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Population Genetic Analysis of Rainbow Clam Moerella iridescens by Using rDNA
Get PDFTo assess the genetic background of the germplasm resource of rainbow clam Moerella iridescens along China coasts, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of rainbow clam from five geographical populations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea (Lianyungang, Chongming, Cixi, Zhoushan, and Ningde) were analyzed based on rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences. Forty-Seven rDNA haplotypes were identified among 109 rainbow clam individuals of the five populations. Gen4 and Gen21 were the dominant haplotypes, accounting for 49.5% of rDNA whole gene sequences, and shared by the five populations. Six to eight exclusive haplotypes were found in each population. The average haplotype diversity index (HD) of the five populations was 0.8733. The genetic distance among populations ranged from 0.002 to 0.004, and haplotypes from the same population were not clustered in a single clade. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated that the main genetic differentiation mainly occurred within population, and the genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) among five populations was between -0.02836 and 0.01896, which meant that no genetic differentiation among populations occurred. Overall, the five geographical populations showed a high genetic diversity, but no evident genetic structure or genetic differentiation
Dietary bile acids supplementation improves the growth performance with regulation of serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota of growth retarded European eels (Anguilla anguilla) cultured in cement tanks
Get PDFThe present trial was conducted to investigate the effects of bile acids on growth performance, digestive enzymes activities, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota on growth of retarded European eels (Anguilla anguilla) cultured in cement tanks. The trial fish with similar body size (about 140g per fish) cultured in nine cement tanks (fish weight, 681.7±22.7 kg per tank) were randomly divided into three groups and fed diets with bile acids supplementation at a level of 0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The trial period was 15 weeks. Dietary bile acids supplementation improved weight gain rate, feed intake, and activities of protease and lipase in intestine. There were also increases in levels of immunoglobulin and complements as well as activities of alkaline phosphatase (only in 1000 mg/kg bile acids group), acid phosphatase and lysozyme in serum. The levels of blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were decreased by dietary bile acids supplementation. There were no significant differences in growth performance or serum biochemical parameters except the lysozyme activity between two bile acids supplementation groups. Dietary bile acids supplementation could increase richness and decrease diversity of the intestinal microbiota with different enriched bacteria at genus level. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 500 mg/kg bile acids supplementation in the diet of growth retarded European eels cultured in cement tanks could promote growth performance, improve some digestive enzymes activities, and beneficially regulate serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota
Physiological, Biochemical Responses and Apoptosis- Related Genes Expressions of Hypoxia and Re- Oxygenation Stress in an Economically Important Mariculture Fish, the Chinese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
Get PDFThe Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is one of the most important marine aquaculture fish in China. Hypoxia represents a growing threat to L. maculatus in intensive mariculture. Here, effects of hypoxia and re-oxygenation conditions on physiological, biochemical responses and apoptosis-related genes expressions in L. maculatus were investigated. The results showed that the asphyxiation point and critical non-equilibrium point of adult L. maculatus were 0.39 mg/L and 1.17 mg/L dissolved oxygen, respectively. The concentrations of four inorganic ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+) in serum and four red blood cell parameters levels (HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW-CV) were significantly changed in hypoxic and re-oxygenated fish. The concentration of hepatic glycogen was decreased dramatically in re-oxygenated fish compared with control and hypoxic fish, which is contrary to the result of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. Moreover, the activities of certain myocardial enzymes (LDH, CK, CK-MB) were significantly increased in the serum occurred in cardiomyocytes during re-oxygenated condition, speculating that hypoxia/re- oxygenation injury might be occurred in cardiomyocytes. The result of six apoptosis- related genes expressions in heart of L. maculatus showed that pro-apoptotic genes (Cytc, Caspase3, Bax, Stat3) were significantly up-regulated in re-oxygenated condition whereas anti-apoptotic genes were (TET1, SGK1) expressed lower in re-oxygenated condition than that in normal. The experimental results suggested that hypoxia and re-oxygenation had a serious impact on L. maculatus, such as ion balance destroying, innate immune decreasing, oxygen carrying capacity changing, cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Especially, cardiomyocyte injury caused by hypoxia and re-oxygenation after hypoxia is very severely. These findings might be helpful for breeding management and future hypoxia stress study in L. maculatus
Effects of Water Quality, Stocking Density, Water Exchange Frequency, and Food, on Growth and Survival of the Green Mussel, Perna viridis Larvae
