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Soft fault diagnosis in analog electronic circuits using supervised machine learning
No full textAnalog circuits are commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, and their assessment is of great importance to ensure proper functionality and prevent faults. However, this task is not as fully developed and is significantly less advanced compared to the assessment of digital circuits, as soft faults are particularly difficult to detect in analog circuits. This study addresses the application of supervised classification techniques for the detection and classification of soft faults in analog circuits. A feature extraction methodology is proposed based on voltage measurements at key circuit points and across different frequencies, enabling precise characterization of system behavior. From this feature, a benchmark employing different machine learning methods was used. The evaluated classifiers include k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Discriminant Analysis Classifier (DAC), Classification Decision Tree (CDT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Each model was optimized through hyperparameter tuning and validated using cross-validation techniques. The results indicate that ANN and SVM achieved the best performance, attaining an accuracy of 97.92 % and 97.22 % on test data, with a global Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 97.76 % and 97.01 %, respectively. Although RF obtained the highest training accuracy (99.39 %), its performance significantly dropped during testing (93.06 %, MCC of 92.52 %), indicating overfitting. Additionally, models such as KNN and DAC demonstrated solid performance, whereas NB and CDT were the least effective. These findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting both the feature set and the classification model for fault detection in electronic circuits. A Sallen-Key band-pass filter was used as the circuit under test (CUT), as soft fault classification in this type of circuit is particularly challenging. This study demonstrates that it is possible to accurately predict faults in circuits similar to the one analyzed
Factores que fomentan la percepción de adicción a los videojuegos entre los usuarios de consolas y smartphones
No full textPurpose. This study aims to determine whether perceived addiction to video games is affected by the type of device used to play (smartphone versus console), paying special attention to the drivers for playing. Considering the theoretical framework of motivation, a structural model is proposed that considers three drivers (self-efficacy, challenge, and need for escapism) and an inhibitor (subjective norms) to explain the time spent on video games and perceived addiction. Methodology. We used a minimum partial squares (PLS) approach to estimate the structural equation model using first-hand information from 547 gamers in Spain. Findings. The results suggest that, regardless of the user’s device, the two main factors determining whether they perceive being addicted to video games are the amount of time they spend playing and their need for escapism. We found that, specifically for console gamers, perceived self-efficacy and challenge affected how much time they spent playing. The perception of videogame addiction has increased because of the need for escapism, especially among smartphone gamers, because gaming applications and smartphones are portable and allow infinite time and space usage. Contribution. This work contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the ype of device video gamers use and determining that there are indeed differences in how self-efficacy and challenge variables influence the time spent playing and perception of addiction. However, the need for escapism is the most determining factor for the perception of addiction to video games in players with both devicesPropósito. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si la adicción percibida a los videojuegos se ve afectada por el tipo de dispositivo utilizado para jugar (smartphone versus consola), prestando especial atención a los factores que motivan a jugar. Considerando el marco teórico de la motivación, se propone un modelo estructural que considera tres impulsores (autoeficacia, desafío y necesidad de escapismo) y un inhibidor (normas subjetivas) para explicar el tiempo dedicado a los videojuegos y la adicción percibida. Metodología. Utilizamos un enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) para estimar el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con información de primera mano de 547 jugadores en España. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que, independientemente del dispositivo del usuario, los dos factores principales que determinan que se perciba adicción a los videojuegos son la cantidad de tiempo dedicado a jugar y la necesidad de escapismo. Encontramos que, específicamente para los jugadores con consola, su autoeficacia percibida y el desafío afectan a la cantidad de tiempo que pasan jugando. En el caso de la percepción de la adicción a los videojuegos, ésta se incrementa debido a la necesidad de escapismo, especialmente entre los jugadores con móvil, porque las aplicaciones de juegos y el propio teléfono móvil son portátiles y permiten un uso sin límites de tiempo y espacio. Aporte original. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura existente al centrarse en el tipo de dispositivo que utilizan los video jugadores y determina que, efectivamente, existen diferencias en cómo las variables de autoeficacia y desafío influyen en el tiempo dedicado a jugar y la percepción de adicción. Sin embargo, la necesidad de escapismo es el factor más determinante para percibir adicción a los videojuegos en jugadores con ambos dispositivos.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [PID2023-148263OA-I00; PID2021-123004NB-I00]; and by Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (Spain) (ORDEN EDU/1494/2024) for Research Group I+M+i
Long-term mechanical performance of concrete with high amounts of wind turbine blade mixed waste: Analysis of temporal evolution mechanisms
