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Residential segregation in medium-sized spanish cities: "extreme neighborhoods" and patterns of socio-spatial differentiation in the urban area of Burgos
No full textTrabajo presentado en el XVII Coloquio de Geografía Urbana / I Coloquio Internacional de Geografía Urbana, realizado del 17 al 21 de junio de 2024 en Valladolid y BurgosEn la presente contribución se analizan los patrones de diferenciación socioespacial en
Burgos, una ciudad media española que articula un área urbana en torno a los 200.000 habitantes. La
investigación se lleva a cabo mediante un análisis clúster sobre 14 variables sociodemográficas y su mapeo
mediante SIG. Mediante esta metodología se identifican conglomerados homogéneos según datos del INE
y del Catastro referidos a renta, paro, estudios, cualificación, población extranjera y vivienda. Se trabaja al
nivel de sección censal y se realiza un diagnóstico sobre los patrones que marcan la configuración de los
“barrios extremos” (más favorecidos y más desfavorecidos). Los resultados muestran el perfil de un área
urbana con alto nivel de renta y alta especialización industrial, en la que la segregación residencial es baja
o muy baja en comparación con el resto de las ciudades españolas, pero en la que en todo caso se aprecian
las huellas de la división social del espacio urbano en virtud de diferentes criterios sociodemográficos. Se
identifican determinados barrios en los dos extremos de la estructura socioresidencial, definiéndose
patrones socioeconómicos muy directamente relacionados con los niveles de renta y su correlación con el
resto de las variables que definen a cada grupo.This contribution analyzes the patterns of socio-spatial differentiation in Burgos, an average
Spanish city that articulates an urban area of around 200,000 inhabitants. The research is carried out by
means of a cluster analysis of 14 sociodemographic variables and their mapping by means of GIS. By
means of this methodology, homogeneous clusters are identified according to INE and Cadastre data on
income, unemployment, studies, qualifications, foreign population and housing. Work is carried out at the
census section level and a diagnosis is made of the patterns that mark the configuration of the "extreme
neighborhoods" (most favored and most disadvantaged). The results show the profile of an urban area with
a high level of income and high industrial specialization, in which residential segregation is low or very low
in comparison with the rest of Spanish cities, but in which, in any case, the traces of the social division of
the urban space can be appreciated by virtue of different socio-demographic criteria. Certain neighborhoods
are identified at the two extremes of the socio-residential structure, defining socioeconomic patterns very
directly related to income levels and their correlation with the rest of the variables that define each group.Los resultados que aquí se presentan forman parte del proyecto de investigación financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) “Segregación socioespacial y Geografías de la vida cotidiana en las ciudades medias españolas y sus áreas urbanas” (PID2021-124511NB-C21)
Television fiction and political memory about terrorism in Spain: the case of ETA
Get PDFDespués de más de cuarenta años de acción armada, en 2011, la banda terrorista ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna/País Vasco y Libertad) puso fin a su lucha por la independencia vasca. El presente estudio aborda el tratamiento de la banda terrorista ETA, en la ficción televisiva. Se parte del supuesto general de que estas producciones colaboran en la construcción de memoria, en la revisión de la historia y la gestión de traumas sociales. Se plantea el estudio de 15 producciones, principalmente dramáticas, en las que se ha identificado una presencia central de ETA en su lucha armada por la independencia del País Vasco. A través de la metodología del close reading se ha realizado un análisis narrativo, atendiendo a tres variables fundamentales: la identificación del protagonista y su relación con la banda; el rol narrativo de la banda; los escenarios en los que se desarrolla la acción. Los resultados señalan como es posible construir una tipología de estas producciones en la que se pone de manifiesto la diversidad de enfoques y tratamientos en torno a la banda.After more than forty years of armed action, in 2011 the terrorist group ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna/Basque Country and Freedom) ended its armed fight for Basque independence. This study focuses on the treatment of the terrorist group ETA in Spanish television fiction. This research is based on the general assumption that television fiction products collaborate in the construction of collective memory, the revision of history and the management of social trauma. Audiovisual memory can be a tool that helps forgiveness and reconciliation processes. This research studies 15 productions, mainly dram, in which ETA and its armed struggle for the independence of the Basque Country has a central presence. Using the close reading methodology, a narrative analysis has been made concerning three main variables: the figure of the protagonist, the narrative role of ETA, and the scenery where the action takes place. The results indicate how it is possible to build a typology of these productions through which different approaches and treatments around the terrorist band are identified
