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La experimentación en la educación STEAM integrada: aproximación a la fundamentación teórica y diseño de una Secuencia de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje piloto
No full textDesde la aparición de la educación integrada, el enfoque STEAM se ha expandido
a nivel internacional en los últimos años. Este enfoque implica el uso de diferentes
metodologías activas, entre las que se debe añadir la metodología de la
experimentación. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se comienza a diferenciar entre
experimentación disciplinar y experimentación integrada. Así, los objetivos de esta
investigación son: plantear un encuadre teórico sobre las características de la
experimentación STEAM integrada y desarrollar una Secuencia de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje (SEA) STEAM piloto desde la metodología de la experimentación. Tras
la exposición de la naturaleza de cada una de las disciplinas que conforman este
enfoque (Ciencias, Tecnología, Ingeniería, Artes y Matemáticas), se extraen
algunas características competenciales para la fundamentación de una
experimentación STEAM integrada, junto a las que se ofrece un conjunto de pautas
para el desarrollo de SEAs. Por último, se presenta una SEA STEAM piloto
adaptable a diferentes niveles. Este trabajo asienta las primeras bases para la
planificación de SEAs que permitan el desarrollo de competencias experimentales
STEAM. También contribuye a definir con mayor precisión la naturaleza de STEAM.
Como futuras líneas de investigación se plantea la ampliación de los referenciales
teóricos, la discusión de la viabilidad de las características competenciales para la
experimentación STEAM integrada, la afinación de las características de esta
metodología; y la evaluación de la implementación de SEAs.Since the appearance of integrated education, the STEAM approach has expanded
internationally in recent years. This approach involves the use of different active
methodologies, among which the hands-on methodology must be added. However,
in this work we begin to differentiate between disciplinary experimentation and
integrated experimentation. Thus, the objectives of this research are to propose a
theoretical framework on the characteristics of integrated STEAM experimentation
and to develop a pilot STEAM Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) from the
methodology of experimentation. After exposing the nature of each of the disciplines
that make up this approach (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and
Mathematics), some competency characteristics are extracted for the foundation of
an integrated STEAM experimentation, along with which a set of guidelines is
offered for the development of TLSs. Finally, a pilot TLS STEAM adaptable to
diverse levels is presented. This work lays the first foundations for the planning of
TLSs that allow the development of experimental STEAM skills. It also helps to
define more precisely the nature of STEAM. As future lines of research are proposed
the expansion of theoretical references, the discussion of the feasibility of
competency characteristics for integrated STEAM experimentation, the refinement
the characteristics of this methodology and the evaluation of the implementation of
TLSs
Table A1. Protocol for monitoring the use of metacognitive strategies during group collaborative interaction (POMSCI) (Sáiz-Manzanares, 2024) (teaching year first year of the COVID 19 pandemic vs. second year), covariate (type of degree) on satisfaction and learning responses into the of Journal Comunicar" ISSN:1134-3478
No full textThe study of the use of metacognitive strategies during learning interaction in collaborative groups is considered referential for understanding the development of such strategies. The use of metacognitive strategies is related to better learning outcomes. We monitored the interaction in five collaborative groups at three points in time (initial, intermediate and final). These groups consisted of undergraduate health science (n = 9) and biomedical engineering students (n = 10). The aims were: 1) To check whether there were significant differences in the use of metacognitive strategies between the groups of students monitored depending on the type of degree or the point in time measurement. 2) To test whether there were significant differences in students' learning outcomes depending on whether or not they had participated in the interaction moni-toring during collaborative interaction. Test clustering without a pre-assignment variable against learning outcomes in collaborative groups. Significant differences were detected in the use of some of the metacognitive strategies of orientation, planning and elaboration in favour of the col-laborative groups of Biomedical Engineering students. Also, students who participated in moni-toring collaborative group in both clusters obtained better learning outcomes. Lastly, the assign-ment groups are exactly related to the collaboration groups with respect to the use of metacogni-tive strategies in the final measurement.This research was part of the project “Voice assistants and artificial intelligence in Moodle: a path to a smart university” -SmartLearnUni-. Project number: PID2020-117111RB-I00, funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades. Gobierno de España
Improving the adhesion of satin XPS to sandstone with customized polyurethane adhesives for sustainable facade cladding and thermal insulation