No full textFiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) was manufactured by the addition of high percentages of mechanically recycled wind-turbine blades, known as Raw-Crushed Wind-Turbine Blade (RCWTB). This sustainable material was added as aggregate replacement up to 10 % vol., while keeping the cement content equal for all mixes, and the effects on several fields were evaluated. First, strength (compressive, tensile splitting and flexural testing) and stiffness were evaluated at 7, 28, 90 and 180 days of age. Results showed that low RCWTB contents improved compressive (above 60 MPa) and tensile strengths (over 6.50 MPa under bending) due to enhanced matrix compactness. Nevertheless, the large proportions of deformable particles when using high RCWTB contents slightly hindered mechanical performance. Second, temporal strength development mechanism was evaluated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on specimens that underwent mechanical testing and explained through schematics by the authors. This analysis revealed that the porous particles of RCWTB, acting as water reservoirs, accelerated matrix hydration and improved Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZ) around the Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) fibers of RCWTB, globally enhancing early-age strength. Third, low RCWTB levels improved abrasion resistance (up to 14.73 %), while high contents reduced surface quality but maintained acceptable performance. Finally, thermal conductivity remained stable following RCWTB incorporation at low levels and increased at higher contents (up to 35.75 %) but remained within typical FRC ranges. Therefore, this research ensures proper early-age and long-term overall performance of FRC produced with RCWTB, enhancing sustainability while yielding an improved concrete material suitable for a wide variety of applications.This research work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MICIU, AEI, EU, ERDF and NextGenerationEU/PRTR [grant numbers PID2023-146642OB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; TED2021-129715B-I00; FPU21/ 04364]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant number UIC-231; BU033P23; BU066-22]; and, finally, the University of Burgos [grant number SUCONS, Y135.GI]
Influenza A virus NS1 protein mimics oncogenic PI3K resulting in isoform specific cellular redistribution and activation
No full textThe nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus performs a broad variety of
proviral activities in the infected cell, primarily mediating evasion from the host innate
immune response by being the main viral interferon antagonist. However, there are
several interactions whose biological relevance remains obscure, such as the ability of
NS1 to bind and activate class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases
(PI3Ks). PI3Ks are highly
regulated lipid kinases that act as critical nodes in multiple cell signaling networks and
are also important proto-oncogenes.
This activation is mediated by NS1 binding specifically
to the p85β subunit. To better understand the consequences of this interaction, we
developed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay to selectively track
the different PI3K heterodimers and, using this system, we found that NS1 induces an
isoform-specific
relocation and activation of the different PI3K heterodimers. We found
that clinically relevant oncogenic mutations in both catalytic and regulatory subunits of
PI3K could mimic the effect caused by NS1, and partially rescue the loss of viral fitness
in a recombinant virus encoding a p85β-binding
deficient NS1.We thank Richard Cadagan, Elena Moreno, and Sara El Zahed for technical assistance. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed at the Icahn School of Medicine Microscopy Shared Resource facility. This work was partly supported by CRIPT (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission), a NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR, contract #75N93021C00014) to A.G.- S. The work was also partially supported by the Swiss NSF (Grant 31003A_159993 to B.G.H.) and the Cancer Research Society (CRS- CRS- 1052949 to J.E.B.)
Guía básica para el uso de la inteligencia artificial generativa: transformando el futuro de la salud digital
No full textCurso de IA para salud y economía "Silver " realizado por el grupo de investigación DINper de la Universidad de Burgos, dentro del proyecto DIRTTE¡Bienvenido a un programa pionero de formación especializada que te sitúa en la
vanguardia de la revolución tecnológica más importante de nuestra era!. La
Universidad de Burgos presenta este curso de 100 horas diseñado específicamente
para profesionales que buscan liderar la transformación digital del crucial sector
sociosanitario
UBU-Polymers Research Group 21032024
No full textThis work presents a new polymeric material in the form of a film (FLAC) containing immobilized laccase enzyme
through diazo bonds, designed for the degradation of indigo carmine dye, which is highly toxic and commonly
found in wastewater from the textile industry. The immobilization of the enzyme in the film was characterized by
SEM, FT-IR, DSC, TGA and EDXS. The degradation of the dye by FLAC initiates in the presence of a mediator due
to the high redox potential of the dye. Six natural mediators (ferulic acid, syringaldazine, guaiacol, eugenol,
thymol, and p-coumaric acid) were tested, and complete degradation of the dye was achieved in 180 min, with a
mediator concentration of 1 ppm (syringaldazine) and a dye concentration of 10 ppm. A novelty in this study is
the short exposure time of the dye-mediator solution to FLAC (15 min) which allowed the degradation process to
continue autonomously after the film was removed. Additionally, it was observed that the material was more
effective in the presence of textile washing products, achieving over 99 % degradation in 40 min, surpassing its
efficacy in distilled water. Regarding reusability, the material retained >90 % of its activity after five cycles of
use and washing. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) identified key levers for
techno-economic and environmental viability: shorten cycle time (surfactant media), maximise re-use and percycle
