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The inhibitory effects of disinfectants against Aeromonas salmonicida at low temperatures
Get PDFAeromonas salmonicida is a fish pathogen that has resulted in significant losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. In the winter of 2018/2019, a serious outbreak of A. salmonicida infection of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) occurred in China. Since C. idella do not feed at low water temperatures, antibiotics cannot be delivered orally, thus the use of disinfectants is the only viable option to control the disease in the winter months. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the inhibitory effects of different disinfectants against A. salmonicida at various temperatures and pH values. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five disinfectants against A. salmonicida at different temperatures. The results showed that A. salmonicida was highly adaptable to temperatures ranging from 8 to 35 °C and pH values from 5 to 9. Moreover, based on the results, benzalkonium bromide (BB) had the strongest inhibitory effect at every temperature. Since A. salmonicida has strong environment adaptability, BB should be chosen to control the disease at low temperatures
Characterization, functional analysis and antibacterial activities of theromacin from the Akoya pearl oyster Pinctada fucata
Get PDFThe Akoya Pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is distributed over the coastal area of South China and is the most popular farming shellfish for seawater pearl production. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could inhibit or kill pathogenic microorganisms. Theromacin has been proven to be an antimicrobial peptide, which plays an essential role in the body's immune system. The AMP gene to be identified was encoding theromacin in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (PoAP). The full-length PoAP cDNA contains 522 bp and consists of a 5’-UTR of 6 bp, an unusually long 3’-UTR of 749 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 375 bp that encodes a 124 amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 13.67 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 9.25. Homology analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the PoAP with other known theromacin sequences by MatGAT software revealed that the PoAP shared 29.0%-46.8% similarity to the other known theromacin sequences. Signal P-N program showed that PoAP contains 33 amino acid signal peptides and a mature peptide located at amino acids 34-124; the mature peptide contains 12 cysteine residues and 13 alkaline amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 13.67 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 9.25. The tempered program suggests that PoAP is a membrane protein with one transmembrane helix between amino acids 13 and 34. The PoAP gene was linked into prokaryotic vector pET-32α, and the PoAP fusion protein with 31 kDa molecular mass was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. Using His-Bind Purification Kit Protocol purifies the antimicrobial peptides recombinant protein and compares the bacteriolysis effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the purified protein. The results show that PoAP proteins had a bacteriolysis effect on the Gram-negative bacteria but on Gram-positive organisms. The antibacterial peptides theromacin seem to play a crucial antibacterial function in the immune responses of pearl oysters
The Origins and Development of the Pacific Islands Scholars Fund
Get PDFThe Pacific Islands Scholars Fund (PISF) was established and funded by contributions from members of the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO) in order to support the increased participation of Pacific Islander scholars in ASAO sessions at the association’s annual meetings. This paper traces the origins of the fund as well as the various accompanying ways that ASAO members, especially the PISF chair and committee members, session organizers, and other participants, have provided additional support and mentorship to encourage and facilitate the incorporation of Pacific Islanders in ASAO sessions
Puka Puka Parade 2021 - Number 12
No full textNoted on cover as a double issue, but with only one issue number. Digital-only addendum and various inserts to the mailed PPP provided as separate files from the main issue
Fish Welfare: the use of CO2 to avoid fish suffering during preparation to processing
Get PDFFish welfare has become a significant concern during the last decade. The issue of slaughter is getting the interest of many consumer organizations and fish growers, and suppliers. We need to take careful consideration to food fish slaughtering, and not only for an ethical reason. Numerous quality traits are in place already at the end of fish life. Nonetheless, other traits can be developed while the post mortem muscles are turning into consumer produce. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate ways to avoid the suffering of the fish before their processing. To improve the efficiency of the immobilizing and stunning process of the fish at the entrance of the fish plant, we investigated the use of CO2 in combination with low temperature. When combining CO2 to 2°C water temperature, fish were stunned and permanently immobilized within 20 min or less, while their core temperature was 3°C. Our results suggest that combining low temperature and bubbling CO2 in the fish receiving tank of the processing plant might be more appropriate for animal welfare. Therefore, we suggest continuing our experiments in the fish processing plant
Evaluation of translocation impacts on genetic patterns in farmed and naturalized populations of Mytilus galloprovincialis along the China coast: clues from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences
Get PDFAs an introduced species, Mytilus galloprovincialis has developed into self-sustaining naturalized populations and has been widely cultivated in northern China. The M. galloprovincialis aquaculture industry wholly depends on the movement of naturalized juveniles onto farms. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the genetic effect of continuous spats’ translocation. This study divided 12 localities of M. galloprovincialis along the China coast into three types of populations—farmed, naturalized adjacent farmed, and isolated—to investigate the genetic variation and differentiation. The genetic variability is reflected by haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and the mean number of pairwise differences expressed as farmed populations > naturalized adjacent farmed populations > isolated populations. The Hierarchical analyses and Mantel-test indicated slight divergence between farmed and naturalized populations, northern and southern populations. The farmed and naturalized populations clustered into two separate categories in the neighbor-joining tree except two anthropogenically intervened localities. The present results suggest that the translocation practice positively affected genetic variability and played a vital role in shaping genetic composition. The information obtained in this study provides new insights into the impacts of the translocation culture model of marine mollusks
Effects of dietary compound acidifiers supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) cultured in cement tanks
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound acidifiers (CAs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) cultured in cement tanks. Six cement tanks with similar fish size and weight (approximately 4 g/fish and 87 kg/tank) were randomly divided into control group and CAs group with three replicates each. The fish of two groups were fed commercial diet and commercial diet supplemented with 4 g/kg CAs, respectively. The trial period was 56 days. The dietary CAs supplementation significantly increased final fish weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed intake (P0.05). Protease activity in intestine was increased significantly by CAs supplementation (P0.05). CAs supplementation significantly increased the villi length and thickness of the intestinal muscular layer (P<0.05). Dietary CAs supplementation increased the richness and the diversity of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, the higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes and the lower relative abundance of Firmicutes were observed in CAs group compared to the control group. At the genus level, dietary CAs supplementation significantly increased the relative abundances of Faecalitalea, Sphingomonas, Sutterella and Mycobacterium (P<0.05). In conclusion, the dietary 4 g/kg CAs supplementation might improve the growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile American eels cultured in cement tanks
2021-2022 Entering Class and Transfers
No full textThis collection comprises the photo guides of the William S. Richardson School of Law Entering Classes from 2021-2022. It is possible to identify the names and faces of individuals who entered into the School. Each photoguide is accessible as a pdf and is text searchable. This collection will be updated as a new photo guide is created and uploaded each year
