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Insect herbivory and leaf defensive traits in native and non-native populations of an endemic plant in a Macaronesian archipelago
No full textThe spread of island endemic plants to new islands is an emerging topic, yet the mechanisms driving such invasions remain unclear. While herbivory-related explanations are common for widespread species, their relevance to island endemics is uncertain. Enemy release suggests that introduced plants face less herbivory and invest less in defence, unlike at their native sites with specialized herbivores. Conversely, low defences from minimal native herbivory could make them vulnerable to generalist herbivores in new locations. Additionally, abiotic factors—such as soil type or climate—may influence plant traits and herbivore interactions, potentially overriding or complicating expected herbivory-based invasion outcomes. Here we compared in situ levels of insect leaf herbivory and leaf chemical, physical, and nutritional traits for Rumex lunaria across islands of the Canary Archipelago to which this species is endemic. Specifically, we sampled populations found on islands where this species is native (Tenerife, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma, and El Hierro) and compared them to invasive (non-native) populations found on Lanzarote. Contrary to predictions, R. lunaria found on Lanzarote (i. e., non-native populations) exhibited higher levels of herbivory but also higher defensive traits—specifically, thicker leaves and higher concentrations of phenolic compounds—compared to populations on islands where this species is native to. To explore underlying correlates to these patterns, we conducted a follow-up structural equation model testing whether abiotic variation between native and non-native populations contributes to explain differences in leaf traits and herbivory. While non-native populations were associated with distinct abiotic conditions relative to native ones—including higher temperatures, reduced and more seasonal precipitation,
and denser, more alkaline soils—this did not account for observed differences in leaf traits or herbivory between native vs. non-native populations. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the divergence in leaf defences and herbivory between native and non-native R. lunaria populations is not attributable to the abiotic factors analysed.Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturale
La comunidad como ente formativo más allá de los espacios escolares tradicionales en localidades indígenas
No full textLos espacios escolares tradicionales han desempeñado históricamente un papel clave en el desarraigo hacia el territorio, particularmente en las poblaciones indígenas, debido a la escasa contextualización de los programas de estudio, exclusión de la comunidad como ente de socialización de conocimientos y homogeneización de parámetros de vida, incidiendo con ello en la devastación ambiental y cultural global. Este texto ofrece una breve reflexión genérica de
prácticas locales que han permitido la conservación del patrimonio biocultural que aun resguardan las comunidades indígenas y que pueden representar una ventana de oportunidad para que las y los jóvenes, no se desvinculen de sus territorios e incluyan en sus imaginarios de futuro, rutas de bienestar que prioricen la justicia ambiental y social para cada persona en el mundo como
integrantes de una misma comunidad planetaria.Traditional schools have an historically key role in the process of uprooting people of yours lands, especially in the indigenous nations. This happens because the school lessons don’t relate to the community’s way of life, don’t include the community in sharing knowledge, and try to make everyone at the same live parameters. This pedagogical practice results on cultural and ecological devastation. This text talk about in generic reflection how some local practices that have allowed the conservancy of biocultural legacy cared for indigenous nations, and which they can represent an opportunity so that the young people don’t be uprooting of your communities and that include in yours future facing and projects of life, ways of well-being that prioritize the eco and social justice for each person in the world as members of the same planetary community no matter where they live.Área de Historia del Art
González, Helena; Ochoa, Diana y Pérez, Laura (edits.); Edad, género y academia. Mujeres en la universidad. (2024)
No full textReseña bibliográfica.Universidad Pablo de Olavid
Enhancing R-loop prediction with high-throughput sequencing data
No full textProyecto de investigación:
TED2021-131311B-C22R-loops are three-stranded RNA and DNA hybrid structures that often occur in the genome and play important roles in a variety of cellular processes from bacteria to mammals. Sequencing methods profiling R-loops genome-wide have revealed that they can form co-transcriptionally at cell type specific genes and associate with specific chromatin states during cell differentiation and reprogramming. However, current computational methods for the prediction of R-loops rely solely on their DNA sequence properties, which precludes detection across cell types, tissues or developmental stages. Here, we conduct a machine learning approach that allows the prediction of mammalian cell type-specific R-loops using sequence information and high-throughput sequencing signals. Our predictive models are induced from human samples and achieve highly accurate predictions, with transcriptomics, DNA features, chromatin accessibility and the active gene body H3K36me3 epigenomic mark being the most informative datasets. We generate de novo virtual R-loop maps that show high concordance with experimental ones and capture cell type specificity. Our approach compares favorably to sequence-based methods and can be generalized to mouse datasets. Based on this, we generate virtual R-loop maps in 51 mammalian systems that are freely accessible to the scientific community.Departamento de Deporte e Informátic
The contribution of women to the sicilian decorative arts. The XVI and XVIII centuries