The difficulties of research in the social history of cinema: Alba de América (Orduña, 1951)
No full textEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los problemas a los que se enfrenta una investigación en Historia social del cine a través del estudio de la película Alba de América (Orduña, 1951). El filme, que narra el descubrimiento de América, se considera una de las principales obras de propaganda histórica del régimen. La literatura académica afirma que fue producida como respuesta a la película inglesa Chistopher Columbus (McDonald, 1949) y que en su realización intervinieron importantes figuras como Carrero Blanco. Con el fin de corroborar estas afirmaciones y descubrir las lagunas que existen en torno a la obra, se ha procedido a la consulta de documentación relativa a su producción. Esto ha permitido detectar algunos de los desafíos que todo investigador de esta materia debe afrontar: la asunción de planteamientos considerados históricamente ciertos, pero no confirmados, la divergencia de interés en los descriptores temáticos de los archivos o la dificultad de acceder a determinados fondos. Aunque la investigación está incompleta, ya que no se ha podido acceder a parte de la documentación, la información encontrada ha corroborado la necesidad de un mejor y mayor acceso a los archivos, así como de una mirada más ecuánime sobre la cinematografía franquista.The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems with which research into the social history of cinema must contend by studying the film Alba de América (Dawn of America) (Orduña, 1951). This movie, which narrates the discovery of America, is considered one of the Regime’s leading works of historical propaganda. The academic literature states that it was produced in response to the English film Christopher Columbus(McDonald, 1949) and that important characters such as Carrero Blanco were involved in its production. In order to corroborate these statements and discover omissions existing in terms of the film, we reviewed documentation related to its production. This led to detection of some of the challenges with which all researchers on this topic must grapple: assumption of approaches historically considered to be true, but not confirmed, diverging interests in thematic descriptors of archives, and difficulty in accessing certain collections.Although the research is incomplete, since we were unable to access part of the documentation, the information we found corroborates the need for better and greater access to archives, as well as a more impartial look at Francoist cinematography
Xuexi: aprende chino con nemotecnia (nivel inicial)
No full textXuexi: aprende chino con mnemotecnia (nivel inicial) es una obra que se enfoca en el aprendizaje de chino para todo aquel lector que se quiera acercar a esta lengua. Este libro propone una forma innovadora de enseñanza que se distingue por el uso de mnemotecnia para ayudar al aprendizaje de los aspectos fonológicos, gramaticales y de vocabulario. La asimilación de nuevos sonidos y conceptos se simplifica a través de explicaciones mnemotécnicas que auxilian a la memoria y favorecen la comprensión.Esta obra es parte de los resultados del proyecto 4. X_PC_04 Sistema de enseñanza de chino a invidentes. ACRÓNIMO: “SECI”
Unveiling the capacity of bioaugmentation application, in comparison with biochar and rhamnolipid for TPHs degradation in aged hydrocarbons polluted soil
Get PDFPersistent, aged hydrocarbons in soil hinder remediation, posing a significant environmental threat. While bioremediation offers an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach, its efficacy for complex contaminants relies on enhancing pollutant bioavailability. This study explores the potential of immobilized bacterial consortia combined with biochar and rhamnolipids to accelerate bioremediation of aged total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil. Previous research indicates that biochar and biosurfactants can increase bioremediation rates, while mixed consortia offer sequential degradation and higher hydrocarbon mineralization. The present investigation aimed to assess whether combining these strategies could further enhance degradation in aged, complex soil matrices. The bioaugmentation (BA) with bacterial consortium increased the TPHs degradation in aged soil (over 20% compared to natural attenuation - NA). However, co-application of BA with biochar and rhamnolipid higher did not show a statistically prominent synergistic effect. While biochar application facilitated the maintenance of hydrocarbon degrading bacterial consortium in soil, the present study did not identify a direct influence in TPHs degradation. The biochar application in contaminated soil contributed to TPHs adsorption. Rhamnolipid alone slightly increased the TPHs biodegradation with NA, while the combined bioaugmentation treatment with rhamnolipid and biochar increased the degradation between 27.5 and 29.8%. These findings encourage further exploration of combining bioaugmentation with amendment, like biochar and rhamnolipid, for remediating diverse environmental matrices contaminated with complex and aged hydrocarbons.The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Rocio Barros reports financial support was provided by European Union's Horizon 2020 research (Grant Agreement No. 826312) and innovation program. Sandra Curiel-Alegre reports financial support was provided by Junta de Castilla y León (ORDEN EDU/1508/2020, de 15 de diciembre
