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Supercritical CO2 processing of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – Towards a biorefinery for fish waste valorization
Get PDFDriven by growing prevalence of chronic diseases and consumer’s health awareness, food supplements and nutraceuticals based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are extensively marketed nowadays. However, commercial omega-3 concentrates still present quality issues related to their purity, bioavailability, and easily-oxidizable nature, compelling the industry to seek for more efficient extraction, concentration and formulation methods. Technologies based on the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) are a promising alternative, replacing conventional organic solvents and providing milder conditions and an inert atmosphere, which reduce the risk of oxidation. The present review analyzes the latest advances on the use of scCO2 for processing omega-3 PUFAs, focusing on its application in biorefinery strategies for the valorization of fish by-products. Still, further research on process fundamentals is necessary in order to increase the omega-3 yield and purity while reducing the use of energy and auxiliary materials, especially in the transesterification and concentration steps.panish Agencia Estatal de Investigación [grant number PID2019-539 104950RB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033] and the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU301P18 and BU050P20]
Late Pleistocene paleosol formation in a dynamic aggradational microenvironment - A case study from the Malá nad Hronom loess succession (Slovakia)
Get PDFThe geomorphological characteristics of the loess succession at Malá nad Hronom (Slovakia) mean that it provides a valuable opportunity for the investigation of differences in soil formation in various topographic positions. Along with the semiquantitative characterization of the paleosols (on the basis of physical properties, texture, the characteristics of peds, clay films, horizon boundaries), high-resolution field magnetic susceptibility measurements and sampling were carried out along four different sections of the profile. Samples for luminescence dating were also taken, in order to establish the chronostratigraphical position of the paleosols studied. The comparison of various proxies revealed the differences in soil formation in a dynamic aggradational microenvironment for the same paleosol horizons located in various positions along the slope. Contrary to expectation, paleosols developed in local top or slope topographical positions did not display significant differences in e.g. in their degree of development, nor the characteristics of their magnetic susceptibility curves. In the case of paleosols in positions lower down the slope, signs of quasi-permanent sediment input could be recognized as being present as early as during the formation of the soil itself. This sediment input would seem to be surpassed in the case of pedogenesis strengthened by the climate of the last interglacial (marine isotope stage - MIS 5). Pedogenesis seems to be sustained by renewed intense dust accumulation in the Late Pleistocene, in MIS 3, though compared to MIS 5, the climate of MIS 3 did not favor intense pedogenesis. Despite the general belief that loess series formed in plateau positions can preserve terrestrial records without significant erosion, in the case of the Malá nad Hronom loess this is not so. Compared to the sequence affected by erosional events in the local top position, the sequence affected by quasi-continuous sediment input in the lower slope position seems to have preserved the soil horizons intact.International Visegrad Fund (project Number 11410020). The paper was also supported by a long-term conceptual development subvention available to research organizations RVO: 68145535 from the Institute of Geonics AS CR, by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. APVV-0625-11 (project “A new synthesis of the Western Carpathians landform evolution – preparation of the database for testing of key hypotheses”. B. Bradák acknowledges the financial support of project BU235P18 (Junta de Castilla y Leon, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERD), project PID2019-108753GB-C21 / AECI / 10.13039/501100011033 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and project PID2019-105796GB-100 / AECI / 10.13039/501100011033 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Dynamics and expectations for growth in urban areas structured by spain's medium sized cities
No full textTrabajo presentado en: "Congreso de la Asociación Española de Geografía", Ciudad de San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), del 14 al 17 de diciembre de 2021La contribución pretende caracterizar el planeamiento urbano municipal vigente en