No full textIl saggio intende indagare il contributo delle donne nel regno di Sicilia in epoca moderna in relazione al campo delle arti decorative, in qualità di committenti, mecenatici e donatrici. Si tratta di un argomento di cui si possono mettere in evidenza aspetti molteplici anche grazie a recenti studi storici e storico-artistici relativi alle corti e alle dimore nobiliari siciliane, come è noto ben inserite culturalmente a livello internazionale. Al contempo si vuole soprattutto mettere in luce un argomento ancora poco indagato: il ruolo delle donne all’interno delle dinamiche delle varie botteghe nei rapporti con gli uomini di famiglia, maestri e lavoranti, e successivamente anche il loro affermarsi come artiste, soprattutto a partire dalla seconda metà del XVII secolo, per mezzo di specifiche tecniche artistiche, determinate iconografie e precisi contesti sociali.The essay investigates the importance of women in the Kingdom of Sicily in the modern era in relation to the specific field of the decorative arts, as clients, patrons and donors. These aspects can be highlighted also thanks to recent historical and historical-artistic studies relating to the noble courts and palaces well culturally integrated at an international level. At the same time it wants to try to highlight an aspect that is still little investigate: the weight of women within the various workshops in relations to men of their family and subsequently their affirmation as artists, especially starting from the second half of the seventeenth century for means of specific artistic techniques, certain iconography and precise social contexts.Área de Historia del Art
Governance Strategies in a Global Context from a Gender Perspective: Narratives of Migrant Women
No full textProyecto de investigación “Procesos migratorios femeninos internacionales en Andalucía. Desafíos y aportaciones para una gobernanza democrática” financiado con por la convocatoria de Ayudas a Proyectos de I+D+i en el marco del programa operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014 – 2020 (01/07/2021-30/06/2023)In recent decades, migratory processes have experienced growing feminization, with women accounting for about 50% of international migrations. However, they are not always recognized as social actors with the capacity for agency—that is, as subjects in decision making, the formulation of proposals, and transformation both in their lives and in those of the societies in which they participate. This article, from a critical and gender perspective, analyzes the narratives of migrant women interviewed in Spain within the framework of two research projects carried out during the period between 2021 and 2023. Through a qualitative analysis of their resistance strategies and demands, a series of comprehensive policy recommendations are proposed, which are aimed at providing theoretical and practical tools that would allow us to move towards more just and equitable societies.Departamento de Educación y Psicología Socia
Espacio y lugar en los novenarios del siglo XIX a la Virgen de la Paz y Buen Viaje en Antipolo, Filipinas
No full textEn la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, se publicaron y distribuyeron en Filipinas novenarios a Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje en diferentes idiomas regionales. Este trabajo se centrará en estos novenarios del siglo XIX publicados en los siguientes idiomas: español, tagalo, hiligaynon y waray. Entre las oraciones que se encuentran en estos novenarios, este estudio se centrará en la oración final de los libros de oraciones, conocida como “Gozos” o “Capurihan.” Estas oraciones, que también podían cantarse al final de cada novena, estaban escritas con al menos diez versos y narraban los milagros atribuidos por los lugareños a la Virgen de Antipolo. La procedencia más temprana de estas narraciones de milagros en estos libros de oraciones serían los escritos del siglo XVIII del jesuita Pedro Murillo Velarde. La lectura crítica de estos novenarios pretende poner de manifiesto las cosmovisiones locales y la forja de la identidad comunitaria, destacando el papel del lugar y el proceso dinámico de creación de lugares en las Filipinas españolas.In the latter half of the nineteenth century, novenarios to the Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje in different regional languages were published and circulated in the Philippines. This paper examines these nineteenth-century novenarios published in the following languages: Spanish, Tagalog, Hiligaynon, and Waray. Among the prayers found in these novenarios, the study focuses on the closing prayer of the prayerbooks, referred to as the “Gozos” or “Capurihan.” These, which could also be sung at the end of each novena, were composed of at least ten verses and narrated the miracles attributed by the locals to the Our Lady of Antipolo. The provenance of these miracle narratives in prayerbooks can be traced back to the eighteenth-century writings of the Jesuit Pedro Murillo Velarde. A critical reading of these novenarios aims to bring out local worldviews and the forging of community identity, highlighting the role of the locale and the dynamic process of placemaking in the Spanish Philippines.Área de Historia del Art
Autodiegesis and Relationality: Tracing Penelope in Margaret Atwood, Madeline Miller and Natalie Haynes
No full textFirst given literary form in Homer’s Odyssey, Penelope has long embodied the ideal of a prudent, cautious, patient and faithful woman: the perfect wife. However, the incorporation of gender perspectives into literature and classical reception studies has recently contested this characterisation, reinterpreting her story and granting her a more prominent voice—one that is even critical of her own narrative. Three central examples can be found in recent Anglophone fiction: Margaret Atwood’s 'The Penelopiad' (2005), Madeline Miller’s Circe (2018) and Natalie Haynes’ 'A Thousand Ships' (2019). This chapter explores how these retellings present Penelope as a woman who reflects on her own story, both through her recollection and experience of the events of her life and through her relationships with other characters. In doing so, both autodiegesis and relationality emerge as central dimensions of her fulfilment, underlining the possibilities of female agency. Together, these narratives construct a Penelope that challenges the contours of her personal myth and engages with contemporary gender debates.Departamento de Filología y Traducció
Y, sin embargo, se mueve: Conocimiento moderno, política colonial y 'El juicio a Galileo' de Juan Luna
No full textThe Trial of Galileo (n.d., 58.5 x 105 cm, oil on canvas) is one of the works of Filipino painter Juan Luna (1857-1899), currently housed in the Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center at the University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. It depicts the last part of the trial of the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): on his knees, he reads the statement of abjuration, which renounced heliocentrism before the Roman Inquisition at the Convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, Italy, in 1633.
