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Full text linkHematological profile of red drum <em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em> (Linnaeus, 1766) under natural and commercial feed nutritional conditions
Full text linkThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of natural and commercial feeds on the hematological characteristics of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. At different durations up to 30 days of feeding, blood samples were collected from the caudal vein. Biochemical analyses were conducted, and blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa. The results showed that the number of erythrocytes fluctuated from 2.07 to 6.32 × 10^6^/μL, the percentage of leukocytes was about 0.34 to 4.80%, and platelets ranged from 0.14 to 4.49% compared to the number of erythrocytes. Pearson correlation (r) between the cell morphological parameters, such as the erythrocyte length and width, with the length, width and area of the nuclei of erythrocytes was not greater than 0.30, while in the group of fish consuming natural feed, the correlation coefficient between cell length and width with the area were 0.57 and 0.52 respectively. In both groups of fish, we found many types of morphological disorders of erythrocytes associated with the cell membrane, and disorders associated with the cell nucleus were expressed at a low level. In addition, the study results also provided biochemical data of red drum such as glucose (1.8 – 22.4 mmol/L), urea (0.6 – 1.7 mmol/L), creatinine (12.1 – 43.2 µmol/L), triglyceride (2.5 – 10.7 mmol/L), AST (4.7 – 68.9 U/L), ALT (0.3 – 6.1 U/L) and protein (21.0 – 49.2 g/L). Overall, these findings contribute to understanding the health and physiological responses of red drum, offering valuable data for optimizing feeding strategies in aquaculture
Puka Puka Parade 2025 - Volume 80, Number 03
No full textCover email sent with the born-digital PPP, showing the link to a YouTube video related to the 100th Infantry Battalion, provided as a separate file from the main issue
Analysis of the genetic diversity of different populations of <em>Pinctada maxima</em> from China
No full textThis study aims to analyze the genetic diversity and differences among wild populations of Pinctada maxima, providing a foundational reference for the enhancement and optimization of its germplasm. In this study, we developed SSR primers based on simplified genome sequencing and screened 10 pairs using fluorescent PCR amplification to assess the genetic diversity of wild populations of P. maxima from Danzhou (DZ), Nansha (NS), and Xuwen (XW), China. Additionally, we investigated the genetic richness and the degree of differentiation among the populations. The results indicated that the number of alleles (Na) detected by the 10 SSR primer pairs ranged from 8 to 17 across the three P. maxima populations, with a total of 130 alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.769 to 0.865, with an average of 0.8531. All ten pairs of SSR primers exhibited high levels of polymorphism. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) among the three P. maxima populations ranged from 0.1333 to 1.000, with an average of 0.7884. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.6333 to 0.8755, with an average of 0.7815. The mean values of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indices (F) ranged from -0.032 to 0.058, indicating that all populations were approximately in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with the F values for DZ and XW populations being negative, suggesting a heterozygote deficit. The mean Fst value for the three P. maxima populations was 0.098, and molecular ANOVA revealed that 10% of the genetic differentiation occurred between populations, while 90% arose from individual variation. The average gene flow (Nm) between populations was 2.804, suggesting that genetic drift did not dominate the changes in population genetic structure. Among the three populations, the genetic distance between the DZ and XW populations was the smallest (0.3352), while the NS and DZ populations exhibited the greatest genetic distance (0.6462). UPGMA clustering analysis based on genetic distances revealed that the three P. maxima populations could be divided into two major groups, with the DZ and XW populations clustering independently into one group. Significant genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity were observed among the three P. maxima populations, although heterozygous deletions were present. Therefore, during the breeding process of P. maxima, the genetic diversity of the offspring can be enhanced by introducing these three populations, each with distinct genetic backgrounds from different marine regions and distant phylogenetic affinities, as parent stock
Effects of Aquaculture Substrate on Key Aquaculture Environmental Parameters, Growth Performance, and Physiological Responses in <em>Babylonia areolata</em>
