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A Proposed Method of Automating Data Processing for Analysing Data Produced from Eye Tracking and Galvanic Skin Response
No full textThe use of eye tracking technology, together with other physiological measurements such as psychogalvanic skin response (GSR) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, provides researchers with information about users’ physiological behavioural responses during their learning process in different types of tasks. These devices produce a large volume of data. However, in order to analyse these records, researchers have to process and analyse them using complex statistical and/or machine learning techniques (supervised or unsupervised) that are usually not incorporated into the devices. The objectives of this study were (1) to propose a procedure for processing the extracted data; (2) to address the potential technical challenges and difficulties in processing logs in integrated multichannel technology; and (3) to offer solutions for automating data processing and analysis. A Notebook in Jupyter is proposed with the steps for importing and processing data, as well as for using supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms.Project “Voice assistants and artificial intelligence in Moodle: a path towards a smart university” SmartLearnUni. Call 2020 R&D&I Projects—RTI Type B. MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION AND UNIVERSITIES. STATE RESEARCH AGENCY. Government of Spain, grant number PID2020-117111RB-I00”. Specifically, in the part concerning the application of multi-channel eye tracking technology with university students and Project “Specialized and updated training on supporting advance technologies for early childhood education and care professionals and graduates” (eEarlyCare-T) grant number 2021-1-ES01-KA220-SCH-000032661 funded by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION. In particular, the funding has enabled the development of the e-learning classroom and educational materials
Ultrafast Metal‐Free Microsupercapacitor Arrays Directly Store Instantaneous High‐Voltage Electricity from Mechanical Energy Harvesters
No full textHarvesting renewable mechanical energy is envisioned as a promising and sustainable way for power generation. Many recent mechanical energy harvesters are able to produce instantaneous (pulsed) electricity with a high peak voltage of over 100 V. However, directly storing such irregular high-voltage pulse electricity remains a great challenge. The use of extra power management components can boost storage efficiency but increase system complexity. Here utilizing the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, high-rate metal-free micro-supercapacitor (MSC) arrays are successfully fabricated for direct high-efficiency storage of high-voltage pulse electricity. Within an area of 2.4 × 3.4 cm2 on various paper substrates, large-scale MSC arrays (comprising up to 100 cells) can be printed to deliver a working voltage window of 160 V at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 30 V s−1. The ultrahigh rate capability enables the MSC arrays to quickly capture and efficiently store the high-voltage (≈150 V) pulse electricity produced by a droplet-based electricity generator at a high efficiency of 62%, significantly higher than that (<2%) of the batteries or capacitors demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, the compact and metal-free features make these MSC arrays excellent candidates for sustainable high-performance energy storage in self-charging power systems.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Swedish ResearchCouncil (Grant No. 2019–04731), the European Commission (Grant No.101070255, REFORM), and the Swedish Foundation for International Co-operation in Research and Higher Education (STINT, CH2017-7284)
Anxiety and perception of success in cadet and youth soccer players
No full textEl presente estudio pretende analizar el nivel de ansiedad y la orientación motivacional (metas de logro) en futbolistas en categorías formativas, factores influyentes en el desarrollo deportivo que suelenafectar al rendimiento, determinando su desempeño. En el estudio participaron 104 futbolistas (19 mujeres y 85 varones) pertenecientes a las diferentes categoríasen lasque compiten en los campeonatos ligueros en edades formativas (cadete y juvenil). Las edades de los sujetos están comprendidas entre los 14 ylos 18 años (15,90±1,31), a los cuales se le administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2) y el Cuestio-nario de Percepción de Éxito“Perception of Success Questionnaire”(POSQ). Los resultados mostraron una clara orientación predominante hacia la tarea frente al ego propia de la edad y categoría competitiva; mientras que la ansiedad competitiva, presenta la preocupación como dimensión con mayor puntuación y la ansiedad somática y la desconcentración con unas medias muy bajas y parecidas entre sí. En relación a los niveles de ansiedad competitiva con respectoal sexo, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de preocupación y desconcentración, reflejando valores más elevados en las mujeres que en los varones. Se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva y el clima motivacional (ego-tarea).The present study aims to analysethe level of anxiety and motivational orientation (achievement goals) in football players in training categories, which are influential factors in sporting development that usually affect performance, determining their perfor-mance. The study involved 104 football players (19 females and 85 males) belonging to the different categories that compete in the league championships at formative ages (cadet and youth). The subjects were aged between 14 and 18 years (15.90±1.31) and were administered the Spanish version of the Competitive Anxiety Scale (SAS-2) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). The results showed a clear predominant orientation towards the task as opposed to the ego typical of age and competitive category; while competitive anxiety presents worry as the dimension with the highest score and somatic anxiety and deconcentration with very low and similar means. In relation to the levels of competitive anxiety with respect to gender, statistically significant differences were observed in the dimensions of worry and deconcentration, reflecting higher values in females than in males. The results are discussed in terms of other findings and the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety and the motivational climate (ego-task)
Effects of ChatGPT use on undergraduate students’ creativity: a threat to creative thinking?
