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El republicanismo en el espacio ibérico contemporáneo
No full textLa historia de la democracia en el espacio ibérico es inseparable de los pioneros esfuerzos del movimiento republicano por ensanchar la esfera pública y construir una sociedad de ciudadanos iguales en derechos y oportunidades. El estudio de las culturas republicanas en la historia contemporánea de Portugal y España se ha consolidado como una importante corriente de investigación en las últimas décadas. Evaluar la distancia recorrida era una tarea inaplazable que este volumen ha pretendido alcanzar. Sin embargo, esta aproximación historiográfica quedaría incompleta sin una exploración de las líneas de investigación que el republicanismo ofrece en la actualidad. Con este fin, se presentan un conjunto de trabajos que abren novedosas vías de análisis desde el marco local.Cet ouvrage se veut un bilan inédit des études locales réalisées sur les républicanismes ibériques entre leurs premières manifestations au xix° siècle et la proclamation de la II° République espagnole en 1931. Il met en lumière la richesse des historiographies propres à chaque territoire de la péninsule Ibérique, Portugal compris, et permet, ce faisant, de décloisonner des espaces scientifiques qui se méconnaissent. Il propose également une série de pistes de recherche pour évaluer à nouveaux frais, et sous des angles différents, l’importance du républicanisme dans la péninsule Ibérique
Application of a Fuzzy Inference System for Optimization of an Amplifier Design
No full textSimulation programs are widely used in the design of analog electronic circuits to analyze their behavior and to predict the response of a circuit to variations in the circuit components. A fuzzy inference system (FIS) in combination with these simulation tools can be applied to identify both the main and interaction effects of circuit parameters on the response variables, which can help to optimize them. This paper describes an application of fuzzy inference systems to modeling the behavior of analog electronic circuits for further optimization. First, a Monte Carlo analysis, generated from the tolerances of the circuit components, is performed. Once the Monte Carlo results are obtained for each of the response variables, the fuzzy inference systems are generated and then optimized using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. These fuzzy inference systems are used to determine the influence of the circuit components on the response variables and to select them to optimize the amplifier design. The methodology proposed in this study can be used as the basis for optimizing the design of similar analog electronic circuits
Global Perspective on Telemedicine for Parkinson’s Disease
No full textRevisiónTelemedicine programs are particularly suited to evaluating patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other movement disorders, primarily because much of the physical exam findings are visual. Telemedicine uses information and communication technologies to overcome geographical barriers and increase access to healthcare service. It is particularly beneficial for rural and underserved communities, groups that traditionally suffer from lack of access to healthcare. There is a growing evidence of the feasibility of telemedicine, cost and time savings, patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction, and its outcome and impact on patients’ morbidity and quality of life. In addition, given the unusual current situation with the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has offered the opportunity to address the ongoing healthcare needs of patients with PD, to reduce in-person clinic visits, and human exposures (among healthcare workers and patients) to a range of infectious diseases including COVID-19. However, there are still several challenges to widespread implementation of telemedicine including the limited performance of parts of the neurological exam, limited technological savvy, fear of loss of a personal connection, or uneasiness about communicating sensitive information. On the other hand, while we are facing the new wave of COVID-19 pandemic, patients and clinicians are gaining increasing experience with telemedicine, facilitating equity of access to specialized multidisciplinary care for PD. This article summarizes and reviews the current state and future directions of telemedicine from a global perspective
Simulación y análisis de tráfico dentro del estudio informativo de la Autovía Orbital B-40 en Barcelona
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosA la hora de planificar nuevas vías, es importante utilizar todas las herramientas que estén a
nuestro alcance para optimizar su diseño, de modo que no caigamos en infra o
sobredimensionamientos, que pueden provocar un funcionamiento peor al esperado o un
coste mucho mayor al necesario, respectivamente. Por ello, las herramientas de
macrosimulación de tráfico pueden ser un interesante apoyo para este fin.
En el presente artículo, se va a exponer un caso práctico en el que el empleo de dichas
herramientas informáticas ha permitido realizar un dimensionamiento más idóneo en cuanto
al número de carriles de una nueva vía. En concreto, se trata del Estudio Informativo de la
Autovía Orbital B-40, en el que se han utilizado técnicas de macrosimulación de tráfico para
estimar las captaciones de demanda de las diferentes alternativas consideradas, y para
finalmente calcular el Nivel de Servicio previsto en cada una de ellas en los diferentes
horizontes temporales establecidos.
