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Changes in Safety Performance on Single-Carriageway Roads After Installation of Additional Lighting at Pedestrian Crossing
No full textPedestrian safety is a critical concern worldwide, as pedestrians account for nearly a quarter of all road crash deaths. In Poland, in the last decade, the number of pedestrians killed in road accidents varied from 25 to 30% of all road accident victims each year. A similar tendency is observed in EU countries, but the average number of pedestrian fatalities is lower and amounts to 20%. Numerous activities have been undertaken to improve the safety of vulnerable road users. Land planning plays a crucial role in enhancing pedestrian safety. Effective land-use planning can mitigate risks by integrating pedestrian-friendly infrastructure into urban design. Numerous measures have been implemented to improve the safety of vulnerable road users, including education campaigns, speed reduction measures, and infrastructure enhancements. One of the latest initiatives involves enhancing the visibility of pedestrian crossings through the installation of additional lighting systems. In order to assess the effects of the undertaken activities, a number of zebra crossings with and without additional luminance were investigated. Crash data gained from police statistics, along with the calculated crash rates (CRs), were utilized to evaluate changes in safety performance at selected crosswalks. For this purpose, a „before–after” method was applied. Importantly, the research results did not show a clear impact of additional lighting on reducing the number of road crashes and they highlight that other factors, including the geometric characteristics of crossings and their location and proximity to land uses generating significant pedestrian traffic, significantly influence crash rates.This research was supported by Project No. WZ/WB-IIL/7/2023, and it was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, grant number GIU21/046, and grant number “the Erasmus+ programme Call 2020-KA1-Staff Mobility for teaching and training activities”; and Viuda de Sainz, S.A., grant number 2022-0300, to develop the project DigiCalm, 5/112/IV/2021/00001, funded by Diputación Foral de Bizkaia
Régimen jurídico de las contraprestaciones de los usuarios del transporte colectivo urbano (TCU)el desplazamiento de las tasas en el contexto de las reformas de la contratación pública
No full textEl transporte colectivo urbano (TCU) se ha convertido en piedra angular del avance en las políticas públicas de movilidad sostenible y los ingresos a través de los usuarios están sufriendo cambios en su régimen jurídico, produciéndose una drástica reducción de las tasas en favor de las prestaciones patrimoniales de carácter público no tributario (PPPNT). El presente trabajo pretende dar luz sobre los recientes cambios normativos y jurisprudenciales que se están produciendo en este servicio esencial
Quiero ser ingenier@ sostenible
No full textComunicación presentada en: I Congreso Internacional de experiencias educativas STEAM 2023, durante los días 12-15 de abril en Burgos (España)Esta ponencia recoge una experiencia STEAM realizada con niños de entre 4 y 10 años en el campo de la ciencia de materiales. Mediante varios talleres se buscó que estos niños aprendiesen la composición del hormigón y lo fabricasen con sus propias manos, familiarizándose con un material de construcción siempre presente en nuestro entorno. A su vez, fabricaron este material con árido sostenible, reduciéndose así el consumo de recursos naturales causado por la explotación de canteras y graveras. Esta actividad permitió a los participantes conocer los materiales de construcción que les rodean y despertar en ellos un espíritu de sostenibilidad.Los talleres realizados forman parte de las actividades de difusión de los proyectos FULLSCALE y REWIND, financiados por el MICIN, AEI, EU, FEDER y NextGenerationEU/PRTR [PID2020-113837RB-I00, ED2021-129715B-I00 y 10.13039/501100011033]
Isoflavone-rich extracts from okara using supercritical fluid extraction: Kinetic modeling and characterization
No full textThe lipid fraction and bioactive compounds from okara, a by-product of soybean processing, have been extracted
by supercritical fluid extraction. The effect of operating parameters, pressure (20–40 MPa), temperature (40–80
ºC), and cosolvent usage (0–10 %wt. ethanol), on the extraction kinetics has been investigated, satisfactorily
correlating the experimental data to the Sovov´
a’s model. Extraction yield by SFE ranged from 0.1014 g extract/g
insoluble solid (IS) at 20 MPa and 80 ºC to 0.1081 g extract/g IS at 30 MPa and 60 ºC (from 9.2 to 9.8 g extract/100 g okara, respectively), similar to Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane (9.2 ± 0.2 g extract/100 g). Pressure
positively affected the initial extraction rate, which also increased with temperature except for the lowest
