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Disparities in adherence to guideline-concordant care and receipt of immunotherapy for Non-Small cell lung cancer in the United States
No full textBACKGROUND: Significant progress has been made in reducing lung cancer mortality in the United States, largely due to decreased smoking rates and advancements in treatment, particularly for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 127,010 deaths in 2023. Disparities persist in lung cancer incidence, screening, and treatment, influenced by factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography. METHODS: This study analyzed NSCLC treatment patterns in 302,744 patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed between 2015-2018, focusing on adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and disparities in immunotherapy receipt. RESULTS: Overall, 62% of patients received guideline-concordant treatment, though this varied significantly by stage, with only 54% of stage IV patients receiving appropriate care. Disparities in guideline adherence were observed, particularly among non-Hispanic Black patients, elderly individuals, and uninsured or Medicaid-covered patients. Additionally, patients at academic institutions and high-volume facilities were more likely to receive concordant treatment, whereas those at community cancer programs and minority-serving hospitals (MSH) had lower adherence rates. Immunotherapy, increasingly recommended since 2017, was also less accessible to non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients, those without private insurance, elderly individuals, and patients receiving treatment at MSH institutions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address persistent disparities in lung cancer treatment, present from individual to institutional levels, in order to ensure equitable access to recommended treatments and advanced therapies like immunotherapy.2026-07-0
Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the nuclear hormone receptor RARγ in human squamous cell carcinoma
No full textVitamin A metabolism and signaling through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs α,β,γ) regulate embryogenesis, immune functions, and cell differentiation in most cell types. RARγ is highly expressed in stratified squamous epithelial cells of the oral cavity and skin. While data indicate that RARγ agonism is anti-tumorigenic in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), the specific, primary gene targets of RARγ remain poorly characterized. Here, we define RARγ signaling pathways through integrating genome-wide RARγ binding by Cleavage under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), chromatin histone marks, and global transcriptomics ± agonists in human OCSCC cells and in human OCSCC cells with deletion of RARG (RARGKO). Notably, transcripts for some genes associated with stratified squamous cell differentiation, including NOTCH1, NOTCH3, and the NOTCH ligands JAG2 and DLL1, were reduced in RARGKO without added ligand. Loss of RARγ binding also reduced expression of a broad group of genes that regulates cell identity and extracellular matrix communication, as well as the retinaldehyde reductase, DHRS3, a crucial retinol homeostasis regulating enzyme. We also discovered targets that were directly repressed by RARγ and thus showed higher expression in RARGKO cells. We identified RARG, PPARG, and RXRA as direct RARγ gene targets, indicating that RARγ could control transcription of other genes via regulation of RXRα, a transcription factor with multiple dimerization partners, in OCSCC. Taken together, RARγ-mediated transcriptional regulation is multi-faceted and context-dependent. The delineation of these key RARγ targets and signaling pathways should allow the development of new therapeutics for OCSCC
Improved health-related quality of life with tirzepatide versus semaglutide in adults with obesity or overweight from the SURMOUNT-5 trial
No full textAIMS: In SURMOUNT-5, tirzepatide led to greater body weight (BW) reduction versus semaglutide in adults with obesity without T2D. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with tirzepatide versus semaglutide in SURMOUNT-5 was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analysis included on-treatment data from participants who received ≥1 dose of tirzepatide or semaglutide at their maximum tolerated dose. Changes in prespecified Short Form-36 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2) norm-based scores for the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), and each domain, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Patient Global Impression of Status for Physical Activity scores were assessed at Week 72. Post hoc analysis of changes in SF-36v2 scores in participants with limited baseline physical function and by BW reduction thresholds was assessed at Week 72. RESULTS: Baseline scores were similar between treatments and among BW reduction categories. At Week 72, PCS scores improved from baseline with both treatments (p 0.05 for both treatment arms). All domain scores improved (p ≤ 0.008), with greater improvements in General Health (GH) with tirzepatide versus semaglutide (5.45 vs. 4.20; p = 0.003). Participants with limited physical function improved in PCS, Physical Functioning (PF), and GH with tirzepatide versus semaglutide (p ≤ 0.025). Higher BW reductions were associated with more improvement in PCS, PF, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain (BP), GH, and Vitality scores with tirzepatide and semaglutide (pooled). CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL improved with tirzepatide and semaglutide, with greater improvement in GH with tirzepatide, especially in participants with limited baseline physical function. Participants who lost the most BW showed the greatest improvements in PF, BP, and GH.2026-11-0
Cost per Opioid-Free Year: A Systematic Review and Summary Analysis
No full textOBJECTIVE: Opioids remain a leading cause of death in the U.S., and time-free from opioid use is a common measure of effectiveness in economic evaluations of opioid use disorder (OUD) interventions. This study reviews the economic evaluation literature on OUD, identify studies that calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) based on time-free from opioids, and establishes a benchmark for comparison in future research. METHODS: The review examined economic evaluations of OUD interventions published in the peer-reviewed literature from inception to September 2024. ICERs of cost per period of opioid-free time were extracted or calculated from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Monetary values were converted to 2024 USD, and ICERs normalized to cost per opioid-free year (OfY). Articles were classified by intervention location (U.S vs. International) and economic perspective. RESULTS: Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 8 from the U.S., 4 from Australia, 1 from Malaysia, and 1 from the United Kingdom. Among the U.S.-based studies, the average ICER per OfY for the healthcare sector, the state policymaker, and the societal perspective were 17,674/OfY, and 79,765/OfY and $195,980/OfY. CONCLUSION: Cost per OfY is a widely used metric in economic evaluations due to its relative importance as a measure of clinical effectiveness. However, a universally accepted benchmark for decision-making does not yet exist. This review aggregates data from existing studies that provided this measure, offering an initial step for establishing a cost-effectiveness threshold for cost per OfY.2026-07-2
Fast Radio Burst Community Newsletter - Volume 6, Issue 10
No full textWe acknowledge support from the Cornell University Library, the National Science Foundation (NSF), the NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) at Northwestern University
A pyrophosphatase that regulates lipid precursors of N-glycosylation.
No full textThe oligosaccharide used for protein N-glycosylation in the ER is built as a glycolipid. A recent study by Li, Suzuki, and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202501239) identifies a long-sought enzyme that hydrolyzes this lipid as part of a possible homeostatic/quality control mechanism.2026-10-1
Wharton, Charles Chuck Benjamin
No full textMemorial Statement for Charles Chuck Benjamin Wharton who died in 2025. The memorial statements contained herein were prepared by the Office of the Dean of the University Faculty of Cornell University to honor its faculty for their service to the university
Sanders, Elizabeth
No full textMemorial Statement for Elizabeth Sanders who died in 2024. The memorial statements contained herein were prepared by the Office of the Dean of the University Faculty of Cornell University to honor its faculty for their service to the university
Ahl, Frederick M.
No full textMemorial Statement for Frederick M. Ahl who died in 2025. The memorial statements contained herein were prepared by the Office of the Dean of the University Faculty of Cornell University to honor its faculty for their service to the university