las áreas urbanas articuladas por ciudades medias, valorándose concretamente su
grado de cobertura territorial, el año de aprobación y el modelo de ciudad y crecimiento que se plantea. A través del análisis de la información urbanística facilitada
por el Sistema de Información Urbana del MITMA (2018) se llega a la conclusión de
que, pese a la gran cobertura territorial, el planeamiento urbano de primera escala
en estas áreas es obsoleto y plantea modelos de crecimiento inadecuados. El 31% de
los documentos tiene más de 20 años y, en muchos de los casos, aunque con grandes diferencias territoriales, los modelos urbanos y de crecimiento son expansivos y
presentan expectativas y potenciales de crecimiento altas. De hecho, de consolidarse
las áreas de desarrollo previstas, el suelo urbano de los municipios objeto de estudio
podría aumentar en un 85% y su parque de viviendas en un 45%. Todo ello lleva a
cuestionar la sostenibilidad y la bondad de unos modelos urbanos y de crecimiento
especulativos y expectantes a la espera de un cambio en la dinámica del ciclo de inmobiliario y de urbanización.This contribution seeks to characterise current municipal urban planning in urban
areas structured by medium-sized cities, specifically analysing the extent of their
territorial coverage, the year in which their city model was approved, and the growth that they have experienced. Based on an analysis of urban data provided by the
Sistema de Información Urbano from MITMA, 2018, we reached the conclusion that,
despite its large territorial coverage, first-scale urban planning is largely obsole te in these areas and offers inadequate models for growth. 31% of the documents
studied were over 20 years old and, in many cases, despite considerable differences
in territorial size, the urban and growth models were expansive and presented expectations and potential for high levels of growth. In fact, if the areas foreseen for
development are consolidated, the amount of urban land in the municipalities that
were studied could increase by 85% and their areas of housing by 45%. All of this
leads us to question the sustainability and value of speculative urban models and
expectations for growth which depend on a change in the dynamics of the property
and urbanisation cycle
La catedral en el imaginario festivo burgalés: espacio y poder en el reinado de Felipe III
No full textEl Concilio de Trento potenció el poder episcopal, lo que permitió el reforzamiento de la imagen de las respectivas sedes diocesanas, encarnadas en su correspondiente templo catedralicio. Estos edificios, que dominaban el espacio y los tiempos, se hacían presentes, de forma especial, en las ceremonias festivas, microcosmos de encuentros e, incluso, desencuentros, que representan una de las expresiones más complejas y totalizadoras de la jerarquizada sociedad barroca. Todo ello se pone de manifiesto durante el reinado de Felipe III y encuentra un elocuente testimonio en la ciudad de Burgos que fue, durante este periodo, escenario de numerosas celebraciones y festejos, y donde el Concejo y el Cabildo catedralicio medirían sus fuerzas en una ciudad cada vez más sacralizada, a la sombra de su catedral.The episcopal power was reinforced by the Council of Trent. It allowed the strengtheming of the image of the respective episcopal sees and its cathedrals. These buildings dominated the space and the times, and they were an important protagonist of the festive ceremonies and a place of meetings and disagreement. It represents one of the most complex expressions of the hierarchical Baroque society, as exemplified by the reing of Felipe III. The city of Burgos is an eloquent testimony of this, because it was the scene of numerous celebrations. They were used by the Council and the Cathedral Chapter to measure their forces
Emerging technologies in inclusive education: virtual reality and augmented reality. Fordysvar European project
No full textEn esta contribución se presenta el trabajo realizado dentro del proyecto Europeo Erasmus+ FORDYSVAR, cuyo objetivo principal es contribuir a la inclusión educativa de los estudiantes con dislexia, en edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 16 años, mediante el uso de tecnologías emergentes, concretamente la Realidad Virtual (RV) y la Realidad Aumentada (RA) para mejorar el acceso, la participación y los logros educativos de los estudiantes con esta dificultad de aprendizaje. El propósito es generar un entorno de aprendizaje lúdico, divertido y seguro consiguiendo de esta manera un mayor compromiso hacia el tratamiento y mejorando su calidad de vida. Entre los resultados derivados de este proyecto se encuentra el diseño y creación de una aplicación de RV y RA que contribuya al aprendizaje de estudiantes con dislexia a partir del Diseño Centrado en el Usuario como metodología. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento permiten concluir que las tecnologías emergentes (RV y RA), son una interesante vía de tratamiento ya que ofrecen un entorno lúdico, seguro, controlado y motivador para los estudiantes con dislexia.This contribution presents the work carried out within the EuropeanErasmus + FORDYSVAR project, whose main objective is to contribute to the educational inclusionof students with dyslexia, aged between 10 and 16 years, through the use of emerging technologies,specifically the Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to improve access, participation andeducational achievements of students with this learning disability. The purpose is to create a playful, fun and safe learning environment, thus achieving a greater commitment to treatment andimproving their quality of life. Among the results derived from this project is the design and creationof a VR and AR application that contributes to the learning of students with dyslexia using UserCentered Design as a methodology. The results obtained so far allow us to conclude that emergingtechnologies (VR and AR) are an interesting treatment route since they offer a playful, safe, controlled and motivating environment for students with dyslexia.Este trabajo ha sido cofinanciado por el programa Erasmus+ de la Unión Europea mediante el proyecto 2018-1-ES01-KA201-050659
DUOGLOBE: One‐Year Outcomes in a Real‐World Study of Levodopa Carbidopa Intestinal Gel for Parkinson's Disease
No full textBackground:Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an established treatment for improvingmotor and some non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Prospectivelong-term data in routine clinical practice are limited.ObjectiveObjective:Assess LCIG effectiveness and safety in patients with advanced PD after 12 months during real-worldroutine clinical practice.MethodsMethods:Duodopa/Duopa in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease—a global observational studyevaluating long-term effectiveness (DUOGLOBE) (NCT02611713) is an ongoing, prospective, multinational,observational study of LCIG-naïve patients treated as part of routine clinical practice; 3 years of follow-up areplanned. The primary outcome is the change in patient-reportedofftime. Other assessments include theUnified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Parkinson’s Disease Sleep scale(PDSS-2), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), caregiver burden, and seriousadverse events (SAEs). Outcomes from baseline to month (M) 12 are presented.ResultsResults:In this 12-month follow-up, patients (N=195) had baseline characteristics similar to other LCIG studies.Significant improvements (mean change to M12) were observed inofftime ( 3.9 3.6 hr/day,P< 0.001),dyskinesia assessed using the UDysRS ( 9.6 22.5,P< 0.001), NMSS ( 23.1 41.4,P< 0.001), sleep andsleepiness symptoms on the PDSS-2 ( 6.5 12.2,P< 0.001) and ESS ( 1.0 5.7,P< 0.05), HR-QoL ( 9.0 21.6,P< 0.001), and caregiver burden ( 1.9 6.7,P=0.008). Overall, 40.5% (n=79) of patients experienced SAEs;fall (n=6; 3.1%) and urinary tract infection (n=6; 3.1%) were SAEs reported in≥3% of patients.ConclusionsConclusions:These 12-month outcome data show sustained, long-term improvements and support the real-world effectiveness of LCIG in patients with advanced PD. Safety was consistent with previous studies
A perspectiva caleidoscópica em Let the Great World Spin (2009) de Colum McCann: trauma e transculturalidade
No full textThis article argues that Colum McCann’s novel Let the Great World Spin (2009) epitomizes the Irish transcultural novel. It portrays transculturality through a considerable diversity of damaged characters who bond to overcome a common trauma. By engaging with transcultural, transnational, and postmulticultural theories, this article analyses some of the literary features of McCann’s formal experimentation that eventually alleviate pain and foster tolerance and empathy among people with different backgrounds. Then, it explores the universalisation of trauma, where the local is made global and the characters deploy similar responses when exposed to traumatic situations. The novel, an attempt to find grace after the trauma of 9/11, presents many characters who advocate for plural perspectives and, as a kaleidoscope, it brings to the centre of the narrative the differences among people and opens possibilities for beautiful and new configurations.Este artigo explica por que o romance Let the Great World Spin (2009) de Colum McCann exemplifica de maneira inequívoca o romance transcultural irlandês. A