No full textConcerns have arisen regarding the potential negative impact of long-term ChatGPT use on creative thinking. This study investigates these effects using a one-group, pretest–posttest design involving 31 undergraduates over a 10-week intervention period. Participants used ChatGPT to complete academic assignments focused on designing teaching units on bacterial growth, chronic disease, and the human body. Creativity was assessed using the CREA-Creative Intelligence test, a valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian methods. The results showed that 25% of participants experienced decreased creativity, 21.43% remained unchanged, and 53.57% showed improvement. Overall, the study found no evidence that ChatGPT negatively impacts creative thinking
Design and usability evaluation of a mobile app for elementary school inquiry‐based science learning
No full textTeachers often struggle to implement inquiry-based science teaching. To support them, IndagApp—a 3D educational app that offers curriculum-aligned, inquiry-based lesson plans—was designed. The app is rooted in the inquiry phases recommended in best-practices literature, which arguably align with most international standards. This study describes IndagApp and evaluates its usability with fifth-graders from two elementary schools in Spain (N = 43). The system usability scale (SUS) and the Pictorial-SUS were used to collect students' feedback on usability. Both frequentist and Bayesian analyses were conducted to compare the mean SUS score with established benchmarks for usability. The results showed that IndagApp had high usability ratings, with most students rating it as the “Best imaginable” or “Good.” The mean SUS score was 84.816, which was significantly higher than the benchmark score of 68. There were no differences in usability between girls and boys, and students in private and public schools. These findings suggest that IndagApp is a valuable resource for inquiry learning in elementary grades and has significant implications for science education and science teacher professional development, as it helps teachers adopt reform-oriented teaching practices that align with the curricular standards and goals.Agencia Estatal de Investigación,Grant/Award Number:PID2020-117348RB-I00 -10.13039/50110001103
Towards a Socio-Constructivist Didactic Model for Integrated STEM Education
No full textAs science education shifts toward integrated STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approaches, guidelines for designing teaching and learning episodes that integrate curricular content and procedures from multiple disciplines become increasingly in demand. The existing plethora of conceptualizations of STEM makes difficult such an endeavor, leading to ill-defined lesson plans focused on only two –mainly science and technology or science and mathematics– out of the four STEM disciplines. The question addressed, therefore, is how the integrated STEM approach could be translated into classroom practices that integrate the four STEM disciplines in a way that is consistent and coherent with elementary education curricula. This manuscript advances a theoretically informed didactic model for the design and implementation of integrated STEM in elementary education. The article discusses how the model uses socio-constructivist principles to establish intentional and explicit connections between STEM disciplines via scientific inquiry, engineering design, and computational thinking practices. The model is rooted in learning theories developed by Piaget, Vygotsky, Ausubel, and Bruner and could serve as a roadmap for educators and researchers designing integrated STEM lessons. Future empirical research testing the model is warranted.This study was supported by the Spanish State Investigation Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación de España) under the research grant: PID2020-117348RB-I00 - 10.13039/501100011033
La influencia de la religión sobre la política de Cash Holding: una aplicación a las medianas empresas españolas
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones para la
política del cash holding en las medianas empresas españolas. Atendiendo a la literatura previa, la
religión influye tanto en las decisiones corporativas como también en las decesiones de tenencia de
efectivo, existiendo resultados contrarios. Para este estudio se ha empleado una muestra de 3392
empresas. El análisis descriptivo muestra que el nivel medio de religiosidad católica en España es
de 52,23%. El análisis explicativo revela una relación negativa y significativa entre el porcentaje de
religiosidad y los niveles de tesorería. Es decir, a mayor religiosidad en una región el nivel de cash
holding se reduce en las empresas. Finalmente, en línea con los estudios previos: el tamaño, el
apalancamiento financiero y el cash flow influyen negativamente en el nivel de cash holding, mientras
que la ROA y la liquidez influyen positivamente.This paper has studied the influence of religion in decision-making regarding cash holding policy on
Spanish medium sized companies. Previous works point out that religion influences both corporate
decisions and cash possession decisions, however results are contradictory. The sample consists of 3392
enterprises. The descriptive analysis reveals that the average level of Catholic religiousness in Spain is
52,23%. The explicative analysis shows a negative and significative influence between religiousness and
liquid assets. Thus, the larger the religiousness in a region, the lesser cash holding in companies. Finally,
in line with previous works, while size, leverage, and cash flow negatively affect the amount of cash
holding, ROA and liquidity have a positive influence.Grado en Finanzas y Contabilida
Enhancing Learning of 3D Model Unwrapping through Virtual Reality Serious Game: Design and Usability Validation
Get PDFGiven the difficulty of explaining the unwrapping process through traditional teaching methodologies, this article presents the design, development, and validation of an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) serious game, named Unwrap 3D Virtual: Ready (UVR), aimed at facilitating the learning of unwrapping 3D models. The game incorporates animations to aid users in understanding the unwrapping process, following Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Gamification principles. Structured into four levels of increasing complexity, users progress through different aspects of 3D model unwrapping, with the final level allowing for result review. A sample of 53 students with experience in 3D modeling was categorized based on device (PC or VR) and previous experience (XP) in VR, resulting in Low-XP, Mid-XP, and High-XP groups. Hierarchical clustering identified three clusters, reflecting varied user behaviors. Results from surveys assessing game experience, presence, and satisfaction show higher immersion reported by VR users despite greater satisfaction being observed in the PC group due to a bug in the VR version. Novice users exhibited higher satisfaction, which was attributed to the novelty effect, while experienced users demonstrated greater control and proficiency.This work was supported by the Consejeria de Educacion of the Junta de Castilla y Leon and the European Social Fund through a pre-doctoral grant (EDU/875/2021), and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU21/01978)
Material suplementario 8: movimientos de la muñeca
No full textSe muestra la anatomía de la muñeca, centrándose en movimientos como la abducción de la muñeca
Material suplementario 2: microanatomía muscular
No full textEn este vídeo se ofrece una exploración detallada del músculo esquelético y sus fibras