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Introducción a la traducción jurídica y jurada (inglés-español)
No full textEsta tercera edición de la monografía, ejecutada en loor y memoria de quien impulsó las dos anteriores y la convirtió en una obra de referencia y consulta obligada, el Dr. Emilio Ortega Arjonilla, corrige, revisa, actualiza y aumenta el número de contribuciones presentes en aquellas, conforme a un plan de trabajo articulado en torno a cinco grandes bloques temáticos: el discurso jurídico, el derecho comparado para la traducción, la didáctica de la traducción jurídica, diversos aspectos teórico-prácticos referentes a la traducción jurídica y jurada y, finalmente, la investigación y los recursos disponibles en estos campos y otros afines. Además de conservar varias de las voces existentes en las ediciones primera (1996) y segunda (1997), incorpora otras nuevas, procedentes del ámbito panhispánico de las dos orillas atlánticas, que permiten poner al día, por el procedimiento del cotejo, los enfoques, las propuestas y los planteamientos que, por analogía cesárea o anomalía varroniana, están siendo objeto de estudio y trabajo en dicho ámbito durante este segundo decenio del siglo XXI. Los dieciocho capítulos que la integran se reparten, desde la perspectiva de cómo han sido gestionados, de la forma siguiente: a) un primer grupo que da cabidaa los seis que ya estaban en las dos ediciones antecedentes y que el Dr. Ortega Arjonilla, con prudente criterio, optó por preservar en la tercera; b) otra segunda partida que acoge a las seis de nuevo cuño cuya inclusión él mismo, con una no menor sabiduría, dejó concertadas, comprometidas o ya listas (adviértase que cuatro de ellas componen el quinto bloque temático completo, adjudicado enteramente al ya mencionado campo de la investigación y los recursos); y c) un último conjunto que acopia los seis de nueva confección recién comentadas. Los responsables de prepararla confían en que revalide y corrobore la muy favorable acogida que los lectores le dispensaron en las ediciones primera y segund
Hacia un proceso de ejecución civil más eficiente: alcance de las reformas del RDL 6/2023 en esta materia
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100El presente capítulo examina las modificaciones introducidas por el
Real Decreto-ley 6/2023 en materia de ejecución forzosa en el proceso
civil español. La investigación parte del análisis de la situación
actual de la ejecución en España y compara los cambios producidos con
las reformas procesales previstas en el Proyecto de Ley de Medidas de
Eficiencia Procesal (de 2022), que finalmente no fue aprobado. Se
sigue la siguiente estructura: Sumario: 1. Presentación. 2. Algunos datos recientes sobre la ejecución civil en España: 2.1. Índices de ejecuciones iniciadas y resueltas; 2.2. Duración de los procesos de ejecución y repercusiones. 3. Reformas en la ejecución civil introducidas por el RDL 6/2023: 3.1. Exención de las costas de la ejecución provisional en caso de cumplimiento; 3.2. Control de cláusulas abusivas en los procesos de ejecución; 3.3. Notificaciones y requerimientos en la ejecución; 3.4. Las escasas y puntuales modificaciones en la vía de apremio; 3.5. Cambios formales, corrección de errores y actualización de remisiones. 4. Valoración final
Melatonin improves 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral alterations and neurotrophic factors levels
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100.Objective: This study sought to determine whether melatonin causes changes in neurotrophic factors and it protects against the mycotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in brain tissue.
Methods: Rats were given 3-NP over four consecutive days (20 mg/kg BW), while melatonin was administered over 21 days (1 mg/kg/BW), starting after the last injection of 3-NP.
Results: Rats treated with 3-NP displayed significant changes in neurotrophic factor (BDNF and GDNF) levels, together with alterations in behavior; they also displayed extensive oxidative stress and a massive neuronal damage.
Conclusions: Melatonin improved behavioral alterations, reduced oxidative damage, lowered neurotrophic factor levels and neuronal loss in 3-NP-treated rats. These results suggest that melatonin exerts a neuroprotective action
Optimisation and comparison of several microextraction/methylation methods for determining haloacetic acids in water using gas chromatography
No full textEmbargado hasta 01-01-2100This article presents the different modes and configurations of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME)
through comparison with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for the simultaneous extraction/ methylation of the nine haloacetic acids (HAAs) found in water. This is the first analytical case reported of solvent bar extraction–preconcentration–derivatisation assisted by an ion-pairing transfer for HAAs. In this method, 5 μL of the organic extractant, decane, was confined within a hollowfibre membrane that was placed in a stirred aqueous sample containing the derivatising reagents (dimethylsulphate with a tetrabutylammonium salt). With heating at 45 °C in the HS-SPME method, some organic solvents (extractant, excess of derivatising reagent) are also volatilised and compete with the esters on the fibre (the fibre is damaged and it can be reused only 50−60 times). In addition, the HSSPME method provides inadequate sensitivity (limits of detections between 0.3 and 5 μg/L) to quantify HAAs at the level usually found in drinking waters. Alternative headspace LPME methods for HAAs require heating (45 °C, 25 min) to derivatise and volatilise the esters but, by using solvent bar microextraction (SBME), the extraction/methylation takes place at room temperature without degradation of HAAs to trihalomethanes. Adequate precision (relative standard deviation of approximately 8%), linearity (0.1–500 μg/L) and sensitivity (10 times higher than the HSSPME alternative) indicate that the SBME method can be a candidate for routine determination of HAAs in tap water. Finally, the SBME method was applied for the analysis of HAAs in tap and swimming pool water and the results were compared with those of a previous validated headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
Skeletal muscle findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
No full textEmbargado hasta 01-01-2100Introduction: Skeletal muscle is a target organ in multiple sclerosis, a chronic debilitating disease of
the central nervous system caused by demyelination and axonal deterioration. Since the experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis model reproduces the relapsing-remitting course found in most multiple
sclerosis patients, this model was used to compare the histological features of skeletal muscle at onset
with those observed at the start of the second relapse.