transculturalidade é mostrada no romance por meio de personagens muito diversos que se unem para superar um trauma. Fazendo uma conexão entre as teorias transcultural, transnational e pós-multicultural, este artigo analisa algumas das características literárias da experimentação formal de McCann que objetiva aliviar a dor e promover a tolerância e a empatia entre pessoas diferentes. O romance explora a universalização do trauma, onde o local é transformado em global e os personagens apresentam reações semelhantes quando expostos a situações traumáticas. Como uma tentativa de McCann de encontrar beleza após o trauma dos ataques de 11 de setembro, o romance apresenta vários personagens que advogam em prol de perspectivas plurais e, como um caleidoscópio, traz para o centro da narrativa as diferenças entre pessoas e abrepossibilidades para novas e belas configuraçõe
Validación española del “Inventario de Instantánea Vital”
No full textIntroduction:The Life Snapshot Inventory (LSI) is a self-report instrumentto measure the meaningful vital, personal, and social directions. It was cre-ated in the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy as a continuous evaluation ofvital changes in areas of life (family, work, love, spirituality, sexuality, health,etc.).Objective:The aim was to validate its psychometric characteristicsfor the first time.Method:This study involved 530 participants (averageage 33 years), in a Spanish sample. The questionnaire has been comparedwith the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to obtain convergent validity.Results:The results showed a high internal consistency (α=.93) and acorrelation of .61, both statistically significant. The factorial analysis showedonly one factor (43.56% of variance). In addition, it was sensitive to changesdue to interventions, and made it possible to differentiate those people withvital problems.Conclusion:This questionnaire could be a helpful measurefor healthcare and clinical contexts.Introducción:El Inventario de Instantánea Vital (Life Snapshot Inventory;LSI) es un instrumento de autoinforme para medir las direcciones sociales,personales y vitales significativas para el individuo. Se ha creado desde laPsicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) como una evaluación continua de loscambios en diversas áreas de la vida de un individuo (familia, trabajo, amor,espiritualidad, sexualidad, salud, etc.).Objetivo:Validar por primera vezlas características psicométricas de este instrumento.Metodología:Esteestudio implicó una muestra española donde participaron 530 personas (edadmedia 33 años). El cuestionario se ha comparado con la Escala de Autoestimade Rosenberg (RSES) para obtener validez convergente.Resultados:Losresultados mostraron una alta fiabilidad como consistencia interna (α=.93)y una correlación de .61, ambas estadísticamente significativas. El análisisfactorial mostró un único factor (43.56% de la varianza). Además, elinstrumento fue sensible a los cambios originados por la intervención, ypermitió diferenciar aquellas personas con problemas vitales.Conclusión:Este cuestionario podría ser una medida de gran ayuda para utilizar encontextos clínicos y sanitarios
Fundamentos y aplicaciones clínicas de FACT: Una intervención para abordar el sufrimiento humano a través de terapias contextuales
No full textEl número de aproximaciones terapéuticas para abordar el sufrimiento humano continúa creciendo, mientras la sociedad se encuentra cada vez más anestesiada, aferrándose a soluciones hedónicas que solo funcionan a corto plazo
Diagnosis of Broken Rotor Bars during the Startup of Inverter-Fed Induction Motors Using the Dragon Transform and Functional ANOVA
No full textA proper diagnosis of the state of an induction motor is of great interest to industry given the great importance of the extended use of this motor. Presently, the use of this motor driven by a frequency converter is very widespread. However, operation by means of an inverter introduces certain difficulties for a correct diagnosis, which results in a signal with higher harmonic content and noise level, which makes it difficult to perform a correct diagnosis. To solve these problems, this article proposes the use of a time-frequency technique known as Dragon Transform together with the functional ANOVA statistical technique to carry out a proper diagnosis of the state of the motor by working directly with the curves obtained from the application of the transform. A case study is presented showing the good results obtained by applying the methodology in which the state of the rotor bars of an inverter-fed motor is diagnosed considering three failure states and operating at different load levels.This research has been partially funded by the University of Valladolid