No full textSix PU adhesives were synthesised with two different polyols (PPG and PEG based) of three molecular weights, namely 400, 1000 and 2000 g mol−1, and MDI, to prepare sandstone-XPS isolating façade panels. The chemical structure, thermal properties, and adhesion properties in the preparation of the panels were evaluated. Both sandstone and XPS are commonly used materials in construction due to their excellent insulating properties, durability, flexibility, water resistance, and aesthetic appeal, making them environmentally attractive. The industry trend is towards using sanded XPS in these panels, as better adhesion is achieved with typical adhesives compared to satin or unsanded XPS. However, this entails waste generation from sanding, a higher panel price and a difference in adhesive consumption from 309 g m−2 to 684 g m−2 for unsanded (or satin) and sanded XPS, respectively. In this study, all prepared panels exhibit good adhesion properties, even those made with satin XPS. Panels prepared from PPG-based adhesives show better adhesion performance than those made from PEG, reaching 0.52 ± 0.07 N mm−2 with the 1000 g mol−1 PPG polyol-based adhesive. These highest adhesion properties are due to the optimal balance of flexible and rigid segments in the polymer material structure. The adhesive maintains its high performance even after harsh temperature and humidity conditions. After accelerated ageing with heat, cold and water, the probes retain between 65 and 71 % of the original tensile strength (0.34 ± 0.03, 0.35 ± 0.07 and 0.37 ± 0.01 N mm−2, respectively). This finding suggests an interesting starting point for cost savings associated with sanding and reduction in XPS waste generation, making them economically and environmentally appealing.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by all funders. This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR. Author Saul Vallejos received grant BG22/00086 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades. Author Álvaro Miguel's work was facilitated by the Margarita Salas grant ( CA1/RSUE/2021–00409 ), funded by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The financial support provided by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF) and Regional Government of Castilla y León -Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León- ( BU025P23 ) is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the funding provided by Grant PID2020-113264RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”
Explorando la coherencia de caché en arquitecturas multiprocesador
No full textEste podcast explora el fascinante mundo de las arquitecturas multiprocesador, centrándose en el desafío crucial de la coherencia de caché. Acompáñanos mientras desentrañamos los entresijos de los sistemas de memoria compartida, desde los modelos UMA y NUMA hasta los protocolos de coherencia como MSI, MESI y MOESI. Descubriremos cómo estos protocolos inteligentes mantienen la consistencia de los datos en un entorno donde múltiples procesadores compiten por recursos. Analizaremos las complejidades de la propagación de escritura, la serialización y los desafíos que plantean la migración de procesos y las operaciones de entrada/salida. A través de ejemplos y análisis, comprenderemos cómo la coherencia de caché impacta directamente en el rendimiento y la estabilidad de los sistemas multiprocesador, impulsando la innovación en áreas como la computación de alto rendimiento y los servidores
Descifrando la supercomputación: un viaje a través de arquitecturas comerciales
No full textEste podcast explora el fascinante mundo de las supercomputadoras, desmitificando sus complejas arquitecturas. A través de análisis de casos de estudio como AlphaServer, Blue Gene/Q, Cray T3E, Roadrunner y Frontier, comprenderemos las diferentes estrategias empleadas para alcanzar un rendimiento extremo, desde multiprocesadores simétricos (SMP) hasta arquitecturas masivamente paralelas (MPP) y clusters. Descubriremos los entresijos de la interconexión, la gestión de la memoria y los desafíos del control de la congestión en estos sistemas de alto rendimiento
El estatuto procesal del investigado en la Unión Europea y su aplicación en procedimientos administrativos: análisis a la luz de la jurisprudencia del TJUE
No full textEl presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la posibilidad de aplicar las garantías
procesales propias del proceso penal y reguladas por el legislador europeo a procedimientos
administrativo-sancionadores. Tras un breve estudio de la conformación en la Unión Europea del
estatuto procesal del investigado, se abordará la jurisprudencia del TEDH y del TJUE
concerniente a la consideración del “proceso penal” como un concepto amplio en el que tienen
cabida ciertos procedimientos administrativos. Con ello, se defenderá la necesidad de que en
estos últimos, en cuanto que manifestación del ius puniendi de los poderes públicos, se respeten
las garantías inherentes al derecho de defensa.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the possibility of applying the procedural
guarantees inherent to criminal proceedings and regulated by the European legislator to
administrative disciplinary proceedings. After a brief study of the conformation in the European Union of the procedural status of the investigated, we will address the case law of the ECtHR and
the CJEU regarding the consideration of "criminal proceedings" as a broad concept that includes
certain administrative proceedings. To this end, we will defend the need for the latter, as a
manifestation of the ius puniendi of the public authorities, to respect the guarantees inherent to
