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Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition and Serum Biochemistry in Golden Pompano Trachinotus Ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Fed Diets with Various Fish Oil Substitutes
Get PDFIn this study, 640 golden pompano (mean initial weight of 82.85±2.36 g) were randomly allocated into 32 floating net cages. Eight experimental diets involving various lipid sources were given. They were: fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO), soybean oil (SO), corn oil (CO), 1:1 FO-SO, 1:1 FO-CO, 1:1 KO-SO and 1:1 KO-CO. The results showed that the specific growth rate in the SO, CO, 1:1 FO-SO and 1:1 KO-SO groups was significantly lower than in the FO group (P<0.05), and the 1:1 KO-CO had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all the diets. The muscle fatty acid compositions were closely correlated with the fatty acid composition of the diets. Moreover, the serum MDA content of golden pompano fed the other seven diets was significantly lower than that of the fish fed the FO diet (P<0.05) except for the 1:1KO-CO diet, with the lowest MDA content, which occurred in KO diet. Accordingly, we concluded that the FO, KO, 1:1 FO-SO and 1:1 KO-CO diets resulted in improvements in growth performance in golden pompano. Moreover, KO diet regulated some physiological and biochemical indicators. This study could provide a basis for the response-based selection of optimal lipid sources
Physical Responses of Lates calcarifer to Acute Nitrite Stress
Get PDFAbstract_The acute toxicity of nitrite (133.33, 266.66, 399.99mg/L) to 15 days posthatched Lates calcarifer (barramundi) was studied by semi-static bioassay method; 0 mg/L nitrite was used as control. Samples were obtained at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively to measure and analyze the activity of antioxidant, digestive enzymes, and concentration of serum cortisol. Nitrite concentration and exposure time significantly affected the antioxidant and digestive enzymes activities. By the end of the experiment, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group, while peroxidase (POD) and catalase activities were significantly lower than in the control group except for in higher concentrations. Differing from POD and catalase, the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity of sub-concentration treatment was significantly higher than in the control group. Amylase activity in the nitrite stressed group was significantly lower than the control group, while the results of protease and lipase activity were reversed. Cortisol activity was delayed because of acute nitrite stress in the barramundi. Lates calcarifer showed certain short-term tolerance to nitrite stress. Results from the present study indicate that nitrite stress stimulates the responses of antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity and cortisol in fish, and these parameters can be used as physical indicators of stress
Healthcare & Education, 1971 - 2000: Native Hawaiian Educational Assessment Project
Get PDFThis folder holds the "Native Hawaiian Educational Assessment Project" report, which looks at the education journey, identifies the unique educational needs of Native Hawaiians, and compares the Indian Education Act with the Hawaiian Education Act. This material looks at Hawai'i's educational achievements, the impact of various people and historical events on the people of Hawai'i, and experiences of individual Native Hawaiians from statehood onward. The study hopes to determine whether educational experiences and the quality of education in Hawai'i have improved, to understand Hawaiians feelings on their education, and to determine what areas are in need of further research
Effects of Housefly Maggot Meal and Earthworms on Growth and Immunity of the Asian Swamp Eel Monopterus albus (Zuiew)
Get PDFFly larvae (maggot meal) and earthworms are promising potential replacements for increasingly expensive and unsustainable fishmeal. Apart from being a good protein source, fly larvae also contain substances with immunostimulant capacity, however the impact of their inclusion in feed on the immune system remains only partially understood. To address this, we studied the effects of four diets with varying levels of earthworm (40-70%) and maggot meal (0-30%) on growth and immunocompetence of juvenile Asian swamp eels Monopterus albus (fish n = 480, duration = 40 days). Maggot meal inclusion resulted in a significantly (P<0.05) higher total protein, glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity, anti-oxidizing enzyme and lysozyme activity, and significantly lower triglycerides, in the blood serum. Bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) challenge test results showed that adding maggot meal to the feed improved survival rate and immunocompetence at all three tested inclusion ratios. The strongest positive impact on most studied parameters (including 50% higher survival and 21.4% higher immunocompetence) was observed in the 20% inclusion group. As positive effects were slightly lower at the 30% level, the optimal combination of the two ingredients was 20% maggot meal and 50% earthworm
Advances in Intestinal Mucosal Immunoglobulins of Teleost Fish (Review)
Get PDFImmunoglobulins are globulins with antibody activity or antibody-like structures, and fish were the first vertebrates to develop immunoglobulins. There are three major types of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD and IgZ) in teleost fish, which play an important role in resisting pathogen infection. For fish, the intestinal tract is not only the place for nutrient digestion but also the largest endocrine organ. The intestinal mucosal barrier system can block pathogenic microorganisms and toxins and is important for immunologic defense. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanism of fish immunoglobulin in intestinal mucosa is of great significance to the selection of immune prevention strategies for fish diseases. At present, information on the immune system of intestinal mucosa in fish is scarce, and there are still many problems in the function of newly identified antibodies, which need further research. In this study, we have summarized current knowledge about the types, gene structure, biological function, and immune response of immunoglobulins in teleost fish, and intestinal mucosal immune tissue of fish. The scientific questions in this field were also presented according to the progress from the latest research in fish immunology. The aim of present study is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of fish immunology
Tonal Variation in Pyen
Get PDFSeveral studies on the Tibeto-Burman Ngwi (Lolo) language family describe tone behavior in the framework of tonogenesis/historical reconstruction among the different languages, but synchronic tonal analyses are rare or are lacking in specifics. After laying out the phoneme inventory, this paper presents a look at the tone of Pyen, belonging to the Bisoid subgroup of Southern Ngwi, spoken in Myanmar. We focus especially on tone sandhi and phrase-final intonation. Its three contrastive tones, high, mid, and low, occur on every word type. Verbal suffixes differ from this pattern; they carry only the high or low tone, depending on the tone of either the preceding verb stem or any preceding tone-bearing suffix. A non-lexical intonational-phrase-final boundary tone is frequently used to express exclamation or emphasis, and is often found in conjunction with phrasal affixes indicating grammatical mood. This falling boundary tone is associated with a greater excursion of pitch than the low boundary tone found in neutral expressions
Book Notice: Mainland Southeast Asian Languages - A Concise Typological Introduction, by N. J. Enfield
Get PDFThis is a book notice for "Mainland Southeast Asian Languages - A Concise Typological Introduction" (2019) by N. J. Enfield
Proposing a Facilitated Participatory Approach for Southeast Asian Minority Language Orthography Design
Get PDFIn strongly hierarchical societies, ownership of and involvement in community-related projects often is linked to the social status of individual community members and external specialists, rather than the community as a whole. This paper therefore proposes a hybrid approach to integrate participatory strategies and a significant degree of outsider input in orthography development in Southeast Asian hierarchical societies. Proposing this mixed approach of combining linguistically optimal ‘autonomous’ orthography design and local ownership-oriented participatory methods is based on previously described procedures in orthography development as well as the author’s own observations while consulting on Latin- and Brahmi-based minority language orthographies in Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos