33349 research outputs found
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Primera manifestación del defensor civitatis romano, una institución pública al servicio de la ciudadanía
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100El concepto del defensor y la idea de defensa son inherentes al propio ser
humano desde que existe. Las diferencias en la distribución de las facultades
físicas y espirituales entre las personas conllevan desigualdades, divergencias
y, en consecuencia, pleitos y enfrentamientos en los que los más débiles o
desamparados buscan la intervención de un tercero, con ciertas habilidades,
que actúe en su defensa. En el Derecho Romano ab antiquo los pontífices y
después los jurisconsultos eran consultados sobre fórmulas procesales y negociales
y sobre el alcance de las normas jurídicas, contribuyendo con su labor
interpretativa al perfeccionamiento del derecho. La instrucción organizada
y realizada por los jurisconsultos en las postrimerías del último siglo antes
del cristianismo, fue pública y llegó a ser muy conocida por su extraordinaria
eficienci
La monumentalización en los espacios funerarios en Colonia Patricia Corduba (Ss. I a.C. – II d.C.)
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/210
The systematic study of how subtle forms of bias related to prosocial behavior operate in racial and gender relations
No full textPsychological research and theory have traditionally focused on bias and conflict between separate groups. Our central thesis is that the processes that shape hierarchical group relations within a society are distinctive and typically operate in ways that are frequently subtle rather than blatant. The challenges of detecting new subtle forms of bias are receiving considerable attention in the field of social psychology, internationally. Although explicit hostility toward minority groups seems to have faded in modern societies, cross-cultural data show that the status, resources, and the power of women and ethnic/racial minorities remain unequal. The present literature review integrates the findings of cross-cultural research showing the role of paternalistic legitimizing ideas and behavior for establishing, maintaining, and reinforcing group hierarchy and the disadvantage of members of traditionally underrepresented groups. Specifically, we explain how intergroup helping relations can be used as a mechanism to maintain social advantage in racial and gender relations. These theoretical and experimental insights help illuminate the dynamics of relations between socially linked groups and the nature of contemporary bias. We also highlight how this perspective suggests novel and productive directions for future research
Helping behaviour and subtle discrimination
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100.Whereas research on intergroup relations has traditionally focused on negative intergroup orientations, such as prejudice and discrimination against members of
socially marginalised groups, in this chapter we review how a positive form of behaviour, helping, can contribute to establishing and maintaining the greater status of socially dominant groups compared to marginalised groups. These processes are illustrated primarily through research that examines the responses of White Americans, the socially dominant group in the USA, to Black relative to White Americans, but we also
discuss how these effects project onto hierarchical group relations more generally. In this chapter we next discuss the roles of social categorization, social identity
and social dominance in shaping intergroup orientations. Then we briefly review the differential social forces that affect the expression of these orientations, highlighting
the significant but often overlooked contribution of systematic favouritism in the expression of social bias. After that, we focus on research on intergroup helping
behaviour and its relationship to subtle discrimination. Specifically, we consider the roles of ingroup favouritism, contemporary racism and strategic use of helping
behaviour as a tool for social control. We conclude by identifying theoretical and practical implications of recognizing the role of prosocial behavior in social bias
El aprendizaje de terminología especializada mediante el visionado de productos audiovisuales subtitulados: hábitos y opiniones de los usuarios
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100En los últimos años, la traducción audiovisual está gozando de un importante auge gracias a la creciente demanda de productos audiovisuales extranjeros y que requieren una traducción a la lengua de llegada. El subtitulado es una modalidad cada día más apreciada en el panorama audiovisual y, gracias a la emisión en plataformas digitales de diversos contenidos audiovisuales en versión original subtitulada, el público español está cada vez más habituado al uso de esta. El subtitulado contiene una gran carga de información lingüística y cultural relacionada con la lengua de origen, permitiendo al usuario mejorar su nivel de la lengua extranjera. Esto convierte el subtitulado de documentales con una alta densidad terminológica en una excelente herramienta para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y, más concretamente, para la adquisición de vocabulario especializado en la temática de dicho documental
Anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant-rate infusion of alfaxalone in desflurane-anaesthetised sheep
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100A prospective, randomised, blinded controlled study was performed to determine the anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant-rate infusion (CRI) of alfaxalone in 12 sheep anaesthetised with desflurane, and undergoing experimental orthopaedic surgery. Sheep were sedated with dexmedetomidine (4 μg/kg, intravenously) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg, intravenously). Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone
(1 mg/kg/minute to effect, intravenously) and maintained with desflurane in oxygen and alfaxalone 0.07 mg/kg/minute or saline for 150 minutes (range 150–166 minutes). The anaesthetic induction dose of alfaxalone, the desflurane expiratory fraction required for anaesthetic maintenance, cardiorespiratory measurements and blood-gases were recorded at predetermined intervals. Quality of sedation, anaesthetic induction and recovery were assessed. The alfaxalone induction dose was 1.7 mg/kg (1.2 to 2.6 mg/kg). The desflurane expiratory fraction was lower (22 per cent) in sheep receiving alfaxalone CRI (P=0). Also, heart rate (P=0), cardiac index (P=0.002), stroke index (P=0) and contractility (P=0) were higher, and systemic vascular resistance (P=0.002) was lower. Although respiratory rate tended to be higher with alfaxalone, there was no difference
in PCO2 between the groups. Recovery times were significantly longer in sheep given alfaxalone (25.4 v 9.5 minutes) but recovery quality was similar. Alfaxalone reduced requirements of desflurane and maintained similar cardiorespiratory function, but recovery time was more prolonge
Comparison of the cardiopulmonary parameters after induction of anaesthesia with alphaxalone or etomidate in dogs
No full textEmbargado hasta 01-01-2100Objective: To compare the cardiorespiratory effects and quality of induction of and recovery from anaesthesia following etomidate or alphaxalone-HPCD IV.