Los resultados obtenidos han permitido afinar el diseño de dicha Autovía, y la metodología
empleada puede ser un ejemplo válido para otros casos de estudio similares.Este artículo está basado en el Proyecto de Investigación denominado “Simulación y Análisis de Tráfico dentro del Estudio Informativo de la Autovía Orbital B-40”, contratado por la empresa GPYO INNOVA, S.L. la elaboración del citado Estudio de Tráfico, y realizado por Universidad de Burgos
Analysis of the vehicle-bicycles interaction on two-lane rural roads using a driving simulator based on field data
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe presence of cyclists on Spanish two-lane rural roads is common, so they have to
interact with motor vehicles. Due to the speed differential and vulnerability of cyclists,
overtaking is one of the most dangerous and frequent interactions. Therefore, a minimum
distance of 1.5 m must be observed. The overtaking manoeuvre depends on road section
and cyclist group distribution. Interaction between cyclists and vehicles has been
characterized in the past but overtaking to cyclist groups has barely been studied. This
study uses a driving simulator to analyse how the presence of cyclists and their group
configuration affect traffic operation and safety on two-lane rural roads. A fixed driving
simulator has been adapted to incorporate cyclists, using speed and lateral position
obtained from field studies. Based on field data, a physical scenario and different traffic
scenarios have been recreated, so volunteers can drive the simulator – emulating a motor
vehicle – tracking their speed, lateral position, and other variables. These results can be
compared to those observed for checking the validity of this methodology. The driving
simulator offers some results which are difficult to obtain through other methodologies,
enabling a better analysis of the phenomenon. By sorting different bicycle patterns and
including several volunteers, the impact of bicycle pelotons on traffic performance and
safety can be characterized. This will help in offering recommendations to integrate
cyclists and motor vehicles in a safer way.This study was part of a research project titled “Improvement of safety and operation of twolane rural roads with cyclists (Bike2Lane)” (TRA 2016-8089-R) subsidized by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. In addition, the authors would like to thank the Road Department of the Valencian Provincial Council, and General Directorate of Traffic of Spain, for their cooperation in field data gathering
Assessing sim racing software for low-cost driving simulator to road geometric research
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosIn last years, driving simulators have had an increasing use in researching highway
geometric design. However, research simulators have high costs. A possible solution to
avoid these costs is using videogame simulators. Videogame racing simulators have
achieved high quality with a moderate cost. Some of these games include very detailed
models that describe very accurately the performance of the simulated vehicles. In addition,
they provide very realistic images of the car, the highway and their surroundings.
With the aim of using them as research tools, several of the most popular games have been
analysed. Two of them have been selected: rFactor2 and Assetto Corsa. Also, a 3D model
of a section of an actual highway has been made and adapted to be used by the
aforementioned games. Some tests have been conducted using a custom computer system,
and the modelled highway section, with both game simulators. From these tests results, both
sim racing software can be used to build a low cost driving simulator useful for road
geometric design research
Impacto en la aceptabilidad y reparto modal de las medidas para mejorar la calidad del aire en Madrid Central
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosLas ciudades han intensificado la implementación de Zonas de Bajas Emisiones (ZBE)
para mejorar la vida urbana a partir de la mejora de la calidad del aire. En este contexto, se
ha prestado limitada atención tanto a la aceptabilidad de las medidas adoptadas como al
efecto producido sobre los patrones de viaje. Este estudio lleva a cabo un enfoque de
modelización para conocer el impacto de cinco grupos de variables (características
socioeconómicas y demográficas, actitudes personales, variables relacionadas con el viaje,
percepciones y hábitos de movilidad relacionados con la ZBE y elección modal en la ZBE)
en la aceptabilidad pública y en el cambio modal hacia modos de transporte más
sostenibles. La ciudad de Madrid ha servido como caso de estudio debido a la reciente
implementación de Madrid Central. Los datos para realizar los modelos de elección
discreta se han obtenido de una encuesta con un total de 799 participantes. Los resultados
muestran el poder explicativo de la conciencia ambiental, el modo de transporte más
utilizado, el uso de sistemas de movilidad compartida y la frecuencia de viaje a Madrid
Central en cuanto a la aceptabilidad pública así como el impacto de la ZBE en la reducción
del uso del vehículo privado y la promoción de modos de transporte sostenibles,
relacionados principalmente a las características sociodemográficas y a los hábitos de
movilidad y las percepciones hacia la ZBE. Estos resultados pueden extrapolarse a otras
ciudades en el contexto internacional y servir a los responsables políticos para comprender
mejor los factores que influyen en la efectividad de las políticas de transporte.Esta investigación se ha desarrollado dentro del proyecto Co-Mov [Y2018/EMT-4818], cofinanciado por la Comunidad de Madrid (España), el Fondo Social Europeo y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional
The potential impact of using travel apps as a tool to reduce car use in cities. A literature review
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de Burgos64% of total trip-km are made in urban environments and these phenomena threaten urban
sustainability (Van Audenhove et al. 2014). In the last decades, cities have been applying
different policy measures to reduce car use. But they have notable limitations and usually
produced small impacts (Sunio y Schmöcker 2017).
