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Studies in the Anthropology of Language in Mainland Southeast Asia
Get PDFThis collection of 10 articles is from the conference "The Anthropology of Language in Mainland Southeast Asia", held August 19 and 20, 2019 at the University of Sydney
Benfotiamine counteracts the negative effects of a high dietary carbohydrate on growth and ammonia toxicity resistance in post larval Penaeus monodon
Get PDFThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high carbohydrate diet in the absence of presence of dietary benfotiamine on growth and immune response against ammonia toxicity (50 mg NH4Cl L-1, average ambient temperature=27oC, pH 8.3) of post larval Penaeus monodon. A feeding trial involving three dietary treatments followed by an ammonia toxicity tests and a feed attractability test were conducted separately. During the feeding trial, shrimps were fed three experimental diets, namely, (1) a diet containing 15% starch (C), (2) a diet with 25% corn starch (high carbohydrate diet, HC) and (3) a diet containing both 25% starch supplemented with 0.2 g kg-1 benfotiamine (HCB). At the termination of the feeding trial, the shrimps were subjected to ammonia toxicity test to determine the effects of the diets on the immune response of the post larval shrimps. Attractability tests using customized aquaria showed that the HCB diet elicited significantly the highest attractability even after 10 min of feed placement in the feeding chamber. In the feeding trial that lasted for 60 days, results showed that shrimps fed with diet containing HCB exhibited significantly the highest growth rate (p<0.05) among all groups of shrimps in terms of final average body weight (FABW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR); they also exhibited significantly the highest feed intake (p<0.05). Upon challenge of the shrimps with 50 mg L-1 ammonia, shrimps fed with the HCB diet exhibited significantly the highest cumulative survival rate of 60% after 72 h while those fed with diet C and HC exhibited lower survival rates of 33% and 40%, respectively, and were not significantly different from each other. In conclusion, benfotiamine enhances attractability of the feed, growth performance and immune response against ammonia toxicity at the level of 0.2 g kg-1
Puka Puka Parade 2020 - Number 08
No full textDigital-only addendum and various inserts to the mailed PPP provided as separate files from the main issue
Effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) Essential Oils on Disease Resistance against Aeromonas sobria in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Get PDFIn this study, the chemical composition and the antibacterial properties against Aeromonas sobria of the essential oils of rosemary and sage in gold fish were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. The major constituents were eucalyptol (26.36 %) and camphor (29.17 %) for rosemary essential oil and eucalyptol (27.08 %), thujone (20.52 %) and camphor (16.99 %) for sage oil. In vitro antibacterial effects of essential oils against A. sobria were detected by agar diffusion assay. The in vitro antibacterial effect of rosemary (20±2.82 mm) and sage (18.5±2.12 mm) essential oils (1000 µl ml-1) were determined to be strong against A. sobria (p˂0.05). The effects of the essential oils on the disease resistance of goldfish were also investigated. Fish (5±0.15 g) were fed with different concentrations (0, 1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) of each essential oil for 45 days. After feeding, the fish were challenged with A. sobria. Dietary administration of sage essential oil (1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) and rosemary oil (3 ml kg-1 ) resulted in a significant reduction in mortality due to A. sobria compared to control fish. Our results suggest that these plant oils could provide an alternative for A. sobria infection control in aquaculture
The secondary bacterial infection caused by WSSV outbreaks impacts shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus’ growth as well as its intestinal microbiota’s composition and function
Get PDFIntestinal microbiota homeostasis is a complex ecosystem and is essential for promoting aquatic animals’ growth. Invading pathogens can cause dynamical composition and structure change in the hosts’ microbiota due to this affecting their functions. WSSV is one of the most common and dangerous shrimp pathogens, which leads to white spot disease with too high mortality. A few studies on shrimp intestinal microbiota mainly focused on the changes during acute infection stage. Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the most cultured shrimp with a decent ability to cope with environmental changes. In the current research, using M. japonicus as a model, we compared the differences of intestinal microbiota between healthy shrimp and the shrimp that survived through the WSSV outbreak. Our study showed that compared to the healthy M. japonicus, the WSSV outbreak disrupted intestinal microbiota structure in the survived shrimp: There was less potential beneficial bacteria and more harmful bacteria. Furthermore, the diversity and total abundance of intestinal microbiota in WSSV-survived shrimp increased significantly. On top of that, a metagenomic analysis by PICRUSt suggested that the changed intestinal microbiota could help the host to combat the secondary bacterial infections caused by WSSV outbreaks by regulating cell growth and death, reducing cell motility, improving energy metabolism, and increasing intestinal enzyme activities regardless the smaller sizes of WSSV-survived shrimp. This could be a result of excessive energy consumption and reduced nutrient-absorbing intestinal microbiota. Our study indicated that shrimp intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in combating against secondary infections and regulating the hosts’ growth post WSSV outbreaks. The eventual goal is to development of more efficient diagnostics and therapeutic strategies
Variation of Oral and Nasal Stops by English and Japanese Learners of Thai
Get PDFA categorical variability constraint-based analysis (Boersma & Hayes 2001) accounts for oral and nasal stop acquisition in three different positions by English and Japanese learners of Thai. Homorganic nasals take place at the intermediate level where two or more surface forms are selected as optimal candidates. Both aspirated and voiced stops also occur, avoiding an unaspirated onset in almost equal frequencies. To account for variation of Thai stops, GLA, a stochastic OT approach is adopted for constraint reassessment rather than standard OT. In the initial state of the grammar, markedness constraints outrank faithfulness constraints for beginners. Markedness and faithfulness constraints overlap for intermediate learners exhibiting variation. At the advanced stage, faithfulness constraints were higher ranked because both English and Japanese learners are able to master Thai oral and nasal stops. The analysis proposed in the paper yields more accurate results than a categorical analysis
