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Validation of the Spanish Version of the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk Scale (NGAR) in Nonclinical Settings
No full textAim: To validate the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) in Spanish for an early detection identification of the risk of suicide.
Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used for this work through face-to-face clinical interviews with each participant.
Method: Following EQUATOR TRIPOD checklist, the index was translated and administered to a sample of 30 mental health experts and 151 university students. To examine the psychometric properties of the NGASR, the questionnaires also included other standardised scales such as BDI, SBQ and SEEQ. The research was conducted between 2022 and 2023.
Results: The content validity index-scale (CVI-S) was 81% and the NGASR presented high reliability with a Kuder–Richardson coefficient of 0.83. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) returned a six-factor structure for the NGASR items. The results showed that 21.7% of the students assessed had an intermediate to very high suicide risk. This study also revealed that people with mental health problems and depression had a higher risk of suicide.
Public Contribution: Beyond the sociolinguistic Spanish validation of the scale, it should be noted that it is carried out on a young population in a nonclinical environment, something that many authors have been requesting in their previous validations. The NGASR is a useful prevention tool in university educational settings
Next Generation Risk Assessment approaches for advanced nanomaterials: Current status and future perspectives
No full textThis manuscript discusses the challenges of applying New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for safe by design and regulatory risk assessment of advanced nanomaterials (AdNMs). The authors propose a framework for Next Generation Risk Assessment of AdNMs involving NAMs that is aligned to the conventional risk assessment paradigm. This framework is exposure-driven, endpoint-specific, makes best use of pre-existing information, and can be implemented in tiers of increasing specificity and complexity of the adopted NAMs. The tiered structure of the approach, which effectively combines the use of existing data with targeted testing will allow safety to be assessed cost-effectively and as far as possible with even more limited use of vertebrates. The regulatory readiness of state-of-the-art emerging NAMs is assessed in terms of Transparency, Reliability, Accessibility, Applicability, Relevance and Completeness, and their appropriateness for AdNMs is discussed in relation to each step of the risk assessment paradigm along with providing perspectives for future developments in the respective scientific and regulatory areas.This work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreements 952924 (SUNSHINE project), 953183 (HARMLESS project) and 953152 (DIAGONAL project), and by the European Union's Horizon Europe Programme under grant agreements 101092901 (POTENTIAL project) and 101137324 (SUNRISE project)
The Ethics of Care in Sally Rooney's Novels: Between Self and Other
No full textSally Rooney's three novels, Conversations with Friends (2017), Normal People (2018), and Beautiful World, Where Are You (2021), count among the so-called ‘crisis-era’ novels. All relate paradigmatic examples of forced upheaval in the lives of young adults facing the realities of post–Celtic Tiger Ireland. Her fiction delves into complex friendship–love–sex relationships and she scrutinises the emotions of her young characters, who are invariably overwhelmed by dissatisfaction, distress and pain. Considering the self as fundamental to the neoliberal form of subjectivity, Rooney's aesthetics and style are explored in this chapter. Drawing on theories of neoliberal culture and affect, the various expressions of caring for the other and the soothing of tension and conflict are pinpointed in her novels. Finally, the ethics of care are assessed in Rooney's production and the way in which that behaviour epitomises the precarious balance between self and other in recessionary Ireland
Harmonic measurement and analysis system for characterization of adjustable speed drives
No full textVariable speed drives, commonly employed for motor speed control, incorporate electronic converters that emit harmonics to both the power grid and the motor-load system. These harmonics can have adverse effects on the motors, necessitating the experimental measurement of their diverse and unpredictable harmonic content. To perform these measurements on the input side of the drives or power grid, commercial quality analyzers are available, but they are not prepared to perform these measurements on the motor-load or output side of the drive. The outputs of the drives generate a significant harmonic and interharmonic content across a wide range of low and high frequencies, coupled with variable fundamental frequencies. Consequently, the development of a specialized measurement system tailored to these signal characteristics becomes imperative. This paper presents a harmonic measurement and analysis system specifically designed for frequency inverter’s output signals, which adheres to international standards that standardize measurements and includes new features to evaluate converter signals not available in commercial meters. By utilizing this system, frequency groupings and distortion rates are obtained to comprehensively analyze the power quality of commercial drives under realistic operating conditions, thus enabling the early detection of potential failures and the implementation of preventive measures
PLS class modelling using error correction output code matrices, entropy and NIR spectroscopy to detect deficiencies in pastry doughs
No full textBiscuits are a highly demanded product worldwide. Its success makes their manufacture process a challenging task, needing new strategies to maintain the high production levels and a high-quality standard. This is determined by two key processes: the kneading and the rolling. This manuscript aims to reflect the improvements that the application of a novel soft multiclass compliant classification method (PLS2-CM) entails regarding the traditional chemometric class modelling. With this new approach, the intention is to detect possible deficiencies in biscuit doughs (excess of water, lack of water or little kneading time) during both industrial processes by using NIR spectroscopy.
