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Conductas sexuales de riesgo, sexismo y prejuicios hacia la diversidad sexual en estudiantes de educación superior: análisis de variables relacionadas y validación de instrumentos de evaluación en inglés y en español
No full textLa presente investigación sobre sexualidad humana aglutina un conjunto de estudios
centrados en medir la sexualidad en futuros profesionales de diferentes
ramas disciplinares de conocimiento. El análisis y la indagación de las actitudes y
conductas hacia la sexualidad es uno de los objetivos educativos clave a nivel mundial
para la promoción de la salud y la reducción de prejuicios sexuales. La investigación
tiene como objetivo principal examinar las competencias en sexualidad de los
estudiantes de Educación Superior antes de su transición a la práctica profesional,
comparando conductas sexuales de riesgo y actitudes hacia la apertura sexual, la
educación sexual, el sexo seguro, el sexismo y las minorías sexuales. Previamente a estos
estudios, se evaluó el concepto de salud global y se describieron cuantitativamente las
conductas y las predisposiciones sexuales en los estudiantes de ciclos formativos de
educación y sanidad y en los estudiantes universitarios de primero y cuarto curso de
Grado en Enfermería. También se realizaron estudios con enfoques cualitativos de estos
constructos en profesionales, principalmente de los sectores de salud y de educación,
en los que se abordaron temáticas relacionadas con la diversidad y las conductas
sexuales de riesgo. La mayor muestra con la que se realizaron los análisis cuantitativos
para la validación de las escalas estuvo compuesta por 1613 participantes, de los cuales
1048 residían en España con un rango de edad de 18 a 65 años (M =25.12, DT =7.38) y
565 residían en Reino Unido con un rango de 18 a 52 años (M = 21.70, DT = 4.28).
Estos participantes completaron un cuestionario compuesto por seis escalas
estandarizadas (HPSC, DSS, SOS, HATH, EANT y TIBS). Los estudiantes universitarios
británicos mostraron menores adherencias sexuales por género y los estudiantes
españoles presentaron actitudes más positivas hacia las minorías sexuales y el placer.
Además de estos hallazgos, los resultados globales que se obtuvieron del compendio de
los estudios indicaron que los estudiantes realizan un mayor número de conductas
sexuales de riesgo, tienen menores adherencias al doble estándar sexual y actitudes más
positivas hacia el placer sexual, la orientación homosexual y las personas trans que los
resultados de estudios anteriores. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas
en las conductas y actitudes sexuales en función del género, la edad, la religiosidad y el
curso universitario que resaltan la importancia de las normas socioculturales, es decir,
la influencia de la legislación y la educación de cada uno de estos países.
Por otro lado, se validaron dos escalas en español que evalúan las conductas sexuales
de riesgo (HPSC) y las conductas inclusivas hacia las personas trans (TIBS) y otra escala
en inglés que evalúa las actitudes negativas hacia las personas trans (EANT). Estas
escalas ayudan a medir las tendencias comportamentales y actitudinales que revelan
cuáles son las principales conductas de riesgo y prejuicios que están implícitos en
nuestra sociedad. Para concluir, este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de los
factores relacionados con los comportamientos y actitudes sexuales negativos,
poniendo de manifiesto la falta de formación sexual que no permite a los profesionales
abordarlo de manera cualificada. Estos hallazgos apoyan el desarrollo y la
implementación de estrategias de salud pública para prevenir e intervenir ante las
conductas sexuales de riesgo y contribuir a la reducción de predisposiciones negativas
hacia la sexualidad.The present research on human sexuality brings together a set of studies focused on
measuring sexuality in future professionals from different disciplinary branches of
knowledge. The analysis and inquiry of attitudes and behaviours towards sexuality is
becoming one of the most important educational objectives worldwide for the
improvement of health and the reduction of sexual prejudices. The main aim of the
research is to examine the sexuality competencies of Higher Education students before
their transition to professional practice, comparing risky sexual behaviours and attitudes
towards sexual openness, sexual education, safe sex, sexism and sexual
minorities. Previously to these studies, the concept of global health was evaluated, and
the
sexual behaviours and predispositions were described quantitatively in students
of educational and health training cycles and in incoming and outgoing
nursing undergraduates. Studies were also carried out with qualitative approaches to
these constructs in professionals mainly from the health and education sectors,
which addressed issues related to the sexual diversities and risky sexual conducts. The
largest sample with which the quantitative analyses were carried out for the validation
of scales was made up of 1613 participants, of which 1048 resided in Spain with an age
range of 18 to 65 years (M =25.12, SD =7.38) and 565 they resided in the United
Kingdom, with a range of 18 to 52 years (M = 21.70, SD = 4.28). These participants
completed a survey comprising six standardized scales (HPSC, DSS, SOS, HATH, EANT,
and TIBS). British university students showed less sexual adherence by gender
and Spanish students more positive attitudes towards sexual minorities and pleasure.