Contested Boundaries and Uncharted Entanglements in Evelyn Conlon's Moving About the Place
No full textLa función empresarial en la relación entre crecimiento y pobreza: estudio del caso de la Unión Europea
Get PDFDesde la Revolución Industrial y el inicio del capitalismo, las naciones han experimentado un notable
crecimiento económico, reducción de la pobreza y aumento de la prosperidad gracias, entre otros
factores, a la capacidad del capitalismo para potenciar la función empresarial. Este estudio explora cómo
la función empresarial, amplificada por la libertad económica, influye en el desarrollo económico de las
naciones, enfocándose en los países de la Unión Europea entre 2012 y 2019. Los resultados principales
muestran que los países con políticas alineadas con los principios de la libertad económica presentan
mejores indicadores de crecimiento económico y menores tasas de desempleo. No obstante, el impacto
de la libertad económica en la reducción del riesgo de pobreza es menos significativo.Since the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of capitalism, nations
have experienced unprecedented levels of economic growth, reduced poverty, and maximized the
prosperity of their citizens. This transformation is largely attributed to capitalism's ability to enhance the
potential of entrepreneurship, among other factors. The present study aims to explain how
entrepreneurship, amplified by economic freedom, affects the economic development of nations. The
analysis focuses on European Union member countries from 2012 to 2019. The main findings reveal that
countries with policies aligned with the principles of economic freedom show better results in economic
growth and unemployment rates. However, the impact of the economic freedom on the risk of poverty is
less significant
Estudio de diferentes plantas autóctonas de Ecuador para su aplicación como conservantes naturales en productos alimenticios
No full textEste trabajo buscó determinar el potencial antioxidante y antimicrobiano de tres plantas medicinales nativas de Ecuador (Simira ecuadorensis, Piper carpunya e Ilex guayusa). Se obtuvieron cuatro extractos de cada una de ellas mediante diferentes procesos, denominándose como liofilizado (H2O), atomizado (ATOM), etanol (ETOH) y etanol-agua (ETOH-H2O). Se determinó su perfil volátil (GC-MS), se evaluó su antimicrobiana in vitro (frente a 20 bacterias patógenas y alterantes de alimentos) y aplicados a modelos alimentarios (pollo, pescado y arroz cocido). Se determinó su actividad antioxidante in vitro (fenoles totales, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) y su efecto protector frente a la oxidación lipídica de hamburguesas de cerdo (Tbars). Destacaron las familias de monoterpenos, fenoles volátiles y alcoholes, que contienen compuestos como: 1-8 cineol, piperitona, cimeno, 1-hexanol, safrol, los cuales pueden ser los responsables de la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana. Los extractos de P. carpunya afectaron a ocho de las 20 bacterias, los de S, ecuadorensis a siete e I. guayusa a cinco. El extracto ETOH-H2O de S. ecuadorensis tuvo una notable actividad antimicrobiana en productos de pescado (hamburguesas y caldo), su extracto atomizado también frente a C. jejuni en caldo de pollo y el extracto ETOH-H2O de P. carpunya contra C. perfringens y bacterias psicrófilas en rissotto. La mejor capacidad antioxidante in vitro fue de S. ecuadorensis, seguida de P. carpunya e I. guayusa, las cuales tienen un efecto protector contra la oxidación lipídica en hamburguesas de cerdo durante un período de 14 días de almacenamiento en refrigeración. Estos resultados sugieren el potencial de estos extractos como aditivos naturales para la industria alimentaria.Ecuador, due to its privileged geographical location covering the Andean Mountain range, coastal areas, Amazon rainforest, and islands, has exceptional biodiversity. Additionally, it holds a valuable legacy of ancestral knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants by indigenous communities. Despite this, a large part of this cultural and natural heritage has not been studied or used, which represents a risk since important resources for society and science may be lost. Current scientific research has focused on exploring the potential of certain plants to prevent food deterioration and extend shelf life, opening vast possibilities given the existing species diversity. Furthermore, this coincides with emerging market trends, especially with the clean label