pressure of 20 MPa, exhibiting a typical cross-over behavior. The use of ethanol as cosolvent promoted the extraction of phenolic compounds and isoflavones, and was less important in the extraction of tocopherols. Extraction yield using ethanol increased up to 0.1100 g extract/g IS at 40 MPa and 40 ºC. As expected, the higher content of bioactive compounds in the sc-CO2 + ethanol extracts positively affected the antioxidant capacity, with the maximum found at 20 MPa, 40 ºC and 10 %wt. ethanol.Financial support from Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ´ (AEI) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ (MICINN) [grant number PID2022–136385OB-I00], from the AEI, MICINN, and NextGener ationEU [grant numbers TED2021–129311B-I00 and PDC2022–133443-I00] and from Junta de Castilla y Leon ´ (JCyL) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU027P23] is gratefully acknowledged. E Díaz de Cerio contract was funded by JCyL and ERDF through project BU050P20. P. Barea contract was funded by JCyL and the European Social Fund (ESF) by Orden EDU/ 1868/2022, de 19 de diciembre; R. Melgosa contract was funded by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]; A.E. Illera contract was funded by JCyL and ERDF through project BU027P23
Hydrogen Gas-Grilling in Meat: Impact on Odor Profile and Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds
No full textThe effect of fuel (hydrogen vs. butane) on the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated for grilled horse meat (very low-fat and low-fat) cooking vertically. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze PAHs and VOCs. An electronic nose was used to evaluate the odor profile. Total high-molecular-weight PAHs ranged from 19.59 to 28.65 µg/kg with butane and from 1.83 to 1.61 µg/kg with hydrogen. Conversely, total low-molecular-weight PAHs went from 184.41 to 286.03 µg/kg with butane and from 36.88 to 41.63 µg/kg with hydrogen. Aldehydes and alkanes were the predominant family in a total of 59 VOCs. Hydrogen gas-grilling reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the generation of VOCs related to lipid oxidation. The odor profile was not modified significantly despite the change of PAHs and VOCs. The findings indicate that hydrogen is a viable alternative to butane for grilling horse meat. Hydrogen gas-grilling may be regarded as a safe cooking procedure of meat from a PAH contamination point and perhaps sustainable environmentally compared to a conventional technique. The present study provides the basis for the use of hydrogen gas in grilled meat
Integration of Engineering Practices into Secondary Science Education: Teacher Experiences, Emotions, and Appraisals
No full textSTEM education is present in most recent curriculum reforms around the world. One of the main novelties of this educational movement is the integration of engineering practices into science education. In the Spanish educational context, this implies an important challenge for science teachers. So, this study analyzes whether secondary science teachers are sufficiently prepared for this purpose, as well as to find out their experiences, emotions, and appraisals in this regard. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 328 secondary science teachers as a representative sample of science teachers in Spain with a confidence level of just over 93%. The reliability of the questionnaire was evidenced by the high degree of internal consistency of the data (α = 0.88). And its validity was determined by means of an exploratory factor analysis. The results reveal that secondary science teachers, in general, have low levels of pedagogical preparation and self-efficacy to integrate engineering practices into science classes, as well as a predominant emotion of insecurity about it. There is also a strong preference among teachers for this to be done in technology subjects. It is concluded that the effective integration of engineering practices into science education is currently a complex challenge that requires ad hoc teacher training plans.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Sevilla/CBUA This study was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Government of Spain) under Grant PID2022-137471NB-I00
Cardiovascular system
No full textInfografía de educación en salud sobre el sistema cardiovascular, dirigido a niños y niñas de diferentes colegios ugandeses del distrito de Wakiso. Está en inglés (idioma oficial del país) y forma parte de un proyecto Aprendizaje Servicio del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Burgos
Advancing free tlegal aid in the EU: A critical analysis of Directive 2016/1919
No full textLa Directiva 2016/1919 regula la asistencia jurídica gratuita en procesos penales, buscando una armonización mínima en los Estados Miembros. El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer, casi 8 años después de su promulgación, una concisa aproximación a este instrumento europeo y, consecuentemente, abordar dos cuestiones controvertidas: su eventual aplicabilidad en el ámbito de las personas jurídicas, así como la carencia de disposiciones referentes a criterios mínimos de honorarios, en aras de asegurar un auténtico derecho de calidad.The Directive 2016/1919 regulates legal aid in criminal proceedings, aiming for minimal harmonization across Member States. This present work seeks to provide, nearly 8 years after its enactment, a concise overview of this European instrument and subsequently address two contentious issues: its potential applicability in the realm of legal entities, as well as the absence of provisions regarding minimum fee criteria, in order to ensure a genuine right to quality