In addition to these findings, the global results obtained from the compendium of
studies indicated that students perform a greater number of risky sexual behaviours,
have fewer adherences to the sexual double standard and more positive attitudes
towards sexual pleasure, homosexual orientation and trans people than the results of
previous studies. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in sexual behaviours
and attitudes based on gender, age, religiosity and university course that highlight
the importance and influence of sociocultural norms, that is, the legislation and
education of each of these countries. On the other hand, it was conducted the validation
of two scales in Spanish that
assess risky sexual behaviours (HPSC) and inclusive behaviours towards trans and nonbinary people (TIBS) and another scale in English of negative attitudes towards trans
people (EANT). These studies help to measure the behavioural and attitudinal trends
that reveal the main risk behaviours and prejudices that are implicit in our society. To
conclude, this research contributes to the knowledge of the factors related to negative
sexual behaviours and attitudes, exposing the lack of sexual training that does not allow
professionals to address it in a qualified way. These findings support the development
and implementation of public health strategies to address the prevention and
intervention of these conducts and the reduction of negative predispositions towards
sexuality
Necesidades formativas en el cuidado de personas con diagnóstico complejo de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: propuesta y orientaciones sobre formación dirigida a familiares cuidadores
No full textLas enfermedades poco frecuentes requieren de cuidados especializados. La
Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) se conoce como una enfermedad relativamente
poco frecuente, a pesar de la baja prevalencia, un 0,4%, de las enfermedades
neurodegenerativas. Atender y cuidar a una persona diagnosticada de ELA supone
prestar cuidados continuados, ininterrumpidos y especializados.
Conocer este fenómeno directamente desde la experiencia de los familiares que
cuidan y las personas con ELA ha puesto de manifiesto la falta de apoyo familiar y
recursos especializados para el cuidado y atención que requiere una persona con ELA
y el familiar que asume el rol de cuidador en el entorno familiar.
Proponer orientaciones desde un planteamiento activo y participativo de los familiares
cuidadores y personas con ELA, que puedan ser aplicadas para mejorar aspectos
pendientes en torno a esta realidad haciéndoles impulsores de acciones que mejoren
su situación, es el objetivo de esta tesis.Rare diseases require specialized care. ALS is considered a relatively rare disease,
despite the low prevalence (0.4%) of neurodegenerative diseases. People diagnosed
with ALS require being looked after in a continuous, uninterrupted and specialized
manner.
This topic has been studied directly from the experience of the families and caregivers
of people diagnosed with ALS. This approach has revealed the lack of support for
those families and the lack of the specialized resources needed both by the person
diagnosed with ALS and the family members who become caregivers.
The aim of this thesis is to propose orientations to improve this reality. These
orientations must come from an active and participatory role of family caregivers and
people with ALS, so that they can become the driving force behind the actions that
improve their situation
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente y su proyección educadora en la escuela y en la sociedad española
No full textEl burgalés Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente es el más famoso conservacionista y divulgador
de la naturaleza del siglo XX de España. Sus aportaciones a la cultura española de la
pasada centuria han sido reconocidas desde diferentes ámbitos y, en buena parte, han sido
recogidas por la sociedad actual. Ante su figura surgen preguntas como ¿cuál ha sido y
es la proyección educadora de Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente?, o ¿cómo ha influido en la
trasmisión de nuevos valores ambientales?
Para responderlas, este trabajo de investigación ofrece, en una serie de capítulos tratados
desde la perspectiva histórico-educativa, el desglose, determinación y comparación de las
técnicas comunicativas en la educación, interpretación del patrimonio y divulgación
científica, la cuantificación de los recursos didácticos y lingüísticos, así como también
presenta el análisis de las tipologías de los mensajes en dos de sus obras audiovisuales y,
por último, estudia la presencia de su influencia en la manualística escolar a través de
rastros directos e indirectos.
