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Liposomal Encapsulation of Oleuropein and an Olive Leaf Extract: Molecular Interactions, Antioxidant Effects and Applications in Model Food Systems
No full textThe influence of actively/passively encapsulated oleuropein on DPPC liposomes thermal and structural properties, and its antioxidant capacity against lipid peroxidation were investigated. Also, an oleuropein-rich olive leaf extract was encapsulated in soy phosphatidylcholine (PL-90 g) and incorporated in model and commercial drinks. Oleuropein induced a concentration-dependent broadening and splitting of the gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature. Fluorescence measurements revealed a fluidizing effect on liposomes below their gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature, and a higher lipid ordering above, especially to active encapsulation. Oleuropein also showed an antioxidant effect against lipid peroxidation in PL-90 g liposomes. PL-90 g Liposomes with olive leaf extract showed a mean diameter of 405 ± 4 nm and oleuropein encapsulation efficiency of 34% and delayed oleuropein degradation at pH 2.0 and 2.8 model drinks. In conclusion, greater effects were observed on the structure and fluidity of DPPC liposomes when oleuropein was actively encapsulated, while its incorporation into acidic foods in encapsulated form could enhance its stability.This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement N° 713714, and by the Slovenian Research Agency under the P4-0121 Programme and the CRP V4-1621 Project
Elite and Citizens’ Attitudes Towards Territorial Organisation
No full textSpain has developed into a quasi-federal state over the last four decades. After Spaniards initial reluctance when the regional governments (‘Estado de las autonomías’) were created, citizens have increasingly supported political decentralisation. However, the surge for Catalan independence and the subsequent constitutional crisis provoked by the secession attempt in 2017 may have changed the attitudes of many, who are now much more critical of Spain’s territorial structure. This chapter confirms that the parliamentary elites are significantly more supportive of regional autonomy than citizens, and the gap in congruence has increased from 2009 to 2018. However, there are differences among the political groups: new parties are more congruent with their voters than traditional mainstream formations, but there is not conclusive evidence that ideology makes a significant difference in this issue
El maltrato estudiantil y sus sustratos culturales
No full textLa vida universitaria ha sido objeto de múltiples estudios atendiendo
a su carácter sapiencial, a las posibilidades de promoción social que
ofrecía y un mundo perdulario de grandes desmanes y desórdenes
a través de las prácticas estudiantiles, de entre las que destacan ampliamente las novatadas.
Los historiadores de la vida estudiantil suelen interpretar las novatadas como elementos consustanciales a la identidad universitaria,
cuando no como auténticos ritos de paso. Esta práctica sería una
especie de salvaje traslación al mundo de los estudiantes del carácter autónomo de la institución, cuya máxima expresión era su privilegiada independencia judicial. De hecho, el fuero universitario
constituye el principal valedor de la excepcionalidad estudiantil.
Sus tribunales, tan habitualmente livianos en la aplicación de penas
y castigos, dieron plena satisfacción del privilegio a sus aforados
Validaty and reliability issues in the ROSE questionnaires: A systematic review of Spanish literature
No full textLos cuestionarios ROSE ocupan un lugar destacado en la investigación relacionada con las actitudes hacia la ciencia, sin embargo, su análisis psicométrico en población de habla hispana ha sido descuidado. Esta revisión sistemática recopila estudios que han empleado los instrumentos ROSE y presenta un análisis de sus evidencias psicométricas. Los hallazgos revelan lagunas en términos de validez y fiabilidad. Concretamente, los resultados de validez estructural y fiabilidad documentados en la bibliografía son poco satisfactorios, insuficientes y contradictorios. Asimismo, existe una ausencia de aporte de evidencias fundamentales de validez (validez convergente, discriminante, concurrente y predictiva) y de fiabilidad test-retest (estabilidad temporal). Por lo tanto, la calidad psicométrica de los cuestionarios ROSE es preocupante y se desconoce en qué medida evalúan adecuadamente las actitudes hacia la ciencia.The ROSE questionnaires stand out in research related to attitudes towards science; however, its psychometric analysis in the Spanish-speaking population has been neglected. This systematic review compiles research that used the ROSE instruments and provides an analysis of their psychometric evidence. The findings reveal gaps in terms of validity and reliability evidence. In particular, the results of structural validity and reliability documented in the literature are unsatisfactory, insufficient, and contradictory. Furthermore, fundamental psychometric properties are absent, such as convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validity; no evidence of temporal stability reliability was found neither. Therefore, the psychometric quality of the ROSE questionnaires is of concern and the extent to which they adequately measure attitudes towards science is unknown
Signal transfer with excitation-emission matrices between a portable fluorimeter based on light-emitting diodes and a master fluorimeter
Get PDFIn this work, the transfer of the excitation-emission matrices between a portable fluorimeter based on LEDs and a master fluorimeter based on a xenon source was carried out. Enrofloxacin was the analyte of interest and it was measured alone or in binary mixtures with flumequine (partially overlapped signals) or with ciprofloxacin (fully overlapped signals). The maintenance and transfer of the unequivocal identification of the fluorophores between both instruments are shown. The precision in the determination performed with the portable fluorimeter approximated to that made with the master fluorimeter using this transfer and it did not introduce bias. The correlation coefficients of the calibrations based on PARAFAC using EEM signals were higher than 0.999, whereas the values of the capability of detection ranged from 14.8 to 26.9 μg L−1 for probabilities of false positive and false negative fixed at 0.05. These results contribute to the effort to perform the fluorimetric detection outside the laboratory and to promote the use of databases of fluorescence spectra for the unequivocal identification in remote of fluorophores of interest and/or regulated.Spanish MINECO (AEI/FEDER, UE) through projects CTQ2014-53157-R and CTQ2017‐88894‐R and by Junta de Castilla y León through project BU012P17 (all co‐financed with European FEDER funds
Studies of polyphenol oxidase inactivation by means of high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD)
Get PDFTyrosinase from mushroom was used as a model polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme to perform a systematic inactivation study using High Pressure Carbon Dioxide (HPCD). The ratio CO2/volume of enzyme (g/mL) loaded in the reactor was found to be critical. Above a critical ratio, pressure, temperature and time did not control the inactivation performance. Exposure time (2–15 min), temperature (25–45 °C) and pressure (5–20 MPa) allowed to show a characteristic inactivation pattern for PPO: a sudden decrease in activity (at least 75% of the total activity loss was observed within the first 2 min) was followed by a slowed decay. The experimental data were fitted into a two fraction kinetic model and the main kinetic parameters (ZP, ZT activation volume and activation energy) were calculated. The fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the samples treated with HPCD revealed significant changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme.Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). To Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for O.Benito’s Post-doctoral contract funded by project BU055U16. To MINECO for E. de Paz’s Juan de la Cierva Contract (FJCI-2014-19850)
Reconocimiento de morfologías endokársticas y yacimientos en los karst de la Sierra de Atapuerca y Ojo Guareña (Burgos) mediante técnicas de prospección geofísica
No full textEste trabajo se centra en el estudio, por métodos de prospección geofísica, de los karst de la Sierra de Atapuerca y Ojo Guareña (Burgos), que albergan importantes yacimientos de la Prehistoria antigua y reciente.
Para este trabajo se han realizado prospecciones de Tomografía de Resistividad Eléctrica (ERT) y georradar (GPR), con el objetivo de identificar las dimensiones y continuidad de las cavidades que albergan estos yacimientos. La interpretación de estos resultados ha permitido determinar la extensión de las cavidades, diferenciar elementos geológicos intactos de alteraciones antrópicas y emplazar nuevas excavaciones arqueológicas. Estas interpretaciones sido comprobadas por medio de sondeos mecánicos con recuperación de testigo.
En este trabajo se analizan también las limitaciones de ambos métodos de prospección geofísica y su implicación en la interpretación de los resultados.
Todos estos datos han llevado en última instancia a una mejor comprensión del proceso de formación de los karst y de los yacimientos.This work focusses on the study, through geophysical techniques, of the Sierra de Atapuerca and the Ojo Guareña karst systems, which bear outstanding sites from ancient and recent Prehistory.