Get PDFExperiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for growth and survival of the green mussel, Perna viridis larvae. Effects of various temperatures and salinities, stocking densities, water exchange frequency, and natural food preference of the larvae from D-hinged to pediveliger stage were investigated. The green mussel broodstocks were collected from the natural source, and spawning occurred in captivity. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The results demonstrated that larvae from D-hinged to pediveliger stage had better growth and survival when the temperature was between 29oC and 30oC, and salinity ranging from 30-33ppt. Stocking density from 10- 20 larvae/ml did not affect growth and survival of the larvae. Likewise, frequency of water replacement from daily to every 5 day interval did not influence the growth and survival until the pediveliger stage. During this stage, the larvae preferred a combination of Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans as food in terms of better growth, and either Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans, or their combination in terms of higher survival rate
Surface Processes, Word Minimality and Stress Assignment in Blanga
Get PDFConsidering word minimality and assuming prosodic structure maximalisation, Hayes’ (1995) metrical stress theory predicts that if a syllabic trochee language that does not necessarily distinguish segmental length phonologically shows some evidence of heavy syllables, then a heavy syllable at one edge of the parse constitutes a proper syllabic trochee. At the same time, the author points out that the prediction is difficult to check due to lack of available data. This paper provides supporting evidence from Blanga, a recently documented Austronesian language of the Solomon Islands with no contrastive segmental length and no underlying heavy syllables, in which underlying stress is always penultimate and thus uses the syllabic trochee, a non-quantity-sensitive type of foot, as the minimal metric constituent. However, surface processes generate heavy syllables in all positions and stress on the last syllable if heavy, suggesting that the language counts moras, rather than syllables, for purposes of stress assignment. Applying the principles and constraints postulated by Hayes, and thus confirming their validity, I will reject the moraic trochee hypothesis and show that the underlying stress pattern is preserved at the surface by allowing a heavy syllable to form a trochee by its own as long as it occurs either in parse-final or parse-initial position and it is the only heavy syllable available at the word level
Creating Connections Across Campus: Integrating the ACRL Framework with Discipline Specific Threshold Concepts
Get PDFPresentation SlidesThe Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy outlines six threshold concepts—abstract ideas that students must understand to succeed in a discipline. Threshold concepts are typically tackled in upper level courses in a student’s chosen discipline. Although information literacy is rarely the subject for a semester long course, its threshold concepts transcend and can enhance understanding in every discipline. Interactive activities can help make threshold concepts more concrete and attainable, and embedding these activities in upper level courses creates a critical connection between information literacy and discipline-specific threshold concepts. Examples of interactive activities and additional resources for class development suitable for all disciplines will be discussed, as well as how to adapt these activities from in-person to hybrid or all virtual settings. As professors across campus modify their upper level courses to address today’s situation we have a great opportunity to offer substantive and transformative information literacy classes while forming new or stronger partnerships with faculty and students throughout the university
Gone Virtual: Closed Buildings, Opened Minds
No full textPresentation slidesThe two-month closure of the Hawaiʻi State Public Library System’s 51 branches was a time of uncertainty and stress, but also growth. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged librarians to reconsider public service, and how community and staff connections are made and strengthened. This presentation focuses on one major area of long-term change for HSPLS: the creation of the Virtual Programming Team and its positive impact on how HPSLS staff collaborate, interact and form longstanding professional relationships that benefit the system’s health.
Before the closure, HSPLS staff relied on in-house programming and largely sourced program content from libraries’ immediate communities and staff. The closure changed the traditional programming landscape by forcing HSPLS staff to move communication to virtual forums. Through the Teams’ VPT forum, librarians discovered an easy way to reach outside of their immediate circles, trade ideas and maximize content and output in a way that was not prioritized or necessary in the previous model. This resulted in a strong, innovative and imaginative team with a greater versatility of content. It also resulted in fresh perspectives and stronger bonds between staff.
This presentation will take you behind-the-scenes, starting back in March 2020 when the Virtual Programming Team first convened. We will show you how we created this service area from scratch, often repurposing personal technology and materials in our homes to bring programming to life.
The three presenters represent different areas of public librarianship, on three different islands, and took on three different roles within the team: Danielle as Team Lead, Katherine as Storytime at Home Guru, and Kauʻi as HSPLS Creates Champion. By focusing on our strengths and learning from each other the virtual programming team was able to establish professional relationships and services for our patrons that would not have existed pre-COVID