Se ha realizado una revisión y análisis documental sobre el perfil educador de Félix
Rodríguez de la Fuente a partir de fuentes primarias y las distintas biografías realizadas
hasta la fecha. Por otra parte, se efectúa una reflexión comparativa sobre la comunicación
en la educación, la interpretación del patrimonio y la divulgación científica. Su
proyección educadora se manifiesta por medio de la localización de rastros educativos en
la obra audiovisual de Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, como son El Hombre y la Tierra,
Fauna y El Planeta Azul. Finalmente, se muestra la presencia de Félix Rodríguez de la
Fuente en los manuales escolares.
Con el análisis de todo este material, se confirma la gran proyección educadora de Félix
Rodríguez de la Fuente en diferentes ámbitos y se ponen en valor
sus aportaciones a la educación española.Born and raised in the northern province of Burgos, Félix Rodríguez de la
Fuente was the most famous conservationist and communicator of the natural
world in 20th century Spain. His contributions to Spanish culture in the last
century have been widely recognised and he has clearly left a strong mark on
today’s society. His overshadowing presence raises the questions: what exactly
has been his educational influence, and to what extent has he shaped the adoption of new environmental values?
In order to answer these questions, this paper disassembles, analyses,
identifies and compares de la Fuente´s communication techniques, and how
he applied them in the realms of education, heritage interpretation and popular science communication. The didactic and linguistic resources employed
are examined and the message typologies of two of his major audiovisual
works are reviewed. Finally, this paper examines direct and indirect evidence
of his influence on text books and other teaching materials still used in the
school setting.
A bibliographical review is undertaken of both primary sources and of
the various biographies of de la Fuente that have been written to date. In
addition, the paper reflects upon the role of communication in education,
heritage interpretation and in the communication of science to non-specialist audiences. His didactic influences can be clearly detected in de la Fuente´s
audio-visual works such as El Hombre y la Tierra, Fauna, and El Planeta Azul, as well
in school texts.
Through the examination of these materials, the ongoing positive influences of de la Fuente on Spanish education are brought to the fore
La gestión del conocimiento en el campo museístico: diseño del modelo ATA - MEH y aplicación del estudio del caso en el Museo de la Evolución Humana y en el ecosistema del Proyecto Atapuerca
No full textEl estudio detallado en la presente tesis doctoral, versa sobre la Gestión del
Conocimiento en el ámbito museístico, incluyendo una aplicación concreta de esto, al
Museo de la Evolución Humana y el ecosistema del Proyecto Atapuerca.
Primeramente, se desarrolla un estudio a través de cuestionarios realizados a museos
españoles, consiguiendo parametrizar, por primera vez en la literatura científica,
aspectos de conocimiento empleado en este tipo de instituciones.
Finalmente, se desarrolla el Modelo de la Gestión del Conocimiento “ATA-MEH” a partir
de los resultados obtenidos, para el caso del MEH y su Ecosistema.
Por otro lado, la investigación realizada ha sido capaz de recopilar por primera vez la
producción científica sobre los yacimientos de la Sierra de Atapuerca en forma de tesis
doctorales desde su inicio. Esta recopilación se analiza cualitativa y cuantitativamente
con una cronología, relacionando los avances en materia de producción científica y las
infraestructuras que se han ido desarrollando en este periodo. Paralelamente, se analiza
la repercusión socioeconómica y sociocultural del Proyecto Atapuerca en la ciudad de
Burgos, por medio de indicadores económicos y turísticos oficiales.The detailed study in this doctoral thesis deals with Knowledge Management in the
museum field, including a concrete application of this to the Museum of Human Evolution
and the ecosystem of the Atapuerca Project.
Firstly, a study is carried out through questionnaires carried out to Spanish museums,
managing to parameterize, for first time in the scientific literature, aspects of knowledge
used in this type of institution.
Finally, the “ATA-MEH” GC Model is developed based on the results obtained, for the
case of the MEH and its Ecosystem.