Using Trial of Galileo, this article aims to settle “the relation between what we see and what we know” (Berger). Such attempt to clarify, in this case, is through “locating art in the context of time and space”—therefore, through art history, which “investigates the changes in the language of art, the structures of the art world, the ways of making and appreciating art” (Flores & De la Paz). Due to the lack of clear provenance of the painting, Trial of Galileo can be situated in how the ilustrados (Filipino intelligentsia) received modern science developed in Europe and how this history of science could be used by the Propaganda Movement in advancing political reforms. By linking Trial of Galileo to the scientific knowledge and political movement of the ilustrado propagandists, we can identify the “emancipative effects of scientific knowledge” in the so-called “Filipino Enlightenment” (Mojares).El Juicio a Galileo (s.f., 58,5 x 105 cm, óleo sobre lienzo) es una de las obras del pintor filipino Juan Luna (1857-1899), actualmente conservada en el Museo Jorge B. Vargas y en el Centro de Investigación Filipiniana de la Universidad de Filipinas Diliman, Ciudad Quezón, Filipinas. Representa la última parte del juicio del científico italiano Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): de rodillas, lee la de- claración de abjuración por la que renunciaba al heliocentrismo ante la Inquisición romana en el Convento de Santa Maria sopra Minerva de Roma, Italia, en 1633.
Utilizando el Juicio a Galileo, este artículo pretende zanjar “la relación entre lo que vemos y lo que sabemos” (Berger). Dicho intento de aclaración, en este caso, pasa por “situar el arte en el contexto del tiempo y el espacio,” es decir, por la historia del arte, que “investiga los cambios en el lenguaje del arte, las estructuras del mundo del arte, las formas de hacer y apreciar el arte” (Flores y De la Paz). Debido a la falta de una procedencia clara del cuadro, Juicio a Galileo puede situarse en cómo los ilustrados (la intelligentsia filipina) recibieron la ciencia moderna desarrollada en Europa y cómo esta historia de la ciencia pudo ser utilizada por el Movimiento de Propaganda para impulsar reformas políticas. Al vincular el Juicio a Galileo con el conocimiento científico y el movimiento político de los propagandistas ilustrados, podemos identificar los “efectos emancipadores del conocimiento científico” en la llamada “Ilustración filipina” (Mojares).Área de Historia del Art
A hypervalent metal MOF catalyst as an avenue to go beyond heterogeneous Fenton-like processes for organic contaminant removal in water
No full textThis work was supported by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-126400OB-C31, AquaEnAgri Project) and the European Commission (HORIZON.1.2 – Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions VALZEO Project 101086354). Salvador R. G. Balestra also thanks Consejería de Universidades, Investigación e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía (grant number: POSTDOC_21_00069). We are grateful to C3UPO for providing high performance computing facilities.Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been proposed as a plausible solution to the pressing issue of water scarcity and as a means of remediating contaminated water bodies. In light-assisted water treatment, they have so far only been exploited via the hydroxyl radical route, through Fenton-like processes. A new avenue is introduced here by the biomimetic conceptual design of MOF bearing hypervalent metal atoms for photocatalytic water treatment. We report a zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) material doped with iron (Fe-ZIF-7-III; UPO-4) synthesized via a novel mild treatment to stabilize photoactive hypervalent ferryl ions for the first time in a MOF for water treatment. The successful synthesis of the 2D material and the adequate incorporation of iron into the structure were demonstrated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A simulation study analyzed the structure and stability of the Fe-ZIF-7-III material as well as the involvement of ferryl ions in the photo-Fenton-type process. Furthermore, the calculated band gap of this material shows its viability for use in photocatalysis using sunlight. This was confirmed by evaluating the photodegradation of caffeine, a model pollutant in water, without the assistance of hydroxyl radicals as indicated by a scavenger test. The recyclability test revealed that Fe-ZIF-7-III could be used continuously with effective catalytic activity, thus opening the door to the field of studying hypervalent metal MOFs not yet explored in water treatment.Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímic