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Get PDFThis folder contains a National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form, which includes a cultural resources survey, as well as other reports and correspondence relating to use of the island, ordnance removal, community interests, and airspace
Request Modifications Used by Chinese Learners and Native Speakers of Thai
Get PDFMost interlanguage pragmatic studies in Thailand focus on learning/teaching English as a second/foreign language, while interlanguage characteristics of learners of Thai as a second language are still under-investigated. With a view to bridge this gap, this study aims to investigate the interlanguage characteristics of 51 Chinese learners of Thai (CLT) in comparison with 66 native speakers of Thai (NST) through the use of request modifications. The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) comprising 12 scenarios with the three assigned social variables relative power (P), social distance (D), and rank of imposition (R) was used to elicit the request utterances. The results reveal 20 external and 14 internal modification types used to modify the requests. Overall, it seems that CLT and NST share several request modification types; however, each group of speakers rely on some specific modification types. The mutual modification types suggest that CLT acquire pragmatic competence until they can master most modification types of request. However, the modification types which only occur in the CLT’s data point out the interlanguage use of request modifications
Effects of Fish Meal Replaced by Maggot Culture on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Antioxidant Responses of Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)
Get PDFThis present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with maggot culture, on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of maggot culture (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 5%), which replaced 0% (the control), 20%, 40%, 80% and 100% fish meal, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 hybrid tilapia (initial mean body weight: 2.12 ± 0.01g) per tank for 8 weeks. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily (08:00 and 16:00). Results showed that the inclusion of maggot culture did not significantly influence survival, weight gain, feed conversion rate, and morphological parameters of tilapia. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were not significantly affected by the supplementation of maggot culture. Also, the inclusion of maggot culture did not significantly influence moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents of whole body and muscle. Based on these above observations, fish meal could be totally replaced by maggot culture without a negative influence on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant capability in hybrid tilapia
Effects of Different Iron Sources on the Growth and Iron Concentrations of Tissues, Organs, and Blood of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Get PDFA 70-day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects of different iron (Fe) sources on growth and Fe concentrations in the tissues, organs, and blood of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five experimental diets (45.0% crude protein, 3.7% crude lipid) with the same Fe concentration (100 mg/kg of feed) were formulated from different Fe sources: ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous chloride (FeCl2), ferrous citrate (C6H5FeO7), and iron porphyrin (Fe-porphyrin). The results showed that the percent weight gain (%WG) of fish in the FeCl2 group was the greatest among all five groups (p mid-hind intestine > liver > gill, muscle, foregut > spine. The spleen had the highest Fe content in all groups on day 70. These results suggest that FeCl2 is the best source of dietary Fe for O. niloticus with %WG as the main indicator
Fermented Copra Meal as Replacement for Dietary Fish Meal Protein in Grow-Out Culture of Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon Juveniles
Get PDFFeeding trials were conducted to assess the effects of diets containing fermented copra (FCM) as an alternative to fish meal (FM) on growth, survival, and feed efficiency, in Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon. A diet was formulated where 40% of the FM protein was replaced by FCM protein, and compared with a commercial shrimp diet. The feeding experiments were carried out using 10-ton capacity circular outdoor tanks. Three hundred and fifty (350) shrimp were stocked in each tank at a density of 35 shrimp per m3. They were fed the diets at a rate which decreased from 15% down to 4% of average body weight (ABW) per day. The results demonstrated that growth, survival, and feed performance, in P. monodon in outdoor tanks were not affected by replacing 40% of the dietary FM with FCM protein. Furthermore, no difference was found in proximate composition of the shrimp carcass fed the commercial and experimental diets. Although protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the commercial and FCM-based diets were similar, protein productive value (PPV) was significantly higher in the FCM than the commercial diet. Hence, we concluded that FCM is a promising alternative protein source for Black Tiger shrimp and can replace 40% of the fish meal protein without adversely affecting growth, survival, and feed efficiency
Advances in Intestinal Mucosal Immunoglobulins of Teleost Fish (A Review)
Get PDFImmunoglobulins are globulins with antibody activity or antibody-like structures, and fish were the first vertebrates to develop immunoglobulins. There are three major types of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD and IgZ) in teleost fish, which play an important role in resisting pathogen infection. For fish, the intestinal tract is not only the place for nutrient digestion but also the largest endocrine organ. The intestinal mucosal barrier system can block pathogenic microorganisms and toxins and is important for immunologic defense. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanism of fish immunoglobulin in intestinal mucosa is of great significance to the selection of immune prevention strategies for fish diseases. At present, information on the immune system of intestinal mucosa in fish is scarce, and there are still many problems in the function of newly identified antibodies, which need further research. In this study, we have summarized current knowledge about the types, gene structure, biological function, and immune response of immunoglobulins in teleost fish, and intestinal mucosal immune tissue of fish. The scientific questions in this field were also presented according to the progress from the latest research in fish immunology. The aim of present study is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of fish immunology