On the other hand, the research carried out has been able to compile for the first time
the scientific production on the sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca in the form of doctoral
theses since its inception. This collection is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with
a chronology, relating the advances in scientific production and the infrastructures that
have been developed in this period. At the same time, the socioeconomic and
sociocultural repercussion of the Atapuerca Project in the city of Burgos is analyzed,
through official economic and tourist indicators
The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner
Get PDFAccumulated evidence points to the lipocalin apolipoprotein D (ApoD), one of the few genes consistently upregulated upon brain ageing and neurodegeneration, as an endogenous controller of the redox state of cellular and extracellular lipid structures. This biochemical function has downstream consequences as apparently varied as control of glycocalyx and myelin compaction, cell viability upon oxidative stress or modulation of signalling pathways. In spite of this knowledge, it is still unclear if ApoD function requires canonical receptor-mediated transductions systems. This work aims to examine ApoD-cell membrane interaction and its dependence on a proposed ApoD receptor, Basigin. Whole and fractionated membrane preparations from the brain, primary astrocytes, glial and neuronal cell lines, reveal ApoD as a very specific component of particular subtypes of detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). ApoD interacts in vitro with neuronal membranes and is stably associated with astrocytic membranes. ApoD associates with DRMs with specific buoyancy properties that co-fractionate with plasma or late-endosome-lysosome markers. A mass spectrometry analysis reveals that these Triton X-114 DRMs contain both plasma membrane and endosomal-lysosomal compartment lipid raft proteins. ApoD-DRM association is maintained under metabolic and acute oxidative stress conditions. However, ApoD-membrane interaction, its internalization and its lipid-antioxidant function do not require the presence of Basigin. This work supports a stable association of ApoD with membranes, independent of Basigin, and provides the basis to fully understand ApoD antioxidant neuroprotective mechanism as a mechanism taking place in specific membrane subdomains.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion grants BFU2015-68149-R and PID2019-110911RB-I00 to M.D.G. and D.S
Filtration Dataset
No full textThe dataset is made up of three different filtration experiences on wastewater producer on a single slaghterhouse
Subcritical water extraction scale-up from laboratory to pilot system for red algae residue valorization
Get PDFPóster presentado en: EIFS2022, the 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos / 2º Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos), to be held on 28.February - 2.March 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal.Gelidium sesquipedale solid residue after industrial agar extraction contains high amounts
of proteins with all essential amino acids and carbohydrates such as glucans, galactans or
arabinans [1]. Therefore, although it is generally discarded, its reincorporation in the
industry as a value-added product brings an interesting solution. Traditional methods used
for bioactive compounds extraction from different raw materials present numerous
drawbacks, namely, time-consuming, costly to dispose of used products and harmful to
environment and human health [2]. Among green technologies, subcritical water
extraction (SWE) stands out as a great alternative to traditional extraction processes. SWE
consists of using hot pressurized water above its boiling point, 100 °C, and below its
critical point, 374 °C, which causes many of the properties of water to change, such as
density or dielectric constant [3,4]. Water dielectric constant, which is related to its
polarity, decreases with increasing temperature, similar to organic solvents, at 200 °C. As
a result, through the dielectric constant modulation with temperature, SWE is able to
selectively extract polar or non-polar compounds [5].
In order to assess the feasibility of industrial-scale subcritical solvent extraction, a pilot-
scale process must first be tested. Generally, the design of the industrial SWE equipment
is preceded by the study of laboratory- and pilot-scale systems. Hence, although in many
cases the pilot-scale study stage is eliminated, the scaling-up process would be much more
efficient by incorporating the pilot-scale study to obtain quality data and determination
of scale-up factor [6]. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to prove the feasibility
of industrial-scale subcritical water system through scaling-up from lab to pilot system.,
by the comparison of lab- and pilot-scale subcritical water performance. For this, many
analytical methods were applied for the comparison of the extraction yield of the two
systems; such as, polysaccharide fraction identification and quantification, total protein
content and free amino acids determination, and total polyphenol content (TPC) and
antioxidant activity.
Galactose was mainly recovered as oligomer fraction with maximum yields of 71.4 (36
minutes) and 74.5 % (45 minutes) for pilot and lab-scale, respectively (Figure 1a). Lower
yields were determined for glucans, with maximum yields of 9.5 % for both systems, in
which more than 6 % was extracted in the first minutes. Similar extraction curves and
yields were determined for protein fraction with final extraction yields close to 40 %
(Figure 1b), while free amino acids content was higher in laboratory scale. The greatest
extraction yield was accounted for the smallest amino acids, such as glycine, alanine and
aspartic acid, whereas polar amino acids such as glutamic acid and lysine were reduced,
although lysine was not detected in pilot system. Differences in total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) extraction were observed for both
systems. Increasing TPC content with time was determined for lab-scale system, while in
pilot system a plateau phase was observed after 36 minutes of extraction.