Smartphone has emerged as a promising alternative tool to enhance the effects of the
policy interventions, because it can overcome several limitations and improve their
efficient adoption of sustainable options. Travel apps can be very useful because they
provide accurate and real-time information. In addition, user-created information could
greatly reinforce information from operators.
A review of the literature of 98 recent papers was performed. It had two main objectives:
which factors influence commuters to use travel apps; and second, what persuasive
interventions supported by travel apps produce changes towards a more sustainable
mobility behavior.
Some facets offered by apps are effective for changing travel behaviour: individualized
advice, feedback on one's own behavior and social comparisons between users. The
GoEco! experimental travel app, provided feedback and social comparisons on travel
behavior among users (Cellina et al. 2019). It was found to produce a statistically
significant change in individual mobility patterns.
Travel apps remain underutilized, especially in suburban travel. Scholars found factors that
influence app usage: curiosity, expectations of increased utility, attractive design and
performance attributes are influence factor for app usage.
In contrast, environmental motives, privacy (desire not to share information) and age (older
people are less likely to adopt apps) do not influence or do so not significantly.
The findings of the literature review show that, moreover, to increase apps usage, app
design and implementation requires different strategies for each segment of the population.
There are groups of people who are more likely to use apps (e.g., technophiles and young
people)
Optimization of the powertrain of electric vehicles for a given route
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe global challenge to reduce emissions of polluting gases and greenhouse gases has forced
the development of alternatives to the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, such
as electric or hybrid vehicles.
The electric powertrain are the most efficient for delivery trucks or urban buses, due to
acceleration and deceleration patterns make them inefficient for using internal combustion
engines. Despite this, its range and purchase cost are the main factors limiting the use of
electric vehicles in these applications.
Range and purchase cost of an electric vehicles are mainly related to the energy storage
system. Therefore, the optimum size of the battery pack should be considered as the design
goal of a vehicle when its application is known.
This paper presents a methodology to optimize the battery pack of an electric vehicle
according to a given route run in a target time. Therefore, it would be applicable to delivery
vehicles, buses and any vehicle whose route and travel time are known in advance. The
proposed methodology allows minimizing the energy consumption by determining the
optimal powertrain ratio for a given track, setting the travel time as an objective. A full
vehicle model and a multi-objective genetic algorithms are used for this matter.This work was supported by the University Institute of Industrial Technology of Asturias (IUTA)
Quantification of transport offer linked to a european hyperloop network
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosHyperloop is the modern and environmentally friendly update of an idea that has been in
people's head for more than 200 years, since Medhurst presented the first patents. When
"Hyperloop Alpha" was published by Elon Musk in August 2013, the best trained labour
force, the most capable financial capital and the bravest governments and institutions, moved
forward to make it a reality.
Currently, there isn’t any scientific publications that address with enough detail, and without
self-bias, the transport offer linked to specific networks of this new mode. This paper
presents an approach to an operational plan in the exploitation phase for a specific Hyperloop
network in Europe.
About the proposed network, with an extension over 12,000 kilometres, the authors will
analyse its social and economic benefits based on GDP and the directly connected
population, describe its design parameters (radii of curvature, acceleration, deceleration and
constant speed zones), outline the demand using simple gravity models, propose an annual
service calendar with schedules and frequencies differentiated by country, and present the
main magnitudes associated with its operation.
In addition, the presentation will show the results of the research carried out on the main
obstacle that the Hyperloop implementation will pose in the future: the number of tubes
needed per direction vs. the transport capacity of each capsule or pod