concept in food processing, which implies the production of products with natural and recognizable ingredients, in response to the growing demand for healthy and conscious options by of consumers. Therefore, this thesis aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, as well as the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of extracts from three species of plants belonging to the Ecuadorian biodiversity and the Andean countries, using both in vitro methods and tests in food models to better understand its effectiveness and potential application in the food industry. The volatile profile of Simira ecuadorensis (guápala), Piper carpunya (guaviduca), and Ilex guayusa (guayusa) was investigated to identify the volatile compounds present in the plant and understand their potential use in the food industry. Four types of extracts were obtained: two extracted with water, one subsequently freeze-dried (H2O), and one spry-dried (ATOM); one extracted with ethanol (ETOH), and another with ethanol-water (ETOH-H2O). Gas chromatography determined that P. carpunya had the highest number of volatile compounds, followed by S. ecuadorensis and I. guayusa. Terpenes (monoterpenes) were the predominant compounds in all plants
Corn stover biorefinery based on hydrothermal and membrane processes
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: EIFS2024, 3er Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos = Third Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids = 3º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos, 22-24 de julio, Ourense, Spain.Corn stover, a widely available agricultural by-product, stands out for its chemical composition rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. These components make it an ideal candidate for valorization in the context of the circular economy, offering a promising opportunity to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote sustainable practices in the agri-food industry. In this study, various strategies based on green technologies were explored to maximize the potential of corn stover. An integral approach was chosen, focusing on obtaining secondgeneration chemicals, such as furfural and ethanol, through innovative and sustainable processes. First, pressurized green fluids, specifically water under subcritical conditions, were used to hydrolyse the structural components of the biomass. A mild treatment with subcritical water at a temperature of 180 °C and a pressure of 50 bar was carried out for 3 h, allowing the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses present in the biomass and the generation of a celluloseenriched solid. During this process, CrCl 3.6 H2O was used as catalyst, a Lewis acid that facilitates the conversion of the released C5 sugars, xylose and arabinose, into furfural. Furfural production yields of 31 % were achieved under the conditions employed, demonstrating the effectiveness of this strategy for obtaining this compound. Subsequently, the cellulose-enriched solid was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis mediated by Celluclast 1.5 L cocktail, releasing the glucose monomers present in the biomass. The resulting enzymatic hydrolisate was used as a substrate for an alcoholic fermentation catalysed by Ethanol Red®, achieving very attractive values for industrial bioethanol production, with a yield of 91.4%. For the recovery of furfural and ethanol, the pervaporation technique was used as a membrane separation method [1]. A silicone membrane was used to selectively recover furfural and bioethanol. Firstly, the temperature and the bioproduct concentration in the feed as well as the selectivity of the membrane in the presence of other intermediates formed during treatments were optimised. The silicone membrane was selective towards furfural and ethanol with enrichment factors in the range [10.3 – 31.7] and [3.8 – 9.1], respectively. This way, furfural produced by hydrothermal catalytic process was completely recovered in the permeate stream. On the other hand, ethanol obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis + fermentation of the cellulose rich solid phase was recovered with a yield of 60 % (see Figure 1). In summary, this study proves that it is possible to achieve an integral utilisation of corn stover through the production of high-value products such as furfural and ethanol, using green and sustainable technologies. These results not only offer a green and competitive alternative in industrial terms, but also contribute to boosting the circular economy and reducing the environmental impact of the agri-food industry.This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación [grant numbers PID2022-136385OB-I00, TED2021-129311B-I00, PDC2022-133443-I00] and the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU027P23]. A. E. Illera postdoctoral contract was funded by JCyL by BU027P23. R. Melgosa contract was funded by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182. H. Candela Gil contract was funded by TED2021-129311BI00. P. Barea predoctoral contract was funded by JCyL and the European Social Fund (ESF) by ORDEN EDU/1868/2022, de 19 de diciembre