SWE has been proven to be an efficient technology for bioactive compounds recovery
such as carbohydrates, protein and amino acids from algae residue. Scaling up of
subcritical water system from laboratory to pilot scale resulted in good and reproducible
results. Therefore, feasibility of industrial-scale subcritical water system through scaling-
up from lab to pilot system has been showed.This work was supported by AEI [PID2019-104950RB-I00 and
PID2020-116716RJ-I00] and JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20]
P. Alonso-Riaño and E. Trigueros acknowledge funding from
JCyL and ESF [Orden EDU/556/2019 and EDU/574/2018,
respectively]. A.E. Illera post-doctoral contract was funded by
JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20]. R. Melgosa is supported by a
Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of brewer´s spent grain (BSG)
Get PDFPóster presentado en: EIFS2022, the 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos / 2º Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos), to be held on 28.February - 2.March 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal.Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is one of the most important by-products in large and small-
scale breweries. BSG is the solid residue generated after mashing and wort filtration
process, it is generated at an average rate of 20 kg per 100 L of beer and accounts for
approximately 85 % of the total residues of the brewing process [4]. Nowadays, it is
mainly used for animal feed (70 %), biogas production (10 %), or landfilled [5].
However, BSG presents a valuable chemical composition with a high content of protein
and carbohydrates, as well as important quantities of phenolic compounds with potential
bioactive properties. BSG also contains non-negligible amount of lipids (5 %) with more
than 50 % being linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6) [6].
Due to the valuable chemical composition of BSG, different techniques have been
proposed to valorize this lignocellulosic biomass, such as enzymatic and chemical
hydrolysis, ultrasound assisted extraction or microwave assisted extraction [7]. High
pressure processing of biomass has been also proposed since it offers unique opportunities
in the extraction and valorization of the bioactive compounds of BSG. Among the different high-pressure processes, the use of supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2)
presents a great attractive since it is considered a green solvent and it presents gas-like
(high diffusivities) and liquid-like (good solvation power) properties at supercritical
conditions (Tc = 31.1 oC pc= 7.39 MPa). Sc-CO2 has been extensively studied as a green
extracting agent over traditional organic solvents to valorize the lipophilic fraction of
biomass [8].
From a biorefinery perspective and aiming at the integral valorization of BSG, sc-CO2
extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis processes have been applied to this by-product. First,
the extraction of the lipophilic fraction of BSG with sc-CO2 has been systematically
studied. The most influential extraction conditions, namely pressure and temperature,
were varied from 20 to 40 MPa and from 313 to 353 K, respectively. A maximum yield
of 5.70 ± 0.07 g /100 gBSG was obtained at 353 K and 40 MPa (see Graphical abstract, Fig.
a)). High pressures and temperatures resulted in higher content of total phenolic and
flavonoids compounds, as well as higher antioxidant capacity.
Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on samples after sc-CO2 treatment and non-treated
BSG samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 323 K in an acetate buffer at pH=5
with a cellulase, 1,4-(1,3:1,4)-β-D-Glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4, from
Aspergillus niger provided by Sigma-Aldrich.
The graphical abstract b) represents the glucose yield along enzymatic hydrolysis for sc-
CO2 treated and non-treated BSG at different enzyme concentrations. An improvement of
the enzymatic hydrolysis yield by cellulase was observed in the sc-CO2 treated BSG
compared to the non-treated. This improvement could be partially attributed to the
removal of the lipid fraction and to morphological changes of BSG after sc-CO2. Based
on this double benefit, sc-CO2 can play an important role on biomass valorization [8].AEI [PID2019-104950RB-I00 and PID2020-116716RJ-I00] and JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20]. P. AlonsoRiaño and E. Trigueros acknowledge funding from JCyL and ESF [Orden EDU/556/2019 and EDU/574/2018, respectively]. R.
Melgosa is supported by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]. Ó. Benito-Román post-doctoral contract was funded
by AEI [PID2020-116716RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]. A.E. Illera post-doctoral contract was funded by JCyL and ERDF
[BU050P20]