For this work, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys were performed with the aim of identifying the dimensions and continuity of the karstic passages that bear these sites. The interpretation of the results has allowed determining the extension of the conduits, to distinguish between intact geological features and anthropic alterations, and to locate new archaeological excavations. These interpretations have been verified by mechanical boreholes.
In this work, we have also analysed the limitations of both geophysical techniques and their implications in the interpretation of the results.
All these data have ultimately led to a better understanding of the karst and sites’ formation process.La presente Tesis Doctoral ha sido financiada por las ayudas de investigación de la
Fundación Atapuerca y por las ayudas destinadas a financiar la contratación predoctoral de
personal investigador de la Junta de Castilla y León (ORDEN EDU/310/2015) cofinanciadas
por el Fondo Social Europeo.
Los trabajos de prospección geofísica y las perforaciones con recuperación de testigo en
la Sierra de Atapuerca han sido financiadas por la Consejería de Cultura y Turismo de
la Junta de Castilla y León y por los siguientes proyectos de investigación concedidos a
los codirectores de los yacimientos José María Bermúdez de Castro y Eudald Carbonell,
respectivamente:
• PGC2018-093925-B-C31: The Pleistocene and Holocene of the Sierra de Atapuerca.
Hominin Settlement Patterns in Europe, Chronological, Spatial, and Environmental
Frame, and Cognition and Technology, del MINCIU.
• CGL2015-65387-C3-3-P: El Pleistoceno y Holoceno de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos,
España): Geología, Paleoecología y Paleobiología de Homínidos II, del MINECO.
• CGL2012-38434-C03-02: El Pleistoceno y Holoceno de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos,
España): Geología, Paleoecología y Paleobiología de Homínidos, del MCYT.
• PGC2018-093925-B-C32: Eco-Social behaviour of the Sierra de Atapuerca Hominins
during Quaternary V, del MINCIU.
• CGL2015-65387-C3-1-P: Comportamiento ecosocial de los homínidos de la Sierra de
Atapuerca durante el Cuaternario IV, del MINECO.
Además, los trabajos de prospección geofísica en Ojo Guareña fueron en parte financiados
por el programa de JÓVENES EXCELENTES de la Fundación Gutiérrez Manrique - Caja
de Burgos.
Durante el desarrollo de la Tesis Doctoral se realizaron dos estancias de investigación
en el Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Denver y en el Istituto per le
tecnologie applicate ai beni culturali (ITABC, CNR-ITALIA), esta última financiada por las
Ayudas para la movilidad de alumnos de Doctorado y PDI de la Universidad de Burgos
Artificial Neural Networks, Sequence-to-Sequence LSTMs, and Exogenous Variables as Analytical Tools for NO2 (Air Pollution) Forecasting: A Case Study in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)
Get PDFThis study aims to produce accurate predictions of the NO2 concentrations at a specific
station of a monitoring network located in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain). Artificial neural networks
(ANNs) and sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) were used to create
the forecasting models. Additionally, a new prediction method was proposed combining LSTMs
using a rolling window scheme with a cross-validation procedure for time series (LSTM-CVT). Two
different strategies were followed regarding the input variables: using NO2
from the station or
employing NO2 and other pollutants data from any station of the network plus meteorological
variables. The ANN and LSTM-CVT exogenous models used lagged datasets of different window
sizes. Several feature ranking methods were used to select the top lagged variables and include them
in the final exogenous datasets. Prediction horizons of t + 1, t + 4 and t + 8 were employed. The
exogenous variables inclusion enhanced the model’s performance, especially for t + 4 (ρ ≈ 0.68 to
ρ ≈ 0.74) and t + 8 (ρ ≈ 0.59 to ρ ≈ 0.66). The proposed LSTM-CVT method delivered promising
results as the best performing models per prediction horizon employed this new methodology.
