 days. Results showed that dietary lecithin inclusion improved Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Survival, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of milkfish juvenile. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary level of SBL to promote optimum growth in milkfish early juvenile is 3.56g/100g diet. Beyond this inclusion level, growth performance indices tend to decline. Higher carcass total protein and lipid contents were observed in treatment groups fed diets with optimum inclusion levels of SBL compared to the other treatments. Collectively the findings suggest that incorporating SBL at an optimum dose of 3.56g/100g diet enhances survival, overall growth performance, and improves carcass composition of early juvenile milkfish. Dietary SBL inclusion could be a practical approach in improving the efficiency of juvenile milkfish nursery production to meet the requirements of the expanding cage aquaculture production systems
Bacillus mycoides: An Emerging Pathogen of Ulcerative Disease in Farmed Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides
Get PDFUlcerative disease causes significant economic losses in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides production. Yet information reported on Bacillus mycoides as a pathogen for largemouth bass is scarce. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named LYS1, was isolated from diseased M. salmoides suffering from ulcerative disease, identified phenotypically and molecularly as B. mycoides. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine isolate LYS1 and compare it to other known isolates. In addition, isolate LYS1 appears to be susceptible to aminoglycosides and quinolones drugs for veterinary use in aquaculture as seen when screened against a range of common antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. mycoides as a pathogen of ulcerative disease in farmed largemouth bas
Padina caulescens and Schizochytrium sp. as Supplemented Feed in the Nursery Production of Penaeus vannamei Post Larvae Reared in Biofloc Systems
Get PDFThe appearance of diverse diseases in cultured shrimp has led to the search for alternative prevention strategies. One of these alternatives is Biofloc technology (BFT). However, this requires further optimization. The objective of this work is to improve this system by adding microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.), probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum), and macroalga (Padina caulescens), which in addition to maintaining the quality of water in the Penaeus vannamei culture, improves growth parameters at the maternity stage. We installed an experiment that included six different treatments in culture tanks containing 250 L of seawater each, and 500 shrimp (68 mg) m/3, and evaluated the results for 35 days, in which we gradually decreased the inert-feed to 50-75% and substituted it with 50-25% of P. caulescens. The results showed that, in comparison to the control, survival, and final weight of the shrimps improved and improved further with the use of probiotic bacteria, Schizochytrium sp. and P. caulescens and probiotic bacteria enabled a reduction of 50% of the inert feed. Therefore, we recommended the use of P. caulescens, Schizochytrium sp. (LPU-1), and L. fermentum (T-19) in BFT cultures for P. vannamei