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Safety and road infrastructure: A spatial analysis in suburbs of Bogotá
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe research was focused in a multiple correspondence analysis. We analyzed the
relationships between accident rates and road infrastructure variables in a municipality of
Soacha (with more than five hundred thousand inhabitants in the suburbs of Bogota-
Colombia). In Colombia, the fatality rate is 13 deaths per 100.000 inhabitants. In Soacha
municipality the fatality rate is 10 deaths per 100.000 inhabitants. Soacha reports the
highest number of deaths in the region (ANSV, 2020). In this research we performed a
spatial analysis using a Kernel density graph to identify the areas with the highest
concentration of fatal crashes.
We found that five dimensions explain 70% of the variability of data. We made a crossdimension
analysis by pairs, to obtain information on all possible combinations between
that dimensions and used them as an input of a spatial distribution analysis of crashes in
the municipality. We also calculated the contour curves for density modeling. We found
that higher concentration of fatal crashes is around the highway “Autopista Sur”. These
crashes were associated whit crash hypothesis variables, immediate cause of the crash,
crash class, crash severity and type of vehicle.The authors express their acknowledgements to the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial - ANSV for providing the road accident information base (RNAT) and to the Vicedecanatura de Investigación and the Research Seed of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia SIMUN for their contribution during the research process
Ad Hoc Minimum Separation: A challenge for Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe SESAR programme aims at developing the future European air traffic management
system. It focuses on four keys areas: capacity, safety, efficiency and environment. In view
of the expected growth in air traffic demand in the coming years, the current goal is to
increase the airspace capacity, which is already close to saturation in many cases.
Currently, the separation standards applied in a given volume of airspace are fixed, both
horizontally and vertically, which means that in many cases this is one of the determining
factors of capacity. Separation management is an area where improvement is sought, in
particular through the application of new operational concepts (separation modes) which
include the redefinition of aircraft separation minima. One of the solutions to be
investigated is the variable (Ad Hoc) separation proposal put forward by SESAR.
This future concept implies a change in the application of separation minima from the
current fixed standards to a new variable approach. With this new concept, ATCo (Air
Traffic Controller) would separate aircraft by applying different separation minima in the
same volume of airspace. These separation values are tactically determined for each
particular aircraft pair (Ad Hoc) depending on a number of factors: aircraft categories,
encounter geometry, atmospheric conditions, etc.
Applying different separation minima in the same volume of airspace implies a substantial
change in some of the ATC activities. Also, new functionalities in ATC support tools are
needed. This study presents the Ad Hoc separation operational concept and provides the
basis for the development of the algorithm for calculating variable separation minima
Impacto sobre el cambio climático que genera la movilidad en la UPM: Cálculo de la huella de carbono
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosLa descarbonización de la movilidad urbana se ha convertido en uno de los principales
objetivos de las ciudades, que ven cómo florecen diferentes planes y estrategias para hacer
frente al cambio climático. Dentro de las ciudades, las universidades son áreas que
propician la concienciación sobre estilos de vida respetuosos con el medio ambiente. El
presente trabajo describe una acción que se puso en práctica en la Semana de la Movilidad
Europea de 2019 en la Universidad Politécnica Madrid (UPM).
El objetivo fue que toda la comunidad UPM (más de 40.000 personas) conociese las
emisiones de CO2 diarias de sus desplazamientos a la UPM. Para ello, se realizó una
sencilla encuesta de movilidad online en la que los encuestados indicaban los modos de
transporte que utilizaban para llegar a los centros UPM, la distancia que recorrían y el
motivo de escoger dichos modos. En 3 días que duró la campaña, se recogieron 2.149
respuestas.
El estudio incluye una metodología para calcular los factores de emisión de dióxido de
carbono por modo de transporte del área metropolitana de Madrid. Los resultados
demuestran que el transporte público es el modo principal utilizado por la comunidad UPM
con más del 75% de viajes realizados, los modos privados representan el 17% y los modos
blandos un 8%. Sin embargo, son los modos privados quienes emiten más del 55% de las
emisiones de CO2 totales de la UPM.
Tras un análisis en profundidad de los motivos que llevan a utilizar un modo u otro, se
proponen un conjunto de políticas para la reducción de las emisiones. Se destaca la
campaña de concienciación que se realizó en la Semana de la Movilidad con la difusión de
los resultados en Ciudad Universitaria para hacer partícipe a la ciudadanía de los impactos
al clima que tienen nuestras decisiones individuales.A la iniciativa Global Challenge de la UPM por proponer la acción de difusión de la huella de carbono de la UPM en la Semana de la Movilidad Europea 2019
Why is necessary to reduce the speed in urban areas to 30 KM/H?
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosIn Spain, on November 2020, a new law imposed that the generic speed limit on single
carriageway two-lane roads is reduced from 50 km/h to 30 km/h.
