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Public Health at the Public Library: Preventative Health Programs Implemented in Large Public Libraries
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Reinventing Information Literacy with Wikipedia in Medical Education
Get PDFPresentation slidesWikipedia: everyone's patrons are using it, including medical patients seeking information on everything from colic to COVID-19. As the size and accuracy of Wikipedia increases, it becomes more important for librarians to be invested in the validity of the contents and the information literacy of the users. To this end, the Health Science Library at the John A. Burns School of Medicine participated in one of Wikipedia's outreach efforts, Wikiproject Medicine, engaging medical students to improve the completeness of articles about medicine and Hawai'i while also enhancing their level of information literacy. As a result, articles like those about The Queen’s Medical Center and Trauma Teams were vastly improved and the medical students learned a lot about communicating accurate information in plain English. Our presentation will tell you how we did it, the lessons we learned, and how you can try it, too
Plesiomonas shigelloides, a potential pathogen of enteritis in Ictalurus punctatus
Get PDFEnteritis has resulted in large economic losses in channel catfish aquaculture. Yet only scarce information is available on Plesiomonas shigelloides as a causal agent for this disease. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named BD1, was isolated from diseased channel catfish suffering from enteritis, and was identified as P. shigelloides through molecular and phenotypic methods. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed to determine its taxonomic position. In addition, the BD1 isolate has developed multiple resistances to aminoglycosides, amphenicols, quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides drugs for veterinary uses in aquaculture as revealed when screened against a range of common antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. shigelloides as a potential pathogen of enteritis in channel catfish
Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Whole Body Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Juvenile Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis)
Get PDFA 60-day study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, whole body composition and digestive enzyme activity of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) with initial average weight (3.28 ± 0.11) g. Six isonitrogenous (40.25% crude protein) diets were formulated to contain graded contents of lipid (4.72%, 7.31%, 11.02%, 14.90%, 17.14%, and 19.37%) using corn oil and soybean oil as main lipid source. The results showed that the maximum weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were recorded at 11.02% dietary lipid level. Significant alterations were demonstrated on whole-body composition by different dietary lipid levels. Crude lipid content of whole body increased in parallel with the increase of dietary lipid levels. Fish fed diet with 11.02% lipid level showed lowest moisture and ash content. The activities of amylase and protease initially increased before decreasing, and the highest activities of amylase and protease were obtained in individuals fed the 11.02% lipid content diet. There were no significant differences in condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) (P >0.05). Based on the polynomial regression analysis of WG and SGR, this study suggested that the optimum dietary lipid requirement of juvenile bighead carp was estimated to be 7.77%~8.31%
Effects of Dietary Wheat Gluten Meal on Growth, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbiome in Juvenile Large Yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea
Get PDFWheat gluten meal (WGM) was evaluated as a replacement for fish meal (FM) for juvenile Larimichthys crocea．FM was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of WGM (WGM0, WGM25, WGM50, WGM75, and WGM100, respectively). In addition, all diets except the control group were supplemented with amino acids. Fish were fed twice daily for 56 days. There were no significant differences in survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all treatments (P>0.05). WGM25, WGM50, and WGM75 groups had significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain ratio (WGR) than those fed with WGM0 (P0.05). The indexes of Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and Good coverage in fish fed with WGM0, WGM50, and WGM100 were not significantly affected (P>0.05). Firmicutes (81.03~94.03%) were the dominant bacterial community in juvenile large yellow croaker. Compared with the WGM0 group, the abundance of Firmicutes increased significantly, and Proteobacteria decreased significantly in the WGM100 group (P<0.05). These results suggested that WGM could replace 366.3 g kg-1 FM of the juvenile large yellow croaker diet
Shewanella algae: an emerging causative agent for ulcer disease in freshwater-farmed American eel Anguilla rostrata
