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Architecturally Modified Caves on Rapa Nui: Post-European Contact Ritual Spaces?
Get PDFCaves on Rapa Nui that possess well-constructed tunnel entrance features are currently
interpreted as places of temporary refuge (ana kionga) used in the late seventeenth century
during a period of internal island conflict. The analysis of the cave interior architecture and
artifact assemblage from Site 6-357 suggests an alternate interpretation where the caves
may have served as prepared ritual spaces where food consumption, sewing and body
adornment were conducted. Radiocarbon and obsidian hydration dating indicate that the
caves were most likely constructed after European contact and were not present at an
earlier time
In Memoriam: Thomas M. Tehan (1949-2019)
Get PDFThis is an "in memoriam" for Thomas M. Tehan (1949-2019)
Transcript of Telephone conversation between Colonel Bathurst and Captain Hall - 29 February 1944
No full textTranscript of Telephone conversation between Colonel Bathurst and Captain Hall - 29 February 1944, regarding military guards at war relocation centers, civilian guards compared to limited service soldiers, and whether external guards should be under War Department control
Transcript of Telephone conversation between Colonel Bathurst and Captain Hall - 29 February 1944
No full textTranscript of Telephone conversation between Colonel Bathurst and Captain Hall - 29 February 1944, regarding military guards at war relocation centers, civilian guards compared to limited service soldiers, and whether external guards should be under War Department control
Hawaiian Organizations, 1972 - 1985: General
Get PDFNOT OCRed. This folder holds a list of Hawaiian organizations in the state of Hawai'i and in California
Expression Differences of Stress and Immunity Genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) with Different Bacterial Fish Diseases
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the changes in the mRNA transcription levels of HSP70 and IGF genes related to stress and immunity in Oncorhynchus mykiss obtained from fish farms, to determine the phenotypic and antimicrobial properties of the bacteria isolated in the study and to compare the results according to different diseases. Accordingly, six fish from each fish farm, a total of 30 fish were sampled. Bacterial identification, inoculations were carried out from the tissue samples taken from the kidney and symptomatic surfaces of fish samples in TSA. Primary cultures were obtained after incubation periods at 21 and 37oC. Gram staining, catalase, and oxidase tests were performed. Forty-six biochemical and 26 antimicrobial tests were performed using BD Phoenix ID Panels. Muscle tissue was used to determine mRNA gene expression differences and the tissues were preserved at -80°C in RNAlater storage solution. Following the RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis, a real-time PCR procedure was performed with b-Actin (ACTB), Insuline-like growth factor (IGF) and HSP70 Gene Primer Array system. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) agents were isolated in the study. These bacteria were identified with 91-99% similarity ratios. No disease agents in the gene expressions of the fish samples in were isolated and they were therefore used as controls. Compared to the control group, heat shock protein (HSP) mRNA expression was upregulated in fish tissues infected with E. faecium, S. aureus, and L. garvieae whereas no significant increase was determined in fish tissues infected with S. aureus. IGF mRNA gene expression was upregulated in all infected tissues. IGF expression was upregulated at the highest level in fish tissues infected with L. garvieae
The Vietnamese Polyfunctional Marker Mà as a Generalized Linker: A Multilevel Approach
Get PDFThe main aim of this paper is to illustrate the notions of polyfunctionality and transcategoriality as described in Robert (2003, 2004) through the case study of the marker mà in modern Vietnamese. We lay out a multilevel analysis to account for its flexible categorial status. It will be proposed that mà is best treated as a Generalized Linker whose basic function consists in connecting two constituents of different types. We show that the transcategorial behavior of this morpheme results from its ability to operate on different levels: phrase level (relativizer, verbal conjunction), clause level (correlative conjunction), and sentence level (attitudinal sentence-final particle, discourse connector). In our account, the uses of mà at the sentence level and the weakening of its core function are the byproduct of some form of ellipsis targeting one of the two constituents connected by mà