Material and methods: Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes, as well as biochemical
oxidative damage and antioxidant-system markers, were examined in the soleus and extensor digitorum
longus muscles of Dark Agouti rats in which experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis had been
induced by active immunization using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
Results: Histological examination at disease onset revealed ragged-red fibers and ultrastructural evidence
of mitochondrial degeneration. At the second relapse, neurogenic changes included a wide range of
cytoarchitectural lesions, skeletal muscle atrophy and the appearance of intermediate fibers; however,
differences were observed between soleus and extensor digitorum longus lesions. Biochemical tests
disclosed an increase in oxidative stress markers at onset, which was more pronounced at the second
relapse.
Conclusions: Microscopic findings suggest that two patterns can be distinguished at disease onset: an
initial phase characterized by muscle mitochondrial alterations, and a second phase dominated by a
histological muscle pattern of clearly neurogenic origin
How fair can we go in machine learning? Assessing the boundaries of accuracy and fairness
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100Fair machine learning has been focusing on the development of equitable algorithms that address discrimination. Yet, many of these fairness-aware approaches aim to obtain a unique solution to the problem, which leads to a poor understanding of the statistical limits of bias mitigation interventions. In this study, a novel methodology is presented to explore the tradeoff in terms of a Pareto front between accuracy and fairness. To this end, we propose a multiobjective framework that seeks to optimize both measures. The experimental framework is focused on logistiregression and decision tree classifiers since they are well-known by the machine learning community. We conclude experimentally that our method can optimize classifiers by being fairer with a small cost on the classification accuracy. We believe that our contribution will help stakeholders of sociotechnical systems to assess how far they can go being fair and accurate, thus serving in the support of enhanced decision making where machine learning is used
DMPSA and DMPP equally reduce N2O emissions from a maize-ryegrass forage rotation under Atlantic climate conditions
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100The increase of the global demand for dairy products is reflected in a rise of animal feed and forage productivity. In the coastal Atlantic climate conditions of northern Spain the maize-ryegrass rotation is a common management used to satisfy this forage demand. With the aim of mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions associated with fertilization in this type of intensive management, the use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) such as 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) or the isomeric mixture of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid and 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid (DMPSA) could be a useful strategy. Until now, the new NI DMPSA has only been evaluated under Mediterranean conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of DMPSA with respect to DMPP reducing GHG emissions when applied in a maize ryegrass rotation under Atlantic climate conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as ammonium sulphate, with and without both NIs, split into two applications of 80 and 100 kg N ha−1 in the case of maize and in three applications of 80, 60 and 60 kg N ha−1 in the case of ryegrass. An unfertilized control treatment was also included. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured using the closed chamber technique. The new NI DMPSA showed a similar behaviour to DMPP, mitigating N2O emissions down to the levels of the unfertilized soil. The effect of DMPSA reducing N2O losses lasted for the same time as for DMPP (l < four months). CH4 fluxes were not affected by the application of any of both NIs. In terms of yield and quality, DMPSA and DMPP maintained the yield and the forage crude protein content of both maize and ryegrass
New architecture for RFFT calculation
No full textEmbargado hasta 01-01-2100A new architecture for the real-FFT (RFFT) calculation is introduced. This implementation reduces the computation time for the RFFT over other conventional implementations. In addition, the architecture is simple and permits a compact microelectronic design
Notas guiadas y rendimiento académico en alumnado universitario durante la pandemia por el COVID-19
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/210
Chemical and physical parameters of Andalusian honey: classification of Citrus and Eucalyptus honeys by discriminant analysis
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100The characterization of two types of Andalusian unifloral honey (Citrus spp. and Eucalyptus spp.) was carried out on the basis of their physicochemical properties: moisture, hydroximetylfurfural, diastase, pH, free acidity, lactone acidity, electrical conductivity, glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, invertase, glucose-oxidase, water activity and insoluble solids. All the data were statistically tested using analysis of variance, principal factor analysis (PFA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) with the aim of classifying the honeys and identifying the most significant parameters in the classification.
Statistically, it was verified that the variables were different, depending on the type of honey. Of the six main factors obtained with a variance percentage of 78.95, it was the first one (free acidity, water, invertase, total sugars, electrical conductivity and solids) which explained the greater part of the variability (22.9%). The variables with the greatest discriminatory power were water activity and electrical conductivity with discrimination coefficients of −22.367 and 11.739, respectively. The overall proportion of accurately arranged samples was 96.6%