Additionally, per each parameter combination, it obtained lower error values than ANNs in 85% of
the cases.This research was funded by MICINN (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Spain), grant number RTI2018-098160-B-I00, and grant “Ayuda para Estancias en Centros de Investigación del Programa de Fomento e Impulso de la actividad Investigadora de la Universidad de Cádiz”
Deepint.net: A Rapid Deployment Platform for Smart Territories
Get PDFThis paper presents an efficient cyberphysical platform for the smart management of
smart territories. It is efficient because it facilitates the implementation of data acquisition and
data management methods, as well as data representation and dashboard configuration. The
platform allows for the use of any type of data source, ranging from the measurements of a multifunctional IoT sensing devices to relational and non-relational databases. It is also smart because
it incorporates a complete artificial intelligence suit for data analysis; it includes techniques for
data classification, clustering, forecasting, optimization, visualization, etc. It is also compatible with
the edge computing concept, allowing for the distribution of intelligence and the use of intelligent
sensors. The concept of smart cities is evolving and adapting to new applications; the trend to create
intelligent neighbourhoods, districts or territories is becoming increasingly popular, as opposed to
the previous approach of managing an entire megacity. In this paper, the platform is presented,
and its architecture and functionalities are described. Moreover, its operation has been validated
in a case study where the bike renting service of Paris—Vélib’ Métropole has been managed. This
platform could enable smart territories to develop adapted knowledge management systems, adapt
them to new requirements and to use multiple types of data, and execute efficient computational
and artificial intelligence algorithms. The platform optimizes the decisions taken by human experts
through explainable artificial intelligence models that obtain data from IoT sensors, databases, the
Internet, etc. The global intelligence of the platform could potentially coordinate its decision-making processes with intelligent nodes installed in the edge, which would use the most advanced data
processing techniques.This work has been partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg Spain-Portugal V-A Program (POCTEP) under grant 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E, the project My-TRAC: My TRAvel Companion (H2020-S2RJU-2017), the project LAPASSION, CITIES (CYTED 518RT0558) and the company DCSC. Pablo Chamoso’s research work has been funded through the Santander Iberoamerican Research Grants, call 2020/2021, under the direction of Paulo Novais
Diseño y análisis crítico del turismo a partir de dinámicas urbanas: Berlín bajo el eslogan “ni tan pobre ni tan sexy”
Get PDFBerlín y turismo son dos realidades que actualmente van entrelazadas. La capital es la primera ciudad que se
ha convertido en una imagen de marca y ha diseñado un estilo propio. Su singularidad radica en que no son tanto sus
monumentos o su urbanismo los que atraen, sino su espíritu. Hablamos del multiculturalismo, el arte callejero o la
ruptura que propicio la caída del muro. No hay ningún otro escenario en el que se puedan apreciar tan vivamente los
momentos más intensos del S. XX como en Berlín. Estamos ante una ciudad que en la actualidad sigue teniendo mucho
peso, de aquí salieron en gran parte las políticas europeas que condicionaron en el continente la última gran crisis
económica mundial.
Su alcalde más carismático Klaus Wowereit le facilitó el primer eslogan que diseñaría la línea de los que vendrían
después “Berlín es pobre pero sexy”. Berlín es bastante menos pobre ¿pero sigue siendo sexy? Las dinámicas que
alimentan el turismo no siempre le son favorables. A pesar de que trata de poner medidas para frenar los efectos más
perjudiciales de la urbanización, la gentrificación y el turismo masificado, no han sido capaces hasta ahora de llegar a
un desarrollo sostenible. Todo lo anterior ha dado lugar a movimientos en contra del turismo que analizaremos con
perspectiva crítica en este artículo.Berlin and tourism are two realities that are currently intertwined. The capital is the first city that has become
a brand image, whose uniqueness lies in the fact that it is not so much its monuments or its urbanism that attract but its
spirit, for instance, multiculturalism, street art or the disruption that led to the fall of the wall. There is no other scenario
in which the most intense moments of the 20th century can be appreciated as vividly as in Berlin. It also continues to
carry a lot of weight today, as many of the European policies that conditioned the continent during the last great world
economic crisis came, to some extent, from this city.
Its most charismatic mayor Klaus Wowereit provided the first slogan in the line of those that would follow: "Berlin is
poor but sexy". Thanks in part to the tourism industry Berlin is much less poor than when this phrase was pronounced,
but is it still sexy? The dynamics that fuel tourism are not always favorable to the city. Even though the city-state is trying
to put measures in place to curb the most harmful effects of urbanization, gentrification, and mass tourism, it has not
been able to achieve a sustainable development so far. All the above has led to movements against tourism that we
consider, to be worth analyzing in this paper