Study design: Randomized 'blinded' cross-over study. Twenty-four hours was allowed between phases.
Animals: Eight healthy adult Beagles (four male, four female).
Methods: Dogs were anaesthetized with sevoflurane for instrumentation, then allowed to awake. They then received etomidate (treatment E) or alphaxalone-HPCD (treatment A) intravenously to effect. Heart rate (HR), body temperature, invasive arterial pressures (AP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), stroke volume index, cardiac index (CI), contractility, respiratory rate, central venous pressure, and capnometry were obtained before anaesthetic induction (baseline), 30 seconds and 1 minute after induction, after intubation, one minute after intubation, and for every 5 minutes afterwards until the dog began to swallow and the trachea was extubated. Arterial bloods were taken for analyses before induction, after intubation and every 10 minutes thereafter. The dogs breathed room air. The quality of induction of and recovery from anaesthesia were scored categorically. Statistical analyses used anova for repeated measures, paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank-test as relevant. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The induction doses required were (mean ± SD) 2.91 ± 0.41 mg kg(-1) and 4.15 ± 0.7 mg kg(-1) for treatment E and A respectively. No significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were observed with treatment E. Treatment A resulted in statistically significant increases in HR and CI and reductions of APs and SVRI. Time to extubation was longer with treatment A (25 ± 7 minutes) than with treatment E (17 ± 4 minutes). Dogs became hypoxic with both treatments. The quality of induction and recovery were excellent with treatment A, but significantly less satisfactory with treatment E (recovery score, treatment E median 1, range 0-2; treatment A median 0, range 0-1).
Conclusions and clinical relevance: Alphaxalone-HPCD caused significant tachycardia and increase in CI, and statistically (but not clinically) significant decreases in APs and SVRI. Etomidate caused no statistically significant cardiovascular changes. Quality of recovery was better with alfaxalone-HPCD. Both agents caused short-lived hypoxia, and oxygen supplementation is advisable
The combined use of tigecycline with high-dose colistin might not be associated with higher survival in critically ill patients with bacteraemia due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
No full textEmbargado hasta 01/01/2100Objective: To assess the association of survival and treatment with colistin and tigecycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia.
Methods: An observational cohort study was carried out. Targeted therapy consisted of monotherapy with colistin (9 million UI/day) or combined therapy with colistin and tigecycline (100 g/day). The primary outcome was 30-day crude mortality. The association between combined targeted therapy and mortality was controlled for empirical therapy with colistin, propensity score of combined therapy and other potential confounding variables in a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Results: A total of 118 cases were analysed. Seventy-six patients (64%) received monotherapy and 42 patients (36%) received combined therapy. The source of bacteraemia was primary in 18% (21/118) of the patients, ventilator-associated pneumonia in 64% (76/118) and other sources in 14% (16/118). The 30-day crude mortality rate was 62% (42/76) for monotherapy and 57% (24/42) for combined therapy. The variables associated with 30-day crude mortality were: Charlson index (hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32; p 0.028), empirical therapy with colistin (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.33-3.80; p 0.003) and renal dysfunction before treatment (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.01-3.61; p 0.045). Combined targeted therapy was not associated with lower adjusted 30-day crude mortality (adjusted HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.64-2.58; p 0.494).
Conclusions: Combined targeted therapy with high-dose colistin and standard dose tigecycline was not associated with lower crude mortality of bacteraemia due to carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in critically ill patients
Diagnostic potential of NETosis-derived products for disease activity, atherosclerosis and therapeutic effectiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.
No full textObjectives: 1) To assess the association of NETosis and NETosis-derived products with the activity of the disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in RA; 2) To evaluate the involvement of NETosis on the effects of biologic therapies such as anti-TNF alpha (Infliximab) and anti-IL6R drugs (Tocilizumab).
Methods: One hundred and six RA patients and 40 healthy donors were evaluated for the occurrence of NETosis. Carotid-intimae media thickness was analyzed as early atherosclerosis marker. Inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators were quantified in plasma and neutrophils. Two additional cohorts of 75 RA patients, treated either with Infliximab (n = 55) or Tocilizumab (n = 20) for six months, were evaluated.
Results: NETosis was found increased in RA patients, beside myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase protein levels. Cell-free nucleosomes plasma levels were elevated, and strongly correlated with the activity of the disease and the positivity for autoantibodies, alongside inflammatory and oxidative profiles in plasma and neutrophils. Moreover, ROC analyses showed that cell-free nucleosomes levels could identify RA patients showing early atherosclerosis with high specificity. RA patients treated either with IFX or TCZ for six months exhibited decreased generation of NETs. Concomitantly, clinical parameters and serum markers of inflammation were found reduced. Mechanistic in vitro analyses showed that inhibition of NETs extrusion by either DNase, IFX or TCZ, further abridged the endothelial dysfunction and the activation of immune cells, thus influencing the global activity of the vascular system.
Conclusions: NETosis-derived products may have diagnostic potential for disease activity and atherosclerosis, as well as for the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness in RA