In PLS2-CM, the coding of the classes is done using an Error Correcting Code Matrix (ECOC), which implies to employ several binary learners so that their number and structure are not predetermined beforehand but are function of the data set to be modelled. The optimization criterion in PLS2-CM is the sensitivity and specificity matrix evaluated by the Diagonal Modified Confusion Entropy (DMCEN), a new index inspired by the Shannon's entropy that is more sensitive to changes in the elements of that matrix than the usual total efficiency. The results obtained according to this index are better with this new soft classification method than the ones obtained when using other soft class modelling techniques such as soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) or unequal dispersed classes (UNEQ).
In this work it is shown that it is possible to completely distinguish a correct kneaded dough from another defective one with a specificity equal to 1 during the kneading process, but the class corresponding with water deficit dough, accepts a very high percentage (80 % in training and 92 % in prediction) of the excess-water dough spectra. Despite that, after the fermentation and during the rolling process, the same doughs are modelled with complete sensitivity and specificity in prediction (100 %), which indicates that the physico-chemical changes produced during the fermentation are decisive to characterize the absence of defects in biscuit doughs kneading by NIR spectroscopy.This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo under Project PHOTONICS4BAKERY (AEI-010500-2021b-111) Junta Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación under Project BU052P20 cofinanced with Regional European Funds
Casimir Energy through Transfer Operators for Sine-Gordon Backgrounds
No full textThe quantum vacuum interaction energy between a pair of semitransparent two-dimensional plates represented by Dirac delta potentials and its first derivative, embedded in the topological background of a sine-Gordon kink, is studied through an extension of the TGTG-formula (developped by O. Kenneth and I. Klich in the scattering approach). Quantum vacuum oscillations around the sine-Gordon kink solutions are interpreted as a quantum scalar field theory in the spacetime of a domain wall. Moreover, the relation between the phase shift and the density of states (the well-known Dashen–Hasslacher–Neveu or DHN formula) is also exploited to characterize the quantum vacuum energy
Doubly special relativity as a nonlocal quantum field theory
No full textIn this work, we explore the quantum theories of the free massive scalar, the massive fermionic, and the electromagnetic fields in a doubly special relativity scenario. This construction is based on a geometrical interpretation of the kinematics of this kind of theory. In order to describe the modified actions, we find that a higher (indeed infinite) derivative field theory is needed, from which the deformed kinematics can be read. From our construction, we are able to restrict the possible models of doubly special relativity to those that preserve linear Lorentz invariance. We quantize the theories and also obtain a deformed version of the Maxwell equations. We analyze the electromagnetic vector potential for both an electric pointlike source and magnetic dipole. We observe that the electric and magnetic fields do not diverge at the origin for some models described with an anti–de Sitter momentum space, but they do for a de Sitter space in both problems.This research is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN, as well as by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León, Spain), with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU through the Quantum Communications in Castilla y León (QCAYLE) project (PRTRC17.I1). J. J. R. is funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) through Grant No. PID2019– 106802GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
Magnetic micro-archaeology: a method for conducting rock magnetic microfacies analysis on archaeological soil micromorphology samples, with a case study from El Salt, Alcoy, Spain