Get PDFUlcer disease has resulted in substantial economic losses in eel aquaculture. Yet only scarce information is available on Shewanella algae as a possible causal agent for this disease. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named MY, was isolated from diseased American eel, Anguilla rostrata, suffering from ulcer disease and was identified as S. algae through molecular and phenotypic methods. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine MY and compare it to other known isolates. Besides, isolate MY has exhibited susceptibility to aminoglycosides and sulfonamides drugs for veterinary uses in aquaculture, as revealed when screened against a range of conventional antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ulcer disease caused by S. algae in American eel
Revealing the difference of intestinal microbiota composition of cultured European eels (Anguilla anguilla) with different growth rates
Get PDFAutochthonous probiotics were proposed to have a higher capacity to compete with resident pathogens and were also more prone to dominate and persist over other potentially pathogenic microbes. Therefore, the aim of this study was conducted to investigate the potential autochthonous microbiota by revealing the differences in the intestinal microbiota composition of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) with different growth rates. The differences of diversity, an abundance of the intestinal microbiota, and compositions of all the libraries were identified. Moreover, the composition of the intestinal microbiota of European eels was affected by the growth rates. The dominant phylum of the intestinal microbiota of fast growth eels was Fusobacteria, while Spirochaetes was the dominant phylum of the intestinal microbiota of slow growth and medium growth eels. Cetobacterium was identified as the predominant genera of the intestinal microbiota of fast growth eels; there was a significant difference in this genus between fast growth eels and slow growth eels. Although the relative abundances of Plesiomonas, Turicibacter, Nitrospira, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium NK4A136 group were also increased with the growth rates, only Cetobacterium seemed to have great potential as the probiotics to European eels
Potential anesthetic properties of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil compared with 2-Phenoxyethanol on Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii
Get PDFThe efficacy of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (LnEO) as a herbal anesthetic agent was evaluated with 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) in Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. Fish were exposed to different anesthetic concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations (LECs) were determined according to deep anesthesia (AD<3 min) and full recovery (RF<5 min) times. LnEO showed anesthetic properties, and all applied concentrations of both agents induced AD in C. moorii. The LECs of LnEO and 2-PE for C. moorii were determined as 800 μl L-1 (AD; RF → 183 ± 6.3 s; 191 ± 2.6 s) and 600 μl L-1 (AD; RF → 171 ± 3.2 s; 239 ± 4.9 s), respectively. Significant differences were found between anesthetic agents in terms of deep anesthesia and full recovery times for the same concentrations (p<0.05). Induction and recovery times decreased with increasing in LnEO concentrations. On the other hand, anesthesia times were decreased with increasing of 2-PE concentrations, while recovery times increased. Induction and recovery times for LnEO were significantly dependent on concentrations and positive relationships were recorded between AD and RF, whereas the relationship was negative in 2-PE. Bay leaf essential oil has not been used as an anesthetic agent in fish until now. Our results showed that LnEO was an effective anesthetic agent with some minor side effects on C. moorii
Effect of food type on the bioaccumulation and depuration of cadmium in the pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Get PDFCadmium (Cd) is commonly detected in aquatic environment and can accumulate in maricultural organisms. Modification of the food may change the bio-kinetics of trace metals in organisms. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of food type on the uptake and elimination of Cd in different tissues of oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oyster groups feeding with different food types were exposed to 10 μg/L Cd for 28 days, and then followed by a depuration of 35 days. One group was added natural seawater rich in algae, the other three groups were fed once daily with Dicrateria inornata, Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima and mixed alga (Dicrateria inornata: Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima=1:1), respectively. Oysters were sampled for chemical analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean concentrations of Cd among different oyster tissue were followed the order as: digestive gland > mantle > adductor muscle. A two-compartment model was used to estimate Cd uptake rates (k1), depuration rates (k2), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and half-lives (t1/2) in the three tissues, showing k1 was considerately higher than k2, therefore, the organism have high ability to accumulate Cd. The k1 in the digestive gland was the highest, followed by mantle and adductor muscle, while the k2 in the mantle was the lowest. In the present study, the group fed with mixed algae showed the fastest depuration rate and the shortest t1/2 in the important edible part of the oysters (digestive gland), which helps to improve food safety