Full text linkTo enhance the aquaculture environment of Babylonia areolata, this study evaluated five substrates—small ceramsite, medium ceramsite, large ceramsite, quartz sand, and river sand (control)—on water quality, growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile B. areolata. Results demonstrated that small ceramsite achieved optimal performance in water quality maintenance, survival rate (92.4 ± 3.1%), and growth rate (specific growth rate: 1.85 ± 0.12%/day). Small ceramsite significantly enhanced lipase (18.7 ± 1.2 U/mg protein) and trypsin (23.4 ± 1.5 U/mg protein) activities in hepatopancreas compared to control (p B. areolata. Small ceramsite outperformed others by improving water quality, enhancing survival, and accelerating growth, while simultaneously boosting digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings suggest small ceramsite as the optimal substrate for B. areolata aquaculture, offering a strategy to optimize rearing conditions, improve economic efficiency, and promote mollusk health
Effects of dietary marine red yeast on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and immunity response of white-spotted conger (<em>Conger myriaster</em>)
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the effects of marine red yeast (MRY) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, immunological indices, and expression of immune-related genes in white-spotted conger (Conger myriaster). Four diets were supplemented with varying levels of MRY (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, designated as MRY0, MRY0.5, MRY1, and MRY1.5, respectively). Fish (average weight, 46.27 g) were divided into 12 net cages, with 3 cages per diet. The fish were fed diets twice daily for 56 days. Results indicated that dietary supplementation of MRY had no significant effects on growth and digestive enzyme activities (P\>0.05). Fish fed diets MRY1 and MRY1.5 had lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) content than the MRY0 and MRY0.5 groups (PPPPHSP70) in the liver than fish fed diets MRY0 and MRY0.5 (PHSP90 in the liver among all groups (P\>0.05). In conclusion, 1%--1.5% MRY could be applied as a feed additive to effectively enhance the immune response of white-spotted conger
Cyclophilin A in <em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>: Molecular characterization and expression analysis in response to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> challenge
No full textCyclophilin A (CypA) is a cell’s primary receptor of Cyclosporin A (CsA). It is essential for biodiversity and plays an important role in the immune system. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank ID: PV256473) of Megalobrama amblycephala CypA was acquired by PCR and RACE technology. The complete cDNA sequence of M. amblycephala CypA is 901 bp. The lengths of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), the 3′ untranslated region, and the open reading frame (ORF) are 77 bp, 329 bp, and 495 bp, respectively. It encodes a total of 164 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point of M. amblycephala CypA is 8.6, and the relative molecular weight is 17.43 KDa. According to homologous sequence retrieval in GenBank, the similarity between CypA amino acid sequence of M. amblycephala and other fish was Cyprinus carpio (94.51%), Ctenopharynodon idellus (92.07%), Carassius gibelio (92.07%), Labeo rohita (92.07%), Danio rerio (91.46%), and Onychostoma macrolepis (91.46%). ESyPred3D predicted that the CypA of M. amblycephala contained 8 β-pleated sheets and double α-helixes, which might form the active central region of CypA. MEGA 5.1 software was used for multiple sequence comparison analysis, and the adjacency method constructed the genetic phylogenetic tree. It was found that the CypA gene of M. amblycephala was clustered into one branch of Cyprinidae fish CypA, and CypA of M. amblycephala was closely related to CypA of Cyprinus carpio. Expressions of CypA in different tissues of M. amblycephala were detected through qPCR; it was found that the expression level of the CypA gene was highest in the head kidney, followed by liver, kidney, and spleen. The M. amblycephala was immersed in Aeromonas hydrophila for infection; it was found that expression levels of CypA in head kidney, liver, gills, and intestines first increased, then decreased in the first 72 h of infection. Specifically, the expression levels reached a peak at 6h in the head kidney, at 12 h in the liver and gills, and at 24h in the intestines. It indicated that the expression of M. amblycephala CypA gene could be significantly induced after A. hydrophila infection—expression levels of CypA in the head kidney peak earlier than in the liver and intestines. Moreover, the relative expression level of CypA in the head kidney at peak (15.02-fold) is significantly higher than that in the liver (6.89-fold), intestines (9.92-fold), and gills (7.42-fold). It is suggested that CypA might play an essential role in the head kidney of M. amblycephala in defense against bacterial infection
Hawaiʻi Aerial Photos 1950-2000 Index Map
No full textCLICK HERE --> Index map to over 7,000 aerial photographs of Hawaii from the 1950s to the 2000s. The 1950-2000 aerial photos set of Hawaiʻi is part of the aerial photos collection at MAGIS, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Library. The primary sources of this set are United States Geological Survey (USGS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Approximately 10,000 aerial prints, dating from 1950-2000, were lost in the 2004 flood, and most were replaced in digital format; 500 additional image files were purchased from NOAA after the flood with Hawaiian Collection funding