the right of defense
New techniques for semi-supervised learning with ensembles and constraints
No full textEn los últimos años, el campo del aprendizaje semisupervisado (SSL) ha ganado una tracción significativa debido a su potencial para aprovechar tanto datos etiquetados como no etiquetados, abordando así los desafíos asociados con conjuntos de datos parcialmente etiquetados. Esta tesis doctoral explora nuevas técnicas para el SSL, centrándose específicamente en métodos con multiclasificadores y la integración de restricciones para mejorar el rendimiento de la clasificación. La investigación desarrollada tiene como objetivo avanzar en el estado del arte en SSL mediante el desarrollo de nuevos algoritmos, evaluando su efectividad a través de la experimentación y proponiendo una biblioteca de código abierto para una mayor accesibilidad y aplicabilidad. La tesis comienza con una revisión exhaustiva de los métodos actuales en el SSL, destacando la escasez en la literatura en cuanto al rendimiento comparativo de varias técnicas de SSL. Luego, se introducen enfoques innovadores con multiclasificadores que combinan múltiples modelos para mejorar la precisión y el comportamiento en escenarios muy escasamente etiquetados. Una contribución significativa de este trabajo es la aplicación de clasificación con restricciones en el marco de SSL. Al incorporar restricciones de «cannot-link» y «mustlink», los métodos propuestos pueden mejorar la fiabilidad de los resultados de la clasificación. Este enfoque se valida a través de extensos experimentos en tareas de reidentificación de animales utilizando datos de vídeo, demostrando un rendimiento superior en comparación con los clasificadores que no toman en cuenta estas restricciones. Además, la tesis aborda los desafíos prácticos de implementación, desarrollando una biblioteca de código abierto que incluye los nuevos algoritmos propuestos. Esta biblioteca tiene como objetivo facilitar la investigación y aplicación adicionales de las técnicas de SSL en varios dominios. Resumiendo, esta tesis trata de contribuir a a acrecentar de conocimiento en el SSL, proporcionando nuevas ideas, metodologías y herramientas que mejoran la efectividad y aplicabilidad de SSL en escenarios del mundo real
Stress-strain behavior of electric arc furnace slag concrete under uniaxial compression: Short- and long-term evaluation
No full textThis work analyzes the experimental behavior of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) concretes in terms of full stress-strain behavior under uniaxial compression. Tests are carried out on samples cured for 28 days and for more than 6 years, representing both short- and long-term conditions. Results are discussed in terms of main mechanical strength (compressive and indirect tensile strength), deformative properties in the axial and transverse direction, i.e., secant modulus and Poisson’s coefficient, stress-strain relations during the load history, damage evolution and critical stress. Furthermore, two models for predicting the stress-strain behavior of concrete under repeated cycles are shown, for both natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and EAFS concrete. Results indicate that EAFS concrete has higher compressive and tensile strength than the reference, as well as better deformative properties. The aggregates type influences the deformability of the concrete also beyond the elastic regime, both in the longitudinal and transverse direction, with a different extent depending on the applied stress. Specifically, EAFS concrete attained higher secant modulus particularly at low-stress levels, while such improvement is less pronounced at high stresses. Instead, no significant differences were recorded concerning Poisson’s coefficient between NAC and EAFS concrete. The analytical models proposed hereafter well predict the experimental behavior for both concrete types
Temporal forecasting of plant height and canopy diameter from RGB images using a CNN-based regression model for ornamental pepper plants (Capsicum spp.) growing under high-temperature stress
No full textBeing capable of accurately predicting morphological parameters of the plant weeks before achieving fruit maturation is of great importance in the production and selection of suitable ornamental pepper plants. The objective of this article is evaluating the feasibility and assessing the performance of CNN-based models using RGB images as input to forecast two morphological parameters: plant height and canopy diameter. To this end, four CNN-based models are proposed to predict these morphological parameters in four different scenarios: first, using as input a single image of the plant; second, using as input several images from different viewpoints of the plant acquired on the same date; third, using as input two images from two consecutive weeks; and fourth, using as input a set of images consisting of one image from each week up to the current date. The results show that it is possible to accurately predict both plant height and canopy diameter. The RMSE for a forecast performed 6 weeks in advance to the actual measurements was below 4.5 cm and 4.2 cm, respectively. When information from previous weeks is added to the model, better results can be achieved and as the prediction date gets closer to the assessment date the accuracy improves as well.Financiación en Acceso Abierto gracias al convenio CRUE-CSIC con Springer Nature. Esta investigación fue financiada por el CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), subvención número 408444/2021–5