The changes in the general rules of traffic, proposed by the Spanish government, are a sample
of the evolution, in the use of the shared space of the streets, and at the same time shows its
sensitivity towards road safety. Traditionally, the objective of the regulation was to attend to
the growing increase in the use of motor vehicles (mainly cars), and for this reason, it was
the protagonist in most of the articles of the General Traffic Regulations. Today, in many
cities, the car is no longer the protagonist and shares the space on the streets, not only with
other motor vehicles as buses or motorcycles, but also with pedestrians, bicycles, electric
pedal-assisted cycles (EPAC), personal mobility vehicle (PMV), …
Pedestrian mobility is becoming more and more important every day but the number of
pedestrians that died inside Spanish urban areas in road accidents is almost 50% of total
urban areas road fatalities. In this sense, the mobility and road safety policies developed by
local administrations have to focus on the objective of the reduction of accidents and their
severity involving pedestrians and other vulnerable users in urban areas.
This article collects studies and experiences in other countries that show the effects of
reducing the speed of motor vehicles in urban areas in order to reduce accidents and/or their
severity if they occur. It also analyzes other options that reinforce this measure and that could
help reduce this problem
Comparison of multivariate regression models and artificial neural networks for prediction highway traffic accidents in Spain: A case study
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosIn recent years Spain shows the great reduction in the accident rate that has been achieved
and the improvement of the behavior of road users, despite this, there is still a need to
improve many areas. In 2016 for the first time since the last 13 years, the number of fatalities
increased by 7% concerning to the previous year. In this paper, analysis and prediction of
road traffic accidents (RTAs) of high accident locations highways in Spain, were undertaken
using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which can be used for policymakers, this paper
contributes to the area of transportation safety and researchers. ANN is a powerful technique
that has demonstrated considerable success in analyzing historical data to forecast future
trends.
There are many ANN models for predicting the number of accidents on highways that were
developed using 4 years of data for accident counts on the Spain freeway roads from 2014
to 2017. The best ANN model was selected for this task and the model variables involved
highway sections, years, section length ,annual average daily traffic (AADT), the average
horizontal curve radius, Slope gradient, traffic accidents with the number of heavy vehicles.
In the ANN model development, the sigmoid activation function was employed with the
Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the different number of neurons.
The model results indicate the estimated traffic accidents, based on appropriate data are close
enough to actual traffic accidents and so are dependable to forecast traffic accidents in Spain.
However, it demonstrates that ANNs provide a potentially powerful tool in analyzing and
predicting traffic accidents. The performance of the model was in comparison to the
multivariate regression model developed for the same purpose. The results prove that the
ANN model stronger forecasted model which produced estimates fairly close to forecast
future highway traffic accidents with Spanish conditions
Influencia del gasto en construcción y mantenimiento de carreteras en la seguridad vial en el contexto europeo
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosEl presente artículo analiza la influencia de los recursos económicos invertidos en la red
viaria, tanto en construcción como en mantenimiento, sobre el número de fallecimientos
producidos en la misma. Dada la multitud de factores de los que depende el tema de estudio,
además de los recursos económicos invertidos, se incluye una serie de variables explicativas
que tratan de reflejar características de la red viaria, aspectos socioeconómicos,
meteorológicos y legislativos. Para ello, se ha construido un modelo de datos de panel para
22 países europeos y para el período comprendido entre 1998 y 2016, para la red viaria
interurbana. Los resultados muestran un efecto beneficioso del gasto en mantenimiento de
carreteras sobre la mortalidad. También se han hallado resultados significativos para la
construcción de carreteras, la proporción de vías de gran capacidad, el PIB per cápita y el
carnet por puntos.Este estudio ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto “Inversión en carreteras y seguridad vial: un análisis internacional (INCASE)”, financiado por: FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades–Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ Proyecto RTI2018-101770- B-I00, dentro del Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientado a los Retos de la Sociedad. Las variables incluidas en el estudio han sido obtenidas de las siguientes fuentes oficiales: Eurostat, OECD/ITF, EU DG Mobility and Transport, UNECE, IRTAD, World Bank, Copernicus Climate Change Service, institutos nacionales de estadística y ministerios de transportes
Metro systems in Latin America, comparison of planning and development models versus other regions in the world
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe population growth in cities pushes to seek solutions for the mobility of people, one of
the most efficient but at the same time more expensive solution is a rapid transport system,
commonly known as metro systems. In last 50 years, Latin America has seen how many of
its cities have grown to have populations of several million inhabitants and therefore they
have considered the development of a first metro line or if they already had existing lines,
expand the metro network. This study seeks to understand the planning and development
models of metros in Latin America and analyze the traits of these systems, compared to
metros in other regions of the world. The conclusions of this study will not only be useful
for local planners, but also for development banks and other international organizations in a
way that they can understand and adapt their processes to local conditions. The research
uses statistical information from benchmarking groups of metro systems throughout the
world, as well as information presented in annual reports of companies operating metro
systems. Academic documents are also used, as well as reviews and analytical studies by
experts from international organizations and multilateral banks. In the first section of the
paper, planning models to develop a metro project are analyzed, then a comparison is made
between levels of demand or passenger flows and economic-financial variables and finally
the operation models are studied. Conclusions are presented with the most relevant factors
to consider when planning and developing a metro system in Latin America
