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Hacia una nueva reforma ortográfica del español: perspectiva histórica y propuestas recientes
Get PDFTras siglos de cambios en los que la pronunciación, la etimología o el uso han tenido un
peso variable en la toma de decisiones, el español actual cuenta con un sistema ortográfico
que no es ajeno a los desajustes entre grafemas y fonemas. Con el fin de solventarlos o, al
menos, reducirlos, las propuestas de revisión más recientes sugieren partir de un criterio
fonológico que en última instancia desemboque en una ortografía puramente fonográfica.After centuries of changes in which pronunciation, etymology or usage have had
varying influence in decision-making, the current Spanish language has an orthographic
system that is not immune to discrepancies between graphemes and phonemes. In order to
solve or, at least, reduce them, the most recent revision proposals suggest starting from a
phonological criterion that ultimately leads to a purely phonographic orthography
Fault detection in analog electronic circuits using fuzzy inference systems and particle swarm optimization
Get PDFFault detection in analog circuits is of great importance to predict the correct operation of the circuit. For this purpose, soft computing techniques such as those based on the application of fuzzy inference systems stand out. However, given the large variability that can exist in analog circuits due to component tolerance, the initial fuzzy inference system (FIS) may not be able to accurately diagnose the different hard faults. This study presents a methodology to diagnose and detect the faults that can occur in analog circuits, which is based on the development of a FIS, starting from a specific fault situation in the analog circuit, and subsequently on the optimization of the membership functions using an evolutionary algorithm so that the adjusted FIS can classify and predict different failure situations. To this end, the application of optimization techniques based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) will be analyzed to develop a FIS capable of predicting different faults. In addition, pattern search algorithm will also be analyzed. A Sallen-Key band-pass filter and a single stage of a small-signal amplifier are used as test circuits. The proposed methodology shows that it is possible to accurately predict the faults that could arise in the circuits under study
Game-changing perspectives: A dataset on student perceptions of sustainable mobility pre- and post escape room intervention
Get PDFThe dataset aims to examine the prior and acquired knowledge in an Escape Room (ER) experience on sustainable mobility. In addition, the data could also be used to identify possible correspondences between some mobility behaviors and the predisposition to learn sustainable mobility concepts to foster attitude change.
To meet these objectives, an ER on sustainable mobility was conducted and a questionnaire was given before and after the activity to 173 students from various schools between 5th grade of primary school and 1st year of compulsory secondary school (10–13 years old).
The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part included social demographics questions (gender, family members, place of residence) and mobility habits (number of cars in the family, bus use, cycling). The second part included questions related to sustainable mobility topics with 14 items.
Data was collected between December 2022 and February 2023.This research has been made possible thanks to the Margarita Salas Fellowship funded by the European Union's Next Generation EU funds through the “Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan”. This research has been made possible thanks to fundings of the Spanish Ministry of Economics under grant “SUM+Cloud: COCREACION Y COMPATIBILIZACION DE LA INFORMACION EN LA NUBE-BORDE”
The “Weekday Effect”: A Decrease in Occupational Accidents from Monday to Friday—An Extension of the “Monday Effect”
No full textObjective: Study the variation in the number of accidents across days of the workweek, from Monday to Friday. Data and Method: All occupational accidents of full-time workers in Spain from 2011 to 2018 are analyzed. A total amount of 2,873,872 accidents are representative and not heavily affected by underreporting bias. Chi-squared test (χ2) and z-value determine statistically significant differences in accident percentages from Monday to Friday, controlling personal (sex, age, nationality, and seniority), company (activity, size, and region), temporal (hour of the day and working hour) variables, and consequences (severity, injury type, and injured body part). Results: “Weekday effect” with a decrease in accidents of 29.4% from Monday to Friday, a decrease of 14.3% from Monday to Tuesday (“Monday effect”), 3.9% from Tuesday to Wednesday, 7.9% from Wednesday to Thursday, and 7% from Thursday to Friday. The “weekday effect” and the “Monday effect” occur across industries, for all company sizes, for all types of workers (both genders, different ages and seniority), for different types of injury, and across the day and the shift. “Monday effect” increases with age and seniority, for men, in small companies (10 to 49 workers), in the morning, at the beginning of the work shift hours, and for back injuries. “Weekday effect” decreases with age and increases with seniority, for men, in companies between 20 and 249 workers, in the morning and at the beginning of the work shift hours, and for back injuries
The Metaverse and Artificial Intelligence applied to the buying and selling process
No full textLa aparición de nuevas tecnologías como la inteligencia artificial (IA), la realidad virtual (RV) o el
metaverso han provocado un cambio en cómo empresas y consumidores afrontan la experiencia de
compra. La IA potencia las capacidades de la RV y, a su vez, la RV ofrece entornos inmersivos donde
poder desarrollar las aplicaciones de la IA. En este contexto, cabe destacar que entre los objetivos de mi
trabajo encontramos la definición e influencia que estas nuevas tecnologías tienen en el proceso de
compraventa. Además, se verá de forma ejemplificada aportando casos reales de empresas que están