volume/concentration, implement solvent recovery, and energy decarbonization thereby outlining a
roadmap to sustainable scale-up.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by all funders. Author S. Vallejos received Grant PID2023-147301OB-I00 and Grant 3101166576-166576-29-325 funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/ 501100011033 and FEDER, EU. The financial support provided by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF) and Regional Government of Castilla y Le´on -Consejería de Educaci´on, Junta de Castilla y Le´on- (BU025P23) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y Le´on (Junta de Castilla y Le´on) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR. J. L. Vallejo-García received the grant PRE2021-09812 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. Author Saul Vallejos received grant BG22/00086 funded by Spanish Ministerio de Universidades
Extracción de la fracción proteica de cascarilla de soja mediante agua subcrítica para su valorización
No full textLa cascarilla de soja, un residuo lignocelulósico de la industria agroalimentaria, contiene
una fracción proteica significativa. Se propuso la valorización de este subproducto
mediante la extracción de su fracción proteica utilizando agua subcrítica (SW). Se
optimizó el proceso evaluando el efecto de la temperatura (150-200 ºC), el tiempo (120-
240 min) y la adición de bicarbonato de sodio. Los resultados mostraron que el
tratamiento a 150 ºC fue el más eficiente para la obtención de aminoácidos totales,
logrando un balance entre eficiencia de extracción y sostenibilidad
energética. Temperaturas más elevadas (180 ºC y 200 ºC) causaron degradación
térmica de los compuestos nitrogenados. La adición de bicarbonato de sodio duplicó la
liberación de aminoácidos libres a 150 ºC, facilitando la hidrólisis en un medio alcalino. El
extracto obtenido a 200 ºC presentó la mayor capacidad antioxidanteSoybean hulls, a lignocellulosic residue from the agri-food industry, contain a significant
protein fraction. This byproduct was valorized by extracting its protein fraction using
subcritical water (SW). The process was optimized by evaluating the effect of
temperature (150-200 ºC), time (120-240 min), and the addition of sodium
bicarbonate. Results showed that the 150 ºC treatment was the most efficient for
obtaining total amino acids, achieving a balance between extraction efficiency and
energy sustainability. Higher temperatures (180 ºC and 200 ºC) caused thermal
degradation of nitrogenous compounds. The addition of sodium bicarbonate doubled the
liberation of free amino acids at 150 ºC, facilitating hydrolysis in an alkaline medium. The
extract obtained at 200 ºC presented the highest antioxidant capacity
Morphological Influences and Energetic Walking Flexibility in Determining Preferred vs. Optimal Speeds: An Evolutionary Human Ecology Perspective on Children and Adolescents
No full textObjectives:
Locomotion is fundamental to the survival of our species. The most comfortable walking speed may be the most efficient for allocating conserved energy for other functions. However, whether preferred (PLS) and optimal (OLS) speeds align in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether OLS and PLS are similar in children and adolescents and how anthropometry influences both speeds and their differences.
Materials and Methods:
Eleven females and 17 males (8–17 years of age) were anthropometrically characterized. Five treadmill walking pace tests were used to identify the OLS and U-shaped relationship between energy expenditure and speed (χ2 CoT), indicating walking flexibility. Additionally, PLS was self-selected using the same protocol. Differences between OLS and PLS were calculated (mean difference [MD]).
Results:
No significant sex differences in anthropometry and speed-related variables were found. OLS, PLS, and their MD in the pooled sample were 3.05 ± 0.13, 2.46 ± 0.51, and 0.60 ± 0.46, respectively, with significant differences between OLS and PLS (p < 0.0001). Femur length (FL), Bi-iliac breadth (BIL), and χ2 CoT explained variance in OLS, PLS, and MD, respectively, in the forward stepwise regression models.
Discussion:
Unlike adults, OLS and PLS are not interchangeable in children and adolescents. Participants with lower χ2 CoT (greater flexibility) can select comfortable speeds farther from OLS without energetic penalty. Taller individuals with longer femurs and wider hips might have biomechanical advantages in reaching higher OLS and PLS, but this reduces flexibility. These traits, along with the growth and development pattern of Homo sapiens, may reflect evolutionary advantages relevant to interspecies competition.G.Z.R. benefited from Margarita Salas's postdoctoral grants program funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the European Union - Next Generation EU and FSE+ [JDC2023-051295-I] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. O.P.N. was funded by a Virginia Tech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship (2022-2024). K.H.R. was funded by a Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program Predoctoral Fellowship
The 19th-century debate on women’s rights in the papers Las Dominicales del Librepensamiento
No full textEste trabajo es una aproximación a las diferentes posiciones que sobre los derechos de las
mujeres encontramos en el semanario Las Dominicales del librepensamiento. Presentamos las opiniones de
destacadas librepensadoras que formaron parte de la nutrida nómina de articulistas de un rotativo que supo
aglutinar, desde su fundación en 1883 hasta su extinción en 1909, el pensamiento de las fuerzas heterodoxas
de nuestro país. Se incide especialmente en el debate en torno al derecho de la educación de las mujeres.This paper is an approach to the different views on women’s rights that can be found in the weekly
newspaper Las Dominicales del librepensamiento (Weekly papers of freethinking). This article presents the
opinions of outstanding free thinkers who were part of a great large list of columnists of a newspaper, which
brought together, from its foundation in 1883 to its close-down in 1909, the thought of the heterodox forces
of our country. Special emphasis is placed on the debate about women´s education