No full textFor geoarchaeologists the use of multiproxy and multimethod integrative approaches has become common for studying the sedimentary context of archaeological materials. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that combines rock magnetic analysis with micromorphological analysis. We first conduct a brief examination of the magnetic properties of organic resins used in micromorphology to understand the potential impact of the resin and manufacturing process on the magnetic signature. It is crucial to understand the original production of the samples to ensure that endothermic reactions do not compromise the magnetic data. We illustrate the advantages of this approach through a case study of a pit hearth from the Neanderthal archaeological site of El Salt in Alcoi, Spain. This study utilises archived micromorphological samples of a pit hearth (combustion structure H77) initially described by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020). Rock magnetic analysis of multiple magnetic parameters—including magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization, and progressive isothermal remanent magnetization—reveals that each microfacies type exhibits a unique magnetic pattern, even if there is overlapping in signatures across some magnetic parameters. The interpretation of the magnetic data aligns with the results and microfacies descriptions previously provided by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020), further supporting the interpretation of the combustion feature as being in situ with a history of repeated use. The approach presented here offers an enhanced tool for micromorphologists to better understand the magnetic characteristics of microfacies units in higher resolution and establish direct connections to the micromorphological results.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Municipality of Alcoy, Spanish Government project HAR2015-68321-P (MINECO FEDER/UE), and a Spanish Government FPI predoctoral grant to A.D. A.C acknowledges the project PID2019105796GB-I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Junta de Castilla y León (project BU037P23) and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF)
Hormigón sostenible con altos porcentajes de triturado de pala de aerogenerador
No full textTrabajo presentado en: IX Jornadas de doctorandos de la Universidad de Burgos, celebrado los días 20 y 21 de mayo 2024, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosUna gran cantidad de aerogeneradores tendrán que ser desmantelados y
reemplazados en un corto periodo de tiempo, debido a que se están acercando
al final de su vida útil. Estos aerogeneradores, en especial sus palas, tendrán
que ser reciclados, para evitar los importantes problemas medioambientales
que conlleva su transporte a vertedero. Sin embargo, los métodos actuales de
reciclaje se postulan como altamente demandantes, tanto económica como
medioambientalmente. Por lo tanto, en la presente investigación se estudia
la idoneidad de añadir al hormigón triturado de las palas de aerogenerador
(TPA), para así poder favorecer la sostenibilidad de los parques eólicos españoles, a la vez que emplear este residuo para fabricar hormigón reforzado
con fibras (HRF) con menor contaminación asociada, pero manteniendo sus
características mecánicas. Debido al gran número de palas de aerogenerador
que hay que reciclar, se propone la incorporación del TPA en altos porcentajes
(0%, 5% y 10% en volumen como adición al cemento de la mezcla) en el hormigón, favoreciendo así su reciclaje continuo. Los resultados de la presente
investigación resaltaron la necesidad de ajustar la cantidad de agua y plastificantes para asegurar una correcta trabajabilidad en fresco de las mezclas, lo
cual se pudo observar en el descenso de la densidad en fresco de la mezcla y el
aumento del contenido de aire ocluido a medida que aumentó el porcentaje de
TPA. Sin embargo, de cara al comportamiento a compresión de las mezclas,
los resultados de los ensayos realizados a 7 y 28 días permitieron dilucidar la
sobrada capacidad mecánica de todas las mezclas para su uso estructural. Por
lo tanto, la campaña experimental de la presente investigación dejó ver que se
pueden incorporar altos porcentajes de TPA al hormigón, manteniendo las características necesarias tanto en estado fresco como endurecido para su uso en
cualquier aplicación posible, siendo así una solución real, aplicable y efectiva para los problemas de sostenibilidad del sector tanto de la construcción y del
hormigón como del sector eólico y del reciclaje.This research work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU, ERDF and NextGenerationEU/PRTR [grant numbers PID2023-146642OB-I00; 719 10.13039/501100011033; TED2021-129715 B–I00]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant number UIC-231; BU033P23]
El régimen jurídico de la frontera exterior de la unión europea: análisis desde la perspectiva de la gestión, el acceso y el retorno
No full textLa gestión de las fronteras exteriores y la política común de visados de la Unión Europea han sido fundamentales desde la creación del espacio Schengen, que suprimió las fronteras internas entre los Estados miembros, facilitando así la libre circulación de personas. No obstante, esta libertad de movimiento ha requerido un fortalecimiento del control sobre las fronteras exteriores, ya que cualquier persona que accede al espacio Schengen a través de estas fronteras obtiene libre acceso a todo el territorio de la UE. Para gestionar este aspecto, la Unión Europea ha desarrollado un conjunto de políticas y ha creado agencias especializadas, como Frontex, encargada de la coordinación operativa en las fronteras, y eu-LISA, responsable de la gestión de sistemas tecnológicos esenciales para el control fronterizo, tales como el Sistema de Información de Schengen (SIS) y el Sistema de Entradas y Salidas (SES). Estas herramientas permiten registrar los movimientos de entrada y salida del territorio de la UE y constituyen un componente esencial en la gestión integrada de las fronteras. El principal desafío ha sido equilibrar la libertad de circulación dentro del espacio Schengen con la seguridad interna de los Estados miembros, especialmente en contextos de crisis, como la crisis migratoria de 2015 o la pandemia de COVID-19, que han puesto a prueba los sistemas fronterizos. Las divergencias entre los Estados miembros sobre cómo afrontar estos problemas han generado tensiones que han debilitado la solidaridad europea en esta materia. En el ámbito de la política de visados, que regula el acceso al territorio de la UE desde terceros países, se observa que, aunque está armonizada para garantizar controles uniformes en todo el espacio Schengen, persisten dificultades significativas. La gestión de los visados se realiza principalmente a través de los consulados de los Estados miembros, siguiendo un marco normativo común, el Código de visados. Además, la UE ha firmado acuerdos de exención de visados con terceros países, facilitando así la movilidad para los ciudadanos de ambas regiones. No obstante, la implementación de acuerdos de retorno y readmisión ha demostrado ser especialmente problemática debido a las diferencias en su aplicación, lo que ha minado la eficacia de estas políticas basadas en el principio de reciprocidad. A lo largo de esta investigación, se ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de una mayor diferenciación en la gestión de los intereses que confluyen en las fronteras exteriores, proponiendo la separación de las políticas de inmigración y asilo de la gestión de fronteras exteriores. De este modo, la política de gestión de fronteras debería centrarse exclusivamente en garantizar la seguridad, mientras que la inmigración y el asilo deberían gestionarse mediante marcos normativos más específicos y amplios, de naturaleza ad personam. Asimismo, se subraya la importancia de seguir potenciando el papel de agencias como Frontex y eu-LISA en la coordinación transnacional, para garantizar una mayor efectividad en la cooperación entre los Estados miembros frente a los retos migratorios y de seguridad. Las tecnologías emergentes, como la inteligencia artificial y la autorización ETIAS, ofrecen un gran potencial para optimizar la gestión fronteriza, aunque también presentan retos de carácter ético que deben ser abordados de manera integral. La gestión de las fronteras exteriores de la UE debe encontrar un equilibrio adecuado entre las exigencias de seguridad y el respeto a los derechos humanos. Esto requiere un fortalecimiento de la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el funcionamiento de las agencias intervinientes, como Frontex, con el objetivo de mejorar la relación con los ciudadanos y garantizar un marco que respete los principios fundamentales de la UE. Aunque persisten desafíos importantes, la UE avanza permanentemente hacia una integración más coherente y eficaz de sus políticas de gestión fronteriza y visados