incorporando estas tecnologías en sus actividades diarias. De la misma forma, se realizará un estudio
empírico basado en un cuasiexperimento con gafas de realidad virtual y un posterior cuestionario donde
se analizará el comportamiento de los individuos dentro del metaverso y la sensación de inmersión que
se genera dentro de éste.The emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR) or the metaverse
have caused a change in how companies and consumers approach the shopping experience. AI
enhances the capabilities of VR and, at the same time, VR offers immersive environments in which to
develop AI applications. In this context, it is worth noting that among the objectives of my work we find
the definition and influence that these new technologies have on the buying and selling process. In
addition, it will be exemplified by providing real cases of companies that are already incorporating these
technologies in their daily activities. In the same way, an empirical study will be carried out based on a
quasi-experiment with virtual reality glasses and a subsequent questionnaire where the behaviour of
individuals within the metaverse and the feeling of immersion that is generated within it will be analysed
Efficient extraction of textile dyes using reusable acrylic-based smart polymers
No full textWater pollution from industrial or household waste, containing dyes from the textile industry, poses a significant environmental challenge requiring immediate attention. In this study, we have developed a crosslinked-smart-polymer film based on 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymerized with other hydrophilic and hydrophobic commercial monomers, and its efficacy in removing 21 different textile dyes was assessed. The smart polymer effectively interacts with and adsorbs dyes, inducing a noticeable colour change. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed a removal efficiency exceeding 90 % for anionic dyes, with external diffusion identified as the primary influencing factor on process kinetics, consistent with both pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Crank-Dual model. Isothermal studies revealed distinct adsorption behaviors, with indigo carmine adhering to a Freundlich isotherm while others conformed to the Langmuir model. Permeation and fluorescence analyses corroborated isotherm observations, verifying surface adsorption. Significantly, our proof-of-concept demonstrated the resilience of the smart-film to common fabric softeners and detergents without compromising adsorption capacity. Additionally, the material exhibited reusability (for at least 5 cycles), durability, and good thermal and mechanical properties, with T5 and T10 values of 265 °C and 342 °C, respectively, a Tg of 168 °C, and a water swelling percentage of 54.3 %, thus confirming its stability and suitability for industrial application.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by all funders. This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR. Author Saul Vallejos received grant BG22/00086 funded by Spanish Ministerio de Universidades. Author Marta Guembe-García received funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades-European Union under the framework of NextGeneration EU RD 289/2021 for her Post-Doc position. Author Jose Miguel García received grant PID2020-113264RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and grant TED2021–129419B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. The financial support provided by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF) and Regional Government of Castilla y León -Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León- (BU025P23) is gratefully acknowledged. Artur Valente and Gianluca Utzeri thank the financial support from The Coimbra Chemistry Centre through Projects UIDB/00313/2020 and UIDP/00313/2020 (FCT)
La estructura urbana de Burgos: procesos, formas y dinámicas de crecimiento en una ciudad media industrial
No full textPacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias en el Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres por quemaduras
No full textLos pacientes participantes en el estudio fueron aquellos atendidos por el Servicio de Urgencias Hospital del Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres (España) entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2022 por algún tipo de quemadura.
Variables recogidas: servicio de alta, sexo biológico (hombre, mujer), edad (años), fecha de ingreso, duración de la estancia (días), tipo de urgencia (pediátrica o adulta), clasificación según la norma estatal All Patients Refined - Diagnosis-Related Groups (APR-GRD) tipo de tratamiento (médico/quirúrgico), diagnóstico principal según la CIE-10 (T20, T21. .., T32), grosor de la piel afectada (parcial, completa, no declarada, superficie corporal, grado de quemadura (primera, segunda, tercera, no declarada), zonas afectadas (1, 2 o más, no declaradas), superficie corporal (parcial, completa, no declarada, superficie corporal no declarada), número de quemaduras (parcial, completa, no declarada, superficie corporal no declarada). T32), grosor de la piel afectada (parcial, completa, no consta), grado de la quemadura (primero, segundo, tercero, no consta), zonas afectadas (1, 2 o más, no consta), superficie corporal (según clasificación CIE-10), abordaje del tratamiento (externo, abierto, ambos, no consta), número de procedimientos necesarios, tipo de procedimiento realizado (sustitución, escisión, reparación, extirpación, amputación, traslado, liberación, cuidado de la herida, irrigación, vendaje, drenaje, transfusión, suplementación, inserción, inserción, soporte). La enfermería participa activamente en todos estos procedimientos, desempeñando un papel fundamental en cada uno de ellos
Problemas de Lectoescritura
No full textThe concept of literacy is understood as a cognitive process that enables a person to read
and interpret the words that make up a sentence or a text, and to express them in a
permanent and accessible way through writing. If this process is affected, it will hinder
the development of reading, interpreting, relating and representing words on a text in
those people who suffer from it, preventing the language from being permanently
embodied and making it inaccessible.
This study will try to provide a computerised solution to this problem in the population
of children between 7 and 9 years of age, when they are in the third year of compulsory
primary education. This is based on the use of innovative techniques of the well-known
global learning method, which consists of focusing the teaching of reading and writing
on the recognition of words as complete units associated with images and objects, instead
of breaking them down into individual letters and/or sounds, as other methods may do.
For this purpose, a didactic web application was developed via Stremlit, capable of
providing, through various exercises or functionalities, added support not only to children
with the aforementioned difficulties, but also to serve as a tool to facilitate teaching for
teachers, thus avoiding unexpected complications.
Due to the limited use with people with the condition, and the early development of the
web application itself, it is not possible to determine exactly how effective this software
is. However, given that the exercises used in the programme are very similar to techniques
applicable in reality, it can be deduced that, if it is used, satisfactory results will be
obtained.Se entiende el concepto de lecto-escritura como un proceso cognitivo que permite a una
persona leer e interpretar las palabras que componen una oración o un texto, y plasmarlas
de forma permanente y accesible mediante su escritura. Si este proceso se ve afectado,
dificultará el desarrollo de la lectura, interpretación, relación y representación de palabras
sobre un texto en aquellas personas que lo padecen, impidiendo plasmar el lenguaje de
forma permanente y volviéndolo inaccesible.
Este estudio va a tratar de proporcionar una solución informatizada a esta problemática
en la población de niños y niñas entre 7 o 9 años, cuando se encuentran en el periodo del
tercer curso de la educación primaria obligatoria. Esta, se basa en la utilización de técnicas
innovadoras del conocido método global de aprendizaje, que consiste en centrar la
enseñanza de la lectoescritura en el reconocimiento de las palabras como unidades
completas asociadas a imágenes y objetos, en lugar de descomponerlas en letras y/o
sonidos individuales, como pueden llegar a hacer otros métodos.
Con dicho propósito, se desarrolló una aplicación Web didáctica vía Stremlit, capaz de
proporcionar, a partir de diversos ejercicios o funcionalidades, un apoyo añadido, no sólo
a los niños que presenten las dificultades mencionadas, sino también que sirva de
herramienta para facilitar al profesorado su enseñanza, evitando, de esta forma,
complicaciones inesperadas.
Debido a la limitación de uso con personas que padecen dicha afectación, y al temprano
desarrollo de la propia aplicación web, no se puede determinar de manera exacta que este
software sea eficaz. No obstante, dado que los ejercicios utilizados en el programa
presentan gran similitud con técnicas aplicables en la realidad, se puede deducir que, si
esta es utilizada, se obtendrán resultados satisfactorios
Theoretical investigation of carbon dioxide adsorption on MgH2 with a cobalt catalyst
Get PDFThis work presents a theoretical investigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on MgH2 and its reaction (chemisorption) with cobalt doped MgH2. The focus of this study is the properties and mechanisms involved in CO2 adsorption on clean MgH2 surfaces and the role of Co in enhancing the adsorption process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine different CO2 adsorption sites on the MgH2 surface along with the adsorption distances, binding energies, and geometric parameters. The results indicate that physical adsorption of CO2 occurs on MgH2 with similar adsorption energies at different adsorption sites. The coverage effect of CO2 molecules on MgH2 was also investigated, revealing an increased affinity of CO2 with higher surface coverage. However, excessive coverage led to a decrease in adsorption efficiency due to competing surface adsorption and intermolecular interactions. The orientation of adsorbed CO2 molecules shifted from parallel to quasi-perpendicular arrangements upon adsorption, with notable deformations observed at higher coverage, which gives a hint of CO2 activation. Furthermore, the study explores the CO2 adsorption capacity of MgH2 in comparison to other materials reported in the literature, showcasing its medium to strong affinity for CO2. Additionally, the effectiveness of a single Co atom and Co clusters as catalysts for CO2 adsorption on MgH2 was examined. Overall, this theoretical investigation provides insights into the CO2 adsorption properties of MgH2 and highlights the potential of Co catalysts to enhance the efficiency of the methanation process.This investigation was funded by the CO2 absorbing Materials Project-RISE (CO2MPRISE